Dynamic Earth: Plate Tectonics

the movement of fluid caused by differences in temperature

convection currents

a crack in Earth's crust

fault

Which features form along all types of plate boundaries? faults rift valleys mountains ocean ridges

faults

Which event is associated with convergent boundaries? formation of island chains creation of mid-ocean ridges creation of convection currents formation of rift valleys

formation of island chains

Which plate borders the Philippine Plate? African Antarctic Eurasian North American

Eurasian

Sometimes earthquakes occur at a boundary between the Indian and Eurasian Plates. The collisions of these two continental plates formed the Himalayan mountain range. Based on this information, which type of boundary exists between the Indian and Eurasian Plates? continental-continental convergent continental-continental divergent oceanic-continental divergent oceanic-continental convergent

continental-continental convergent

an area where two or more tectonic plates move toward one another and collide

convergent boundary

an area where two or more tectonic plates move away from one another

divergent boundary

Which describes the boundary where earthquake activity occurs along rift valleys? divergent boundary in the ocean divergent boundary on land convergent boundary in the ocean convergent boundary on land

divergent boundary on land

Which landforms might you see at a divergent plate boundary? (2) mid-ocean ridge mountain range rift valley volcano island

mid-ocean ridge rift valley

Which statement explains the relationship between the density of a material and its movement in Earth's interior? - Cooler materials move from Earth's mantle to the lithosphere. - Cooler materials are highly dense, causing them to sink to the outer core. - Warmer materials sink to the mantle because their density slowly decreases. - Warmer materials have a high density, causing them to rise to Earth's surface.

Cooler materials are highly dense, causing them to sink to the outer core.

Which statement describes transform boundaries? Rift valleys are formed. Mountains are created. Faults form in the lithosphere. Plates move toward each other.

Faults form in the lithosphere.

Which statement describes John Tuzo Wilson's contribution to the theory of plate tectonics? - He proposed that plates carry parts of the seafloor. - He theorized that pieces of Earth move for a limited time. - He suggested that the asthenosphere is broken into segments. - He observed seafloor cracks similar to existing cracks in the continents.

He proposed that plates carry parts of the seafloor.

Which statement describes the process of subduction? - Convection currents pull a plate into the mantle. - One plate slides beneath another due to gravitational pull. - Materials are transferred within Earth's interior by density. - Heat cycles in the mantle cause plates to constantly move.

One plate slides beneath another due to gravitational pull.

Studies have shown that there is a relationship between the type and location of boundaries and the distribution and depth of earthquakes along or near these boundaries. Many earthquakes, shown in the map as wide bands, occur along convergent areas. These areas experience varying depths of earthquakes. Where would oceanic-oceanic convergence most likely occur? - Nazca plate converging with the South America plate, forming the Andes mountains - Philippine plate converging with the Pacific plate, forming Mariana Islands in the Pacific Ocean - Juan de Fuca converging with the North American plate, forming the Cascade mountains - North America Plate converging with the Eurasian Plate, forming a mid-ocean ridge

Philippine plate converging with the Pacific plate, forming Mariana Islands in the Pacific Ocean

Which statement accurately describes plate tectonics? - Pieces of the lithosphere move quickly and constantly. - The motion of the subduction drives plate movement. - When one plate slides under another, it is called a convection current. - The lithosphere is broken into sections called plates.

The lithosphere is broken into sections called plates.

During the process of mountain building, earthquakes sometimes occur along continental-continental convergent boundaries. Which statement best describes the motion of the plates along these boundaries that causes the earthquakes? - The plates push apart from each other with no subduction. - Subduction occurs with the less-dense plate sinking below the other plate. - Subduction occurs with the more-dense plate sinking below the other plate. - The plates smash together with no subduction.

The plates smash together with no subduction.

In which two places do divergent boundaries occur? land and oceans oceans and volcanoes volcanoes and lower mantle lower mantle and land

land and oceans

Into which layer of the Earth do plate boundaries extend? outer core lithosphere lower mantle asthenosphere

lithosphere

Which region of Earth did John Tuzo Wilson believe was broken into plates? lithosphere outer core lower mantle asthenosphere

lithosphere

a rigid layer composed of the crust and the upper mantle

lithosphere

In which layer of the Earth does the motion of the convection currents drive plate movement? mantle outer core inner core lithosphere

mantle

Occasionally earthquakes occur as a result of collisions along oceanic-continental convergent boundaries. Where do these earthquakes most likely occur? on land but close to oceans inland, far from the coast in the middle of the oceans anywhere there are mountains

on land but close to oceans

a puzzle piece-like section of the lithosphere that moves over the asthenosphere carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust

plate

the theory that pieces of the lithosphere are constantly moving due to convection currents in Earth's mantle

plate tectonics

Where would you most likely find transform boundaries on an earthquake distribution map? where earthquakes are shallow and weak where earthquakes are shallow and powerful where earthquakes are deep and weak where earthquakes are deep and powerful

where earthquakes are shallow and powerful

an area of low land with steep walls formed at divergent boundaries

rift valley

According to the theory of plate tectonics, which is one feature that plates carry? seafloor inner core lower mantle asthenosphere

seafloor

the downward movement of one of Earth's plates beneath another plate

subduction

At which point is crust neither created nor destroyed? island chain mid-ocean ridge divergent boundary transform boundary

transform boundary

an area where two plates slide past each other in opposite directions

transform boundary

Many earthquakes occur near mid-ocean ridges but do not destroy or form new crust. Instead, plates slip past each other. Which kind of boundary is found at these earthquake locations? transform boundary between two ocean plates transform boundary between two continental plates convergent boundary between two ocean plates convergent boundary between two continental plates

transform boundary between two ocean plates

Which best explains why earthquakes sometimes occur in the same locations as mid-ocean ridges and rift valleys? - Plates bump as they slip past each other at convergent boundaries. - Plates get stuck as they move past each other at convergent boundaries. - Crust gets cracked and forms faults as plates collide along divergent plate boundaries. - Faults form because crust gets cracked when plates move apart along divergent plate boundaries.

Faults form because crust gets cracked when plates move apart along divergent plate boundaries.

Which statement explains how convection currents affect the movement of plates? - Gravity pulls one edge of a plate down into the mantle, which causes the rest of the plate to move as well. - Heat from Earth's interior causes lithospheric plates to collide at convergent plate boundaries, causing volcanoes. - Heat from Earth's interior causes currents of hot rising magma and cooler sinking magma to flow, moving the crust along with them. - As convection currents drift across the oceans, they bring the pieces of Earth's crust with them as the supercontinent breaks apart.

Heat from Earth's interior causes currents of hot rising magma and cooler sinking magma to flow, moving the crust along with them.

Many more earthquakes occur along the San Andreas Fault in California than in other parts of the United States. Scientists claim that these earthquakes are caused by activity along a transform plate boundary. Which evidence would best support this claim? Subduction causes new crust to form. Subduction causes old crust to be destroyed. Plates slip past each other at the boundary. Plates collide with each other at the boundary.

Plates slip past each other at the boundary.

Which statement best describes the theory of plate tectonics? - Plates sometimes move closer to one another. - Sections of Earth that shift are part of Earth's asthenosphere. - Sections of Earth's continents are in slow, constant movement. - Parts of the ocean floor move as they are carried by rift valleys.

Sections of Earth's continents are in slow, constant movement.

Which plate forms a boundary with the African Plate? Pacific South American Nazca Philippine

South American