EMT Chapter 35 Test

A confused unrestrained male struck the steering wheel with his abdomen.​ Currently, he is complaining of generalized abdominal pain and rates it a​ 6/10. Assessment indicates red marks across his lower abdomen caused by the steering wheel. His pulse is​ 140, respirations​ 18, blood pressure​ 108/88, and SpO2 at​ 94%. He looks pale with moist skin. Which of the following is most appropriate when providing oxygen to this​ patient? A. 15 liters per minute through nonrebreather B. 2 liters per minute through a nasal cannula C. 8 liters per minute through a simple face mask D. Oxygen can be withheld due to the SpO2 reading.

A

A female patient who suffered a straddle injury while trying to balance on top of a chain link fence continues to bleed from the vaginal area despite your initial attempt to control the hemorrhage. At this​ time, you​ would: A. place another dressing over the first and maintain direct pressure. B. apply an ice pack wrapped in a towel to the genital area. C. clean the area with sterile saline and reapply direct pressure. D. gently put sterile gauze dressings into the opening of the vaginal canal.

A

A patient has referred pain to her left shoulder. Which of the following should the EMT​ suspect? A. Hemorrhage from the spleen B. Rupture of the small intestine C. Damage to the gallbladder D. Trauma to the right kidney

A

A​ 16-year-old male has been struck in the genitalia by a baseball. Assessment indicates a tremendous amount of edema as well as hematoma formation and bruising to his scrotum. The primary assessment reveals no​ life-threatening conditions;​ however, he is crying and rates the pain as a​ 10/10. Which one of the following is most appropriate for this​ patient? A. Placing cool compresses to the testicles B. Application of warm packs to the scrotum C. Applying direct pressure to the site of injury D. Rapid transport using lights and sirens

A

A​ 45-year-old female was at a family reunion and fell off a trampoline. She hit a picnic table with the left side of her lower rib cage and is now very anxious and confused. Her airway is open and her breathing adequate. Her radial pulse is rapid and weak and her skin is cool and diaphoretic. Vital signs​ are: pulse​ 132, respirations​ 20, blood pressure​ 102/78 mmHg, and SpO2​ 97%. She has ecchymosis to the left lower rib area as well as tenderness and instability. She also has a superficial abrasion to her forehead. Given these​ findings, you would suspect and treat her for what​ condition? A. Hypovolemic shock B. Hypoxia C. Closed head injury D. Spinal shock

A

A​ middle-aged male has sustained blunt force trauma to the abdomen resulting in an isolated tear and perforation of the large intestine. When following up on the​ patient, which of the following should the EMT not​ suppose, given the organ that was​ injured? A. The patient developed an infection. B. The patient suffered from severe internal bleeding. C. The patient rapidly decompensated into shock. D. The patient has profound hypoxia.

A

Which one of the following injuries is most likely to cause​ peritonitis? A. Stab wound to the small intestine B. Contusion to the pancreas C. Bullet injury to the liver D. Blunt trauma to the spleen

A

Which​ organ or​ structure, if​ seriously​ injured, would cause the most​ rapid​ death? A. Vena cava B. Spleen C. Large intestine D. Stomach

A

You have been called for a deeply disturbed psychiatric patient who has cut off the tip of his penis with a steak knife. Assessment reveals the​ 31-year-old male to be​ crying, with blood noted to his hands and pants. The primary assessment reveals no life threats and Emergency Medical Responders are applying oxygen to the patient. At this​ time, your priority is​ to: A. control the bleeding. B. place the amputated penis in sterile water. C. prevent the patient from urinating. D. determine why the patient cut himself.

A

A patient has been assaulted and sustained blunt trauma to the abdomen. As you start the primary​ assessment, you note that he is vomiting blood and you begin to suction him immediately. After the airway has been​ suctioned, you​ should: A. administer oxygen with a nonrebreather face mask. B. check the​ patient's respirations. C. examine the abdomen for specific injuries. D. obtain a full set of vital signs.

B

A patient suffering blunt trauma to the abdomen has a lacerated liver. Which of the following represents the most immediate threat to​ life? A. Infection B. Hemorrhage C. Peritonitis D. Pain

B

A​ 74-year-old female is complaining of abdominal pain after falling down five stairs and hitting her abdomen and left hand on a mailbox at the bottom. She also states pain to her left wrist and right​ ankle, both of which show obvious deformity. She is alert and​ oriented, and her abdomen is free of bruising but is tender to the left upper and lower quadrants. Her vital signs​ are: pulse​ 132, respirations​ 22, blood pressure​ 106/86, and SpO2 at​ 93%. Oxygen has been​ applied, and she is fully immobilized. Advanced life support has been requested and is 12 minutes away. What is your next​ action? A. Immobilize the wrist and ankle. B. Initiate immediate transport. C. Monitor the patient and wait for ALS assistance. D. Apply ice to the wrist and ankle.

B

If the patient has sustained an abdominal evisceration the EMT​ should: A. have the patient lie flat. B. cover the wound with a moist dressing followed by an occlusive dressing. C. administer four baby aspirins. D. administer oxygen with a nasal cannula.

B

What is the danger of penetrating trauma to the lower quadrants in a male​ patient? A. The patient may become constipated and get obstructed. B. A full urinary bladder will leak bacteria and waste products. C. The liver could get injured. D. The stomach may be injured.

B

You are assessing a young male patient who was assaulted with a baseball bat and struck once on the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. You would recognize the patient as having​ Kehr's sign when he makes what​ statement? A. ​"I am having a hard time​ breathing!" B. ​"My left shoulder is killing​ me!" C. ​"It really hurts for me to​ breathe..." D. ​"My belly hurts really​ bad..."

B

You have arrived on the scene of an assault involving a knife. Assessment of the unresponsive​ 21-year-old male reveals him to have sustained multiple lacerations to the arms and​ abdomen, with a section of his intestine protruding through a large laceration in the area around the umbilicus. He has lost a significant amount of blood. His airway is open and he is breathing poorly at a rate of 28 breaths per minute. His radial pulse is​ weak, and his skin is cool and pale. Which one of the following should the EMT do​ first? A. Immobilize to a long board. B. Start positive pressure ventilation. C. Check the blood pressure. D. Cover the intestine with​ saline-soaked gauze.

B

A patient has suffered an abdominal evisceration. There is no evidence of spinal injury. How should you place the patient on the​ stretcher? A. ​Semi-Fowler's, to promote adequate breathing B. ​Prone, to maintain pressure on the abdomen C. ​Supine, with knees flexed to his chest D. Lateral recumbent with legs extended

C

A patient with severe retroperitoneal bleeding from an organ located within this​ cavity, has most likely injured​ her: A. large intestine. B. stomach. C. kidney. D. liver.

C

The EMT has fundamental understanding of abdominal trauma when he​ states: A. ​"Injury to the hollow organs tends to be worse than the solid organs because of the increased potential for blood​ loss." B. ​"Injury to the solid organs like the bladder tend to be more lethal than injury to of hollow​ organs." C. ​"Blunt trauma tends to be more lethal than penetrating trauma because of the large number of organs​ affected." D. ​"Evisceation injuries can be recognized by​ dark-colored bruising over the top of the injury​ site."

C

You are transporting a female patient who was sexually assaulted by having a foreign body inserted deep into her vagina. You are attempting to control hemorrhage by the appropriate means. As you reassess the​ patient, which one of the following is of most​ concern? A. Pain increases from a​ 7/10 to​ 10/10. B. Large blood clots are forming at the vaginal entrance. C. Heart rate increases from 116 to 140 per minute. D. Patient informs you she has a sexually transmitted disease.

C

You are transporting a male patient with a deep stab wound to the​ groin, with damage also noted to the genitalia. The patient is alert and​ oriented, albeit restless. Vital signs on scene were pulse​ 136, respirations​ 20, blood pressure​ 106/64, and SpO2​ 96%. Oxygen is being administered through a nonrebreathing face mask. On​ reassessment, what sign would be most concerning to the​ EMT? A. Heart rate of 124 beats per minute B. SpO2 remaining at​ 96% despite O2 therapy C. Blood pressure​ 108/90 mmHg D. ​Patient's urge to void

C

You are transporting an alert and oriented male who sustained severe abdominal trauma in an assault. The primary survey indicates a patent airway with respirations between 22 to 24 a minute. He has a rapid and weak radial pulse of 144 beats per minute and his skin is pale and cool. The blood pressure is​ 106/84 and SpO2​ 94%. Best management of the respiratory and oxygenation parameters would​ include: A. application of a nasal cannula at 4 liters per minute O2. B. encouraging the patient to slow his respirations. C. ​high-concentration oxygen through a nonrebreather. D. positive pressure ventilation.

C

You have arrived on the scene for a patient assaulted with a baseball bat. As you​ approach, which one of the following positions would seemingly indicate that he has suffered an injury to the​ abdomen? A. Standing with restless movement and pacing B. Prone with hands on the back C. On his side with knees drawn to the chest D. Supine with legs extended and toes pointed

C

You have been called for a​ 42-year-old male complaining of back pain. On​ scene, the man tells you that he was lying on the floor when his​ 5-year-old son unexpectedly jumped feet first onto his back. He gives a medical history of high blood pressure and​ asthma, for which he takes medications. As you assess the​ patient, which one of the following signs or symptoms provides the greatest indication that the patient has sustained an abdominal​ injury? A. Bruise to his back B. Shortness of breath C. Blood in his urine D. Mild nausea

C

A patient has been shot in the abdomen. Assessment reveals that the bullet entered the body in the right upper quadrant and exited the lower right back. Given this​ finding, the EMT should assume which of the following organs may have been​ injured? A. ​Liver, gallbladder, right​ kidney, small intestine B. ​Liver, gallbladder C. ​Liver, gallbladder, right kidney D. ​Liver, gallbladder, right​ kidney, small​ intestine, pancreas

D

A patient has been stabbed in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Which organ or structure should the EMT be concerned with being​ injured? A. Pancreas B. Spleen C. Small intestine D. Liver

D

In the treatment of an abdominal evisceration the EMT should​ NOT: A. pour cold saline onto the injury site. B. allow the patient to lie with his hips flexed. C. administer​ high-concentration oxygen. D. attempt to return the loop of bowel to its original location.

D

On scene of a motor vehicle​ accident, a car has extensive​ front-end damage and a deformed steering wheel. The restrained​ driver, who was​ self-extricated, is in the care of​ EMRs, who have applied a cervical collar and continue to hold manual​ in-line spinal stabilization. The airway is patent and respirations adequate. His radial pulse is rapid and weak and skin is cool and diaphoretic. The EMRs report the following vital​ signs: pulse​ 136, respirations​ 20, blood pressure​ 100/68, and SpO2​ 98% with 15 liters of O2 being administered through a nonrebreather mask. The right forearm is​ deformed, and the​ head, chest, and upper back are uninjured according to your assessment. Your next action would be​ to: A. repeat the vital signs. B. start positive pressure ventilation. C. change the nonrebreather to a nasal cannula. D. check the abdomen for injury.

D

On​ scene, you encounter a restless patient who has been stabbed in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and complaining of abdominal pain and a dry mouth. Assessment reveals no immediate life threats to the airway or breathing. The radial pulse is rapid and weak and the skin cool and diaphoretic. Vital signs​ are: pulse​ 124, respirations​ 20, blood pressure​ 122/88, and SpO2​ 97%. The injury is isolated with no involvement of the​ head, neck, or back. In managing the scene and​ patient, what observation would cause you to immediately​ intervene? A. EMR holding manual​ in-line spinal stabilization B. EMR covering the stab wound with a nonsterile glove C. Application of​ high-concentration oxygen with SpO2 of​ 97% D. Family giving the patient water to drink

D

While cleaning a​ window, the glass broke and a sharp piece sliced the groin of a​ 43-year-old man. Assessment shows him to have a large laceration to his left​ scrotum, with a testicle exposed and protruding through the sac. Blood is pouring from the laceration and the patient rates the pain as an​ 8/10. Which of the following should be done​ first? A. Provide oxygen at 15 liters per minute. B. Call for advanced life support assistance. C. Cover the exposed testicle with moist dressing. D. Apply direct pressure to the injury.

D

While returning from a​ call, you are flagged down by a frantic family member of a​ 12-year-old male patient who reports him as being shot in the abdomen and inside the house in which she is standing. She states that the shooter is another family member who has since left the scene. What is your best course of​ action? A. Cautiously enter the house and be ready to vacate if any hazards are found. B. Go to the porch and have the patient brought to you. C. Carefully look for scene hazards and enter once you feel safe. D. Move the ambulance and wait for law enforcement to arrive.

D

You have arrived on the scene of a stabbing. As you approach the​ patient, you note that he has removed his shirt and has a single stab wound to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. At the​ patient's side, your first action should be​ to: A. provide oxygen via nonrebreather face mask. B. quickly look for additional stab wounds. C. cover the wound with a nonporous dressing. D. examine the​ patient's airway.

D

You have been called for a male patient who has been shot. Assessment reveals an entrance wound to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. An exit wound to the left upper back is also located. Which of the following should you do​ immediately? A. Auscultate the​ patient's breath sounds. B. Cover the abdominal wound with​ saline-soaked gauze. C. Place a cervical collar on the patient. D. Cover the exit wound with a gloved hand.

D

You have just arrived on the scene of a very serious motor vehicle collision. Emergency Medical Responders​ (EMRs) have rapidly extricated an unresponsive female from the​ driver's seat. The EMRs report that she was unrestrained and struck the steering wheel with her chest and abdomen. As you start the primary​ assessment, you note that she has snoring respirations and is breathing shallowly at a rate of 24 breaths per minute. Which one of the following should you do​ next? A. Immobilize her to the backboard. B. Start positive pressure ventilation. C. Obtain her vital signs. D. Perform a​ jaw-thrust maneuver.

D