Earth Science Regents Chapter 4 Review, Earth Science Topic 4

4. Local solar time

Cities located on the same meridian must have the same

4. Moves from the west towards the south

From September 21 to December 20 in the United States, the direction in which the sun sets

3. 1 year

How long does Earth take to complete one orbit around the Sun?

2. Set in the north

If Earth rotated from north to south, the North star would appear to

4. Length of an Earth day

If Earth's rate of rotation decreased, there would be an increase in the

2. November 30

If a full moon occurs on November 1, the next full moon phase will occur about

2. South

In New York State, to see the sun at noon, one would look towards the

June 21 - Summer Solstice

direct ray of the sun hits the earth at 23.5 degrees NORTH latitude longest day of the year in northern hemisphere, shortest day of year in southern hem sun rises farthest north of east, and sets farthest north of west.

Geocentric Model

earth is the center of the universe sun orbits around the earth

Foucault Pendulum

earth rotated under pendulum causing it to appear to be changing

March 21 - Spring Equinox (Vernal Equinox)

exactly the same as fall equinox

proof that the earth moves (rotates)

1. Foucault Pendulum 2. Coriolis Effect

reasons for seasons

1. revolution of the earth around the sun 2. earth's axis is tilted at 23.5 degrees 3. parallelism of the earth's axis - earth's axis doesn't wobble over the course of a year

2. 3:26 A.M. the following day

A high tide occurs at Boston on a certain day at 3 P.M. The next high tide may be expected to occur at

Any yearly / daily change is caused by...

the earth's revolution

September 21 - Fall Equinox

autumnal/ fall equinox in between two equinoxes direct ray of the sun hits the equator sun rises due (exactly) east and sets due west

proof that the earth revolves

retrograde motion of outer planets

Heliocentric Model

sun is the center of our solar system earth is heliocentric

December 21 - winter solstice

sun rays hit 23.5 degrees SOUTH latitude sun rises south of east and sets south of west longest day in southern hemisphere, shortest day in northern hemisphere

3. 23.5 degrees South

On December 21, at which latitude would an observer find the sun directly overhead?

1. Coriolis effect

On Earth, surface ocean currents rotate clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere because of the

4. Rotates on its axis

The Coriolis effect provides evidence that Earth

1. Rotation

The Foucault pendulum provides evidence of Earth's

2. Rotation of Earth

The apparent rising and setting of the sun as seen from Earth are caused by the

1. Moon's orbit is tilted relative to Earth's orbit

The new moon phase occurs when the moon is positioned between Earth and the sun. However, these positions do not always cause an eclipse of the sun because the

2. 45 degrees

The star Sirius is observed in the evening sky during the month of January. At the end of 3 hours, Sirius will appear to have moved

4. Earth's rotation on its axis

The sun's apparent daily movement across the sky is caused by

4. The planets' orbits are ellipses in a heliocentric model

Which planetary orbit model allows a scientist to predict the exact positions of the planets in the night sky for many years?

4. The seasons of spring, summer, fall, and winter repeat in a pattern

Which statement provides the best evidence that Earth revolves around the sun?

3. Remain the same

As Earth revolves in orbit from its January position to its July position, the angle between its axis and orbital plane will

3. Perpendicular to the plane of Earth's orbit

An angle of 23.5 degrees is formed between the axis of Earth and a line

4. 0

At 40 degrees N latitude, how many days a year is the sun directly overhead at noon?

1. 0 degrees

At which location below would the sun produce an angle of 23.5 degrees relative to an observer's head, at noon on June 21?

4. A lunar eclipse

During which event does our moon receive the least amount of sunlight?

1. New moon

During which phase of the moon do solar eclipses occur?

4. The sun would revolve around Earth

In the geocentric model, which motion would occur?

1. Tide

In the open ocean, a bulge of water two to three feet high that follows the moon's movement around Earth is a

3. 30 degrees

Ship X and ship Y are sailing along the equator. The difference in local solar time between their locations is 2 hours. What is their difference in longitude?

4. Revolution of Earth around the sun

Some stars that can be seen in New York State on a summer night cannot be seen on a winter night. This fact is a result of the

3. March 21

To a person located at 43 degrees North latitude, the sun appears to rise due east on

2. Revolves around the sun

To an observer on Earth, the planet Venus does not appear at one fixed position among the stars because Venus

1. The motions of Earth

Traditionally, most units of time are based upon

2. Sun

Units of time are based on Earth's motion relative to other celestial objects. The year is best defined as Earth's motion relative to the

2. When the sun reaches its maximum altitude

When does local solar noon always occur for an observer in New York State?

4. Remain stationary in the sky

When observed from a location in New York State for an entire night, the North Star (Polaris) appears to

3. Earth rotating on its axis

Which motion causes the apparent rising and setting of the moon each day as seen from a location in New York State?