Drugs & Society Module 3- Stimulants
A consequence of using cocaine during pregnancy is that it _______
Increases the risk for spontaneous abortion
Identify an accurate statement about the molecular structure of methamphetamine
It has a methyl group added to the basic amphetamine structure
After 1884, the use of cocaine as an anesthetic drug gained popularity because ______
It was thought as a safe and effective drug
Identify a true statement about the dependence potential of cocaine
Majority of cocaine users use cocaine without becoming addicted
In March and July 2010, the two houses of the US Congress approved a bill that would reduce the quantity ratio between the amounts of powder and crack cocaine needed to trigger certain mandatory minimum sentences for trafficking cocaine to ________
18 to 1
Today, amphetamines are still used in the treatment of depression but mostly as a treatment used together with the primary treatment. This form of treatment is known as a(n)
Adjunctive therapy
Identify a reason for acute cocaine poisoning
Adulteration of illicit cocaine with other chemicals
Ephedrine, an active ingredient in an herb called ma huang in China, is similar in structure to ______
Amphetamine
Powder and crack cocaine are qualitatively the same drug because powder cocaine _______, which will produce the onset of effects as rapid as smoking crack cocaine
Can be dissolved in water or saline and injected intravenously
Match the routes of administration of cocaine with their effects
Chewing and sucking the cocoa leaves-slower onset of effects and much lower blood levels than other routes Snorting cocaine hydrochloride- absorbed quite rapidly and reaches the brain rather quickly
The origin of the earliest civilization in the Americas, the beginning around 5000 B.C. of what was to become the Inca Empire in Peru, has been traced to the use of _____
Coca
Identify the products introduced by Angelo Mariani in which he used an extract from the coca leaves
Coca tea and coca lozenge
Coca leaves contain, besides the oils that give them flavor, the active chemical ______
Cocaine
In an 1885 lecture before a group of psychiatrists, Sigmund Freud commented on the use of _____ as a stimulant
Cocaine
Anectdotally, amphetamine-related withdrawal has been described to be analogus to _______ withdrawal
Cocaine-related
Mixing cocaine with simple household chemicals, including baking soda and water, and then drying it resulted in a lump of smokable cocaine known as _______
Crack
Identify the street names of methamphetamine hydrochloride crystals
Crystal meth and ice
There is a notable likeness between the molecular structures of catecholamine neurotransmitter ______ and the basic amphetamine molecule
Dopamine
Identify the neurotransmitters whose reuptake is blocked by cocaine
Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
The supposition that recreational use of methamphetamine leads to neuroanatomical pathologies that cause cognitive impairments is supported by evidence from research
False
Negative publicity of cocaine influenced the passage of the 1914 _______
Harrison Act
After WWII, it was discovered that injecting amphetamines along with ____ can get effects similar to that of cocaine
Heroin
Amphetamines are used to treat symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder because they ______
Improve concentration in hyperactive people
Identify a consequence of limited amphetamine availability due to tightened controls on legally manufactured amphetamines during the 1970s
Increase in the number of illicit labs making methamphetamine
Identify an impact of consuming cocaine repeatedly and at increasingly high doses
Increased irritability
Identify a true statement about cocaethylene
It is less potent that cocaine in terms of cardiovascular effects in humans
______ is a sleep disorder in which individuals do not sleep normally at night and in the daytime experience uncontrollable episodes of muscular weakness and falling asleep
Narcolepsy
During the 1960s, physicians used injectable amphetamines to treat ______
Obesity
Identify the countries that are the primary source of illicit cocaine in the US
Peru, Bolivia, and Columbia
Identify a consequence of increased legal restrictions on cocaine in the US during the late 1980s
Reemergence of amphetamine
According to studies, use of amphetamines and methylphenidate helps in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivitiy disorder, or ADHD, by ________.
Reversing catecholamine-associated deficits
According to research on the effects of amphetamines, students use amphetamines in order to _______
Stay awake and study longer
Amphetamines increase the activity of monoamine neurotransmitters by _______
Stimulating the release of these neurotransmitters
The method of smoking cocaine by converting cocaine hydrochloride into freebase can be very dangerous because _______
The combination of fire and ether fumes is extremely explosive
Identify an accurate statement about the dependence potential of amphetamines
They are capable of producing addiction
It has been shown in rats that high doses of methamphetamine result in _______.
The production in the brain of a chemical that selectively destroys catecholamine neurons
In response to concerns about cocaine, President Reagan issued a proclamation designating October 1986 as crack/cocaine awareness month, and congress passed the anti-drug abuse act of 1986
True