E BIO - Chapter 8 Pre-Quiz

True or False: Consumers must eat other organisms to gain energy and nutrients.

True

True or False: More matter and energy are brought into the area with high species evenness.

True

True or False: Symbiosis is a close biological or ecological relationship between two species.

True

True or False: The Wood Stork is a good indicator species for the Everglades because even minor environmental changes can affect their population dramatically and so they can help restoration ecologists keep tabs on the health of an ecosystem.

True

Matter and energy move through a community via the _______ web.

food

In general, organisms at ________ trophic levels will have ________ members than those at _______ trophic levels.

higher; fewer; lower

A 1999 report from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers found that the Everglades have been reduced by ________ compared to when they were first explored in the late 1800s.

50%

Ecosystem complexity refers to which of the following? A) a measure of the number of species at each trophic level, as well as the total number of trophic levels and available niches B) regions of distinctly different physical areas that serve as boundaries between different communities C) the ability of an ecosystem to recover when it is damaged or perturbed D) the end stage of ecological succession E) None of the above.

A) a measure of the number of species at each trophic level, as well as the total number of trophic levels and available niches

Which of the following is NOT a producer? A) applesnail B) bladderwort C) periphyton D) sawgrass E) None; all of the above are producers.

A) applesnail

Which of the following describes trophic levels? A) feeding levels in a food chain B) measures of the amount of energy captured and stored in photosynthetic organisms C) regions of distinctly different physical areas that serve as boundaries between different communities D) progressive replacement of plant species in a community over time due to changing conditions E)None of the above.

A) feeding levels in a food chain

Nutrient enrichment from human activity has resulted in all of the following EXCEPT: A) sawgrass outcompeting cattails in the marsh. B) loss of native invertebrates on the bottom of the food chain. C) disruption of bird and alligator nesting. D)creation of vast algal blooms. E) None; all of the above have resulted from nutrient enrichment.

A) sawgrass outcompeting cattails in the marsh.

Which of the following is an example of a pioneer species? A) oak tree B) lichen C) small herb D) small shrub E) None of the above.

B) lichen

Which of the following areas would likely show low species diversity? A) agricultural areas B) highly developed areas C) homogeneous habitats D) All of the above. E) Only choices A and B are correct.

D) All of the above.

Which of the following decreases at higher trophic levels? A) number of organisms B) energy C) biomass D) All of the above. E) Only choices A and C are correct.

D) All of the above.

Which of the following is FALSE regarding ecosystem complexity? A) Greater ecosystem complexity means more niches and thus more ways for matter and energy to be accessed and exchanged. B) It results from connections among species, and between species and their environment. C) Ecosystem complexity is independent of a community's resilience. D) None; all of the above are true. E) All of the above are false.

C) Ecosystem complexity is independent of a community's resilience.

Which of the following has evolved to weaken but not kill another species? A) predator B) host C) parasite D) prey E) competitor

C) Parasite

Which of the following is NOT a result of human disturbance in the Everglades? A) fewer fish of suitable size are available to feed young storks because of lost wetlands B) increased predation of young storks due to human disturbance of an area C) forced hibernation of animals due to limited plant productivity D) disruption of stork breeding cycles due to altered water cycles E) None; all of the above have resulted from human disturbance.

C) forced hibernation of animals due to limited plant productivity

Of the following terms, which one includes two of the others A) species richness B) species evenness C) species diversity D) species balance E) species spacing

C) species diversity

The end stage of ecological succession where the community remains stable as long as the environment remains unchanged is called a(n) ___________________.

Climax community

In a desert, a tree species grows tall and provides shade and improved soil conditions for another plant species that germinates and grows better in cool, moist conditions. There are no obvious benefits to the tree species from this relationship. Which of the following species interactions refer to this example?

Commensalism

__________________ is the study of all the populations (plants, animals, and other species) living and interacting in an area.

Community Ecology

In the Everglades, alligators are considered to be a keystone species for which of the following reasons? A) They increase available aquatic habitat in the dry season. B) They protect bird nests by preying on raccoons. C) Young alligators serve as prey for other predators. D) All of the above. E) Only choices A and C are correct.

D) All of the above.

Symbiosis can take which of the following forms? A) mutualism B) parasitism C) commensalism D) All of the above. E) Only choices A and C are correct.

D) All of the above.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding wetlands? A) They capture and store large amounts of precipitation and runoff and release it downstream slowly over time. B) They help recharge groundwater. C) They capture contaminants and excess nutrients for storage or conversion to safer forms. D) All of the above. E) Only choices A and C are correct

D) All of the above.

Which of the following reasons could cause Wood Storks to fly farther and farther from their nesting habitat in search of foraging grounds? A) flooding of foraging grounds B) foraging grounds dry up C) foraging grounds are converted into human developments D) All of the above. E) Only choices B and C are correct.

D) All of the above.

Which trophic level(s) do detritivores and decomposers feed on? A) primary consumers B) producers C) secondary consumers D) tertiary consumers E) All of the above are correct.

E) All of the above are correct.

The Everglades have been impacted by humans in which of the following ways? A) Roadways and canals have altered the physical landscape. B) Nutrient pollution from agricultural runoff has contaminated waterways. C) Wetlands have been drained. D) Water that once fed swamps and marshes was rerouted to human developments. E) All of the above.

E) All of the above.

In the infographic, which of the following is a secondary consumer? A) sawgrass B) frog C) snail kite D) gar E) Choices B and C are correct.

E) Choices B and C are correct.

When two species interact, they can benefit from the interaction (+), be harmed by the interaction (-), or not be affected (na). Which of the following species interactions is INCORRECTLY labeled? A) mutualism: species 1 (+), species 2 (+) B) predator/prey: species 1 (+), species 2 (-) C) competition: species 1 (-), species 2 (-) D) commensalism: species 1 (+), species 2 (na) E) None; all of the above are correctly labeled.

E) None; all of the above are correctly labeled.

_______________ refers to the progressive replacement of plant (and then animal) species in a community over time due to the changing conditions that the plants themselves create.

Ecological succession

Forest fragmentation has led to declines in songbird populations whose nests are attacked by predators that exist along forest perimeters. This is an example of an _______ effect.

Edge

The fish shown in the infographic are examples of _______ species. A) core B) border C) edge D) split E) perimeter

Edge

Most food chains have only four or five trophic levels due to the progressive loss of ________.

Energy

True or False: Abiotic factors are living while biotic factors are nonliving.

False

True or False: Each organism can feed on only one trophic level.

False

True or False: Net primary productivity is a measure of total photosynthesis.

False

True or False: Pioneer species are often K-species and may be annuals, species that live one year, leave behind seeds, and then die.

False

True or False: The featured block on the east coast has greater species richness than the featured block on the west coast.

False

A linkage of all the food chains together that shows the many connections in the community is referred to as a:

Food Web

What physical environment in which individuals of a particular species can be found?

Habitat

In South Florida, historically, the main flow of water was from Lake Okeechobee _________.

South through the Everglades into Florida Bay

Competition for limited resources between individuals of different species is known as _____________.

Interspecific competition

A(n) _________ is the functional role of a species in a community.

Niche

Intraspecific competition is generally stronger than interspecific competition because in intraspecific competition all of the competitors share the exact same __________.

Niche

A ________ species is the first to colonize a new area in primary succession

Pioneer

_______________ refers to ecological succession following a disturbance so severe that all soil and vegetation is lost.

Primary Succession

__________ ecology is the science that deals with the repair of damaged or disturbed ecosystems.

Restoration

Ecological succession that occurs in an ecosystem that has been disturbed but where soil is still present is known as which of the following?

Secondary Succession

From the infographic, to which trophic level(s) do Wood Storks belong?

Secondary and Tertiary consumer

Great White Egrets and Wood Storks feed in shallow ponds and ________, which are free-flowing channels of water that develop in between sawgrass prairies.

Sloughs

Ecological succession after which of the following disruptions would be the quickest?

Wild-fire

Nutrient pollution in a stream causes rapid growth of one or two species of algae. As other algal species become greatly outnumbered, species _________ in the community decreases.

evenness

The purpose of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) was to

restore some of the natural flow of water through the Everglades and to capture a portion of the water that now flows to the ocean for South Florida cities and farms