EMT CHAPTER 1-9 EXAM REVIEW

33 total vertebrae

- 7 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar -5 fused sacral vertebrae - 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae

(7) At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children.

10 to 18 months

(2) A critical incident stress debriefing should be conducted no longer than ____ hours following the incident.

72 hours

(7) At present the average life expectancy is ___ years, whole the maximum life expectancy is estimated at ___ years.

78, 120

(7) The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:

9 and 18 months

(6) The l0w normal systolic bp for a 30 year old is

90 mmHg

(9) What is the main difference between a group and a team regarding EMS pt care?

A team consists of groups of health care providers who are assigned specific roles working together

(3) Which of the following scenarios is an example of informed consent?

An EMT advises a patient of the risks of receiving treatment

(6) Which of the following statements regarding nervous system control of the cardiovascular system is correct?

Baroreceptors located throughout the body provide information to the brain regarding the blood pressure

(2) Your partner, a veteran EMT with whom you have worked regularly for the past four years, seems unusually agitated during a call involving an elderly pt. Upon arrival back at your station, you note the obvious smell of alcohol on his breath. What should you do?

Discreetly report your suspicions to your supervisor.

(5) You would expect a patient who is experiencing difficulty breathing to be in which of the following positions?

Fowlers

(8) You have two patients who were involved in a motor vehicle crash when their SUV struck a tree—one with neck and back pain, and the other with a deformed left femur. The patient with the deformed femur states that he does not want to be placed on a hard board, nor does he want a collar around his neck. What is the MOST appropriate and practical method of securing these patients and placing them into the ambulance?

Immobilize the patient with neck and back pain on a long backboard and place him on the wheeled stretcher; place the patient with the deformed femur on a folding stretcher secured to the squad bench.

(6) Deoxygenated blood leaved the right ventricle via which blood vessel

Pulmonary vein

(6) The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is mostly directly related to:

Shrinkage of the brain

(2) Which of the following infectious disease confers no protection from reinfection after exposure?

Syphilis

(2) You have been recently working with partner who makes negative comments about responding to calls for nonacute patients. The negative comments are elevating your stress level when you are performing your duties. Which of the following would be the least appropriate way to handle the situation?

Tell others about the comments, so that they will use peer pressure to get your partner to stop complaining

(6) What happens when blood volume is lost in the body?

The arteries contract to increase bp

(6) Which of the following statements regarding the heart is correct?

The heart is under the control of the autonomic nervous system

There are three distinct stages in the EMS provider decision-making process when deciding whether to commence or cease resuscitation attempts in OHCA.

These stages are: the call; arrival on scene; the protocol.

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts(moves downward), and the intercostal muscles contract (expands rib cage up and out)

This causes the thoracic cavity to expand, creating a negative pressure, which results in air rushing in.

(3) You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle-versus-pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13-year-old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do?

Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital

(9) You and your partner are caring for a pt and it is your turn to be the primary patient care provider. You and the EMT partner have a difference of opinion regarding the best technique for splinting a fracture. Your partner is adamant about wanted to use her technique. The proposed technique does seem like it will accomplish successful splinting of the injury. Which of the following is the most appropriate action to take?

Use your partner's technique because you believe it will be successful and you don't want to argue in front of the patient

The V/Q ratio is the amount of air that reaches your alveoli divided by the amount of blood flow in the capillaries in your lungs.

V/Q is ventilation perfusion, pulmonary embolism

(6) Negative-pressure breathing involves:

a drop in pressure within the chest cavity

(6) Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following except:

a reduction in tidal volume

(8) A folding or portable stretcher is MOST beneficial when

a second patient must be transported on the squad bench of the ambulance

(6) The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:

acetabulum

(2) GAS is characterized by which of the following phrases?

alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery

(5) A trauma patient has a gunshot wound to the left side of the chest, away from the nipple. How should the injury location be described?

anterolateral

Acting in such a way as to make another person fear immediate bodily harm is called:

assault

(8) An EMT might injure his or her back, even if it is straight if the:

back is bent forward at the hips

(4) any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed location is called a:

base station

(8) The most appropriate carrying device to use when a patient across rough or uneven terrain is the:

basket stretcher

The EMT is assessing a man who fell and struck his head. The patient is a known alcoholic and has the odor of alcohol on his breath. The EMT assumes the man is drunk and does not assess for signs and symptoms of a head injury. This is an example of:

bias

You are treating male patient who has been in a fight at a local bar. The pt has an altered mental status and a large hematoma on his forehead. Bystanders state that the pt had been drinking alcohol all day. You transport the pt to the local hospital where staff determine that his altered level of consciousness is the result of hypoglycemia and not the head injury. Tunnel vision in pt can result from:

bias

(7) An infants blood pressure typically increases with age because:

blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight

(9) Health care teams that infrequently train and work together

can create delays in pt care

(6) Mean arterial pressure is a product of

cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance

(6) The largest portion of the brain is the ___, which is commonly referred to as the "gray matter."

cerebrum

(6) The descending aorta branches into the:

common iliac arteries

(6) Stimulation of alpha-adrenergic results in:

constriction of blood vessels

(2) You are assessing a women who was thrown from a horse. She is located in a large field and you can see that a thunderstorm is rapidly approaching. Suddenly, you fell your skin begin to tingle and the hair on your arms stands on end. The ambu is located about 30 yards away. You should:

crouch down in a position so that only your feet are touching the ground

(3) Putrefaction is defined as:

decomposition of the body's tissues.

(6) The phrase of the cardiac cycle in while the ventricles fill with blood is called:

diastole

(2) Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following except:

distrust of EMTs

(6) The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the:

dorsalis pedis

(3) Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?

duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damaged, and causation

(9) In an interdependent group, when one person fails

everyone fails

(6) Which of the following are central pulses?

femoral and carotid

(7) Mental function often begin to decline within___ years before death.

five

(6) The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:

foramen magnum

(6) The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the

greater trochanter

(3) You are dispatched to the residence of a person who frequently calls 911 for nonemergency care. You should:

have the dispatcher contact law enforcement before you respond

(2) Characteristics of eustress following dispatch to a high-speed motor vehicle collision may include:

increased self-image and performing well under a challenging situation

(8) IN contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a bariatric stretcher include:

increased stability from a wider wheelbase

(7) In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:

increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in alveoli

(2) While providing care to a pt. blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterwards, a virus was transmitted to another EMT several days later. Which route of transmission does this scenario describe?

indirect contact

(1) According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, and EMT would require special permission from the medical director and the state EMS office to:

insert a peripheral intravenous catheter

(8) When carrying a patient on a backboard up or downstairs:

keep the head elevated

(8) First rule of safe lifting

keep your back in a straight, vertical position.

(6) Pulmonary congestion would be caused by obstructing flow to which of the following areas?

left ventricle

(2) You are dispatched to the scene of a crash involving a large tanker truck. While you are en route, dispatch advises you that there are multiple patients and the fire department is en route as well. As you approach the scene:

maintain a safe distance and try to read the placard with binoculars

(6) The distal aspect of the tibia forms the:

medial malleolus

(6) If a patient;s chest barely moved during inhalation, even if the pat's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

minute volume is decreased

Subjective, Objective, Assessment and Plan (SOAP)

note is an acronym representing a widely used method of documentation for healthcare providers.

(1) Standing order and protocols describe?

off-line

(9) You are assigned to a partner that you have not worked with before. They are a new EMT but explain to you that they have driven large trucks before, so they are comfortable driving the ambulance with limited supervision. What type of decision trap might this individual be susceptible to?

overconfidence

(8) When moving a conscious, weak patient down a flight of stairs, you should:

place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair

(3) You and your partner are the first to arrive at a potential crime scene with a critically injured patient involved. The scene is safe. Your first priority is to:

provide immediate pt care

(5) In relation to the wrist, the elbow is:

proximal

(5) relative to the ankle, the knee is

proximal

(6) Deoxygenated blood leaves the right ventricle via which blood vessels?

pulmonary arteries

(6) The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the

pulmonary vein

(8) After applying medical restraints to a combative patient, you should

remove them only after hospital personnel have requested you to do so

(6) The amount of air that remains in the lungs simply to keep them open is called the:

residual volume

(6) How does respiration differ from ventilation

respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the simple movement of air between the lungs and the environment

(6) The ___ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis

sacrum

(4) Which type of communication equipment functions as a radio receiver and searched across several frequencies?

scanner

(6) The large flat, triangular bone that overlies the posterior thoracic wall is called the:

scapula

(3) The care that an EMT is able to provide is most commonly defined as:

scope of practice

(7) In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child

shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection

(4) Two way communication that requires that EMT to "push to talk" and "release to listen" describes which mode of communication?

simplex

(6) The axial skeleton is composed of the:

skull, face, thorax and vertebral column

(9) When the EMT assists a paramedic with an advanced intervention, he or she should recall that the focus of the intervention is on:

solving a clinical problem

(6) Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated by the:

somatic nervous system

(3) The manner in which the EMT must act or behave when caring for a patient is called the

standard of care

(3) rigor mortis

stiffness of the body that sets in several hours after death

(6) Cardiac output is affected by:

stroke volume and heart rate

(4) While interview a patient, she says she is 2 months pregnant. Where would you document this information when using the SOAP method?

subjective

(2) Which of the following is an appropriate fatigue management strategy?

take 20-30 mins naps when able during shift

(9) Which of the following is not a component of the verbal report for the transfer of patient care?

team debrief

(2) According to the CDC, recommended immunizations and tests include a:

tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis booster every 10 years

(4) After being dispatched on an emergency call, you should expect the dispatcher to provide you with all of the following information, EXCEPT: the nature of the injury, illness, or incident. the number of patients involved in the incident. other agencies that are responding to the scene.

the geographical location of the incident

(2) If exposed to a pt's blood or other bodily fluid, your first action should be to:

transfer care of pt to another EMS provider

(6) The smooth muscles that case the artery to contract are found in the:

tunica media

(6) In an otherwise healthy adult blood loss would cause:

vascular constriction and tachycardia

(6) In an otherwise healthy adult, blood loss would cause,

vascular constriction and tachycardia

(2) Critical incident stress management can occur at an ongoing scene in all the following circumstances except:

when pt are actively being assessed and treated

(9) In an independent group, you would have:

your own work area