Drugs & Society Module 3- Stimulants

A consequence of using cocaine during pregnancy is that it _______

Increases the risk for spontaneous abortion

Identify an accurate statement about the molecular structure of methamphetamine

It has a methyl group added to the basic amphetamine structure

After 1884, the use of cocaine as an anesthetic drug gained popularity because ______

It was thought as a safe and effective drug

Identify a true statement about the dependence potential of cocaine

Majority of cocaine users use cocaine without becoming addicted

In March and July 2010, the two houses of the US Congress approved a bill that would reduce the quantity ratio between the amounts of powder and crack cocaine needed to trigger certain mandatory minimum sentences for trafficking cocaine to ________

18 to 1

Today, amphetamines are still used in the treatment of depression but mostly as a treatment used together with the primary treatment. This form of treatment is known as a(n)

Adjunctive therapy

Identify a reason for acute cocaine poisoning

Adulteration of illicit cocaine with other chemicals

Ephedrine, an active ingredient in an herb called ma huang in China, is similar in structure to ______

Amphetamine

Powder and crack cocaine are qualitatively the same drug because powder cocaine _______, which will produce the onset of effects as rapid as smoking crack cocaine

Can be dissolved in water or saline and injected intravenously

Match the routes of administration of cocaine with their effects

Chewing and sucking the cocoa leaves-slower onset of effects and much lower blood levels than other routes Snorting cocaine hydrochloride- absorbed quite rapidly and reaches the brain rather quickly

The origin of the earliest civilization in the Americas, the beginning around 5000 B.C. of what was to become the Inca Empire in Peru, has been traced to the use of _____

Coca

Identify the products introduced by Angelo Mariani in which he used an extract from the coca leaves

Coca tea and coca lozenge

Coca leaves contain, besides the oils that give them flavor, the active chemical ______

Cocaine

In an 1885 lecture before a group of psychiatrists, Sigmund Freud commented on the use of _____ as a stimulant

Cocaine

Anectdotally, amphetamine-related withdrawal has been described to be analogus to _______ withdrawal

Cocaine-related

Mixing cocaine with simple household chemicals, including baking soda and water, and then drying it resulted in a lump of smokable cocaine known as _______

Crack

Identify the street names of methamphetamine hydrochloride crystals

Crystal meth and ice

There is a notable likeness between the molecular structures of catecholamine neurotransmitter ______ and the basic amphetamine molecule

Dopamine

Identify the neurotransmitters whose reuptake is blocked by cocaine

Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

The supposition that recreational use of methamphetamine leads to neuroanatomical pathologies that cause cognitive impairments is supported by evidence from research

False

Negative publicity of cocaine influenced the passage of the 1914 _______

Harrison Act

After WWII, it was discovered that injecting amphetamines along with ____ can get effects similar to that of cocaine

Heroin

Amphetamines are used to treat symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder because they ______

Improve concentration in hyperactive people

Identify a consequence of limited amphetamine availability due to tightened controls on legally manufactured amphetamines during the 1970s

Increase in the number of illicit labs making methamphetamine

Identify an impact of consuming cocaine repeatedly and at increasingly high doses

Increased irritability

Identify a true statement about cocaethylene

It is less potent that cocaine in terms of cardiovascular effects in humans

______ is a sleep disorder in which individuals do not sleep normally at night and in the daytime experience uncontrollable episodes of muscular weakness and falling asleep

Narcolepsy

During the 1960s, physicians used injectable amphetamines to treat ______

Obesity

Identify the countries that are the primary source of illicit cocaine in the US

Peru, Bolivia, and Columbia

Identify a consequence of increased legal restrictions on cocaine in the US during the late 1980s

Reemergence of amphetamine

According to studies, use of amphetamines and methylphenidate helps in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivitiy disorder, or ADHD, by ________.

Reversing catecholamine-associated deficits

According to research on the effects of amphetamines, students use amphetamines in order to _______

Stay awake and study longer

Amphetamines increase the activity of monoamine neurotransmitters by _______

Stimulating the release of these neurotransmitters

The method of smoking cocaine by converting cocaine hydrochloride into freebase can be very dangerous because _______

The combination of fire and ether fumes is extremely explosive

Identify an accurate statement about the dependence potential of amphetamines

They are capable of producing addiction

It has been shown in rats that high doses of methamphetamine result in _______.

The production in the brain of a chemical that selectively destroys catecholamine neurons

In response to concerns about cocaine, President Reagan issued a proclamation designating October 1986 as crack/cocaine awareness month, and congress passed the anti-drug abuse act of 1986

True