EMT - Prehospital Emergency Care: Part 6: Assessment: Chapter 13: Patient Assessment
How many points are assigned for a GCS of 3 when a Revised Trauma Score is being computed?
0
Which of the following is a late sign of a possible skull injury?
Battle sign
When assessing the head in a trauma patient and specifically in assessing the nose, what would be considered a critical finding relating to the nose?
Bleeding
When you are treating a patient who is unstable, you should reassess the patient's condition at LEAST once every how many minutes?
5
What is the highest numerical value assigned to verbal response in computing the GCS?
5 points
If you are computing a Revised Trauma Score and the patient's GCS score is 9 with a respiratory rate of 32/min, a blood pressure of 80 systolic, and a heart rate of 114, what is the patient's total revised trauma score?
9 - According to the parameters for the Revised Trauma Score, the patient would receive a 3 for his GCS score, a 3 for the respiratory rate, and a 3 for the systolic blood pressure. This totals 9 points (the heart rate is not included in the computation). OK
Which of the following would LEAST likely be a significant mechanism of injury for a child?
A bicycle wreck in the front yard on the grass
Which of the following adult patients should the EMT classify as critical solely on the basis of the mechanism of injury?
A patient with a penetrating injury to the head after crashing a motorcycle
Which of the following patients is MOST critical and in greatest need of ALS rendezvous while being transported rapidly to the hospital?
A patient with a tension pneumothorax
Which one of the following injuries found during the modified physical examination would NOT cause the EMT to shift to performing a head-to-toe physical examination?
A patient with shoulder pain after a fall onto an outstretched arm
While performing a rapid trauma assessment of a patient, you note a clear fluid leaking from the ears. This can indicate what significant injury?
A possible skull fracture
Which of the following conditions would cause the EMT to perform a head-to-toe secondary assessment when the patient has no significant mechanism of injury?
A sudden decline in the patient's mental status
During the assessment of the vital signs during the secondary assessment, for which assessment parameter will the EMT typically use a stethoscope?
Blood pressure
You are conducting the secondary assessment of an elderly woman who fell on the ice while getting her mail. She stated that she knocked the wind out of herself when she fell. Which one of the focused examinations would LEAST likely contribute to your assessment?
Cardiovascular
Which of the following is considered a significant mechanism of injury for a child?
Collision in which the child wasn't restrained
Why should the EMT ask the patient about the chief complaint during the reassessment phase?
Determine the continued existence of the original complaint or arising of new complaints.
During your secondary assessment of a patient who was injured while skiing, you remove her snow pants and find a puncture wound that is bleeding heavily. What critical intervention should you perform immediately?
Direct pressure on the bleed
What would be a critical finding in an unresponsive medical patient that the EMT would likely identify during the rapid secondary assessment?
Distended abdomen
After the scene size-up, what is the next phase of assessment, which focuses on finding and managing life-threatening conditions?
Primary assessment
You should administer oxygen via face mask or cannula to an adequately breathing patient with:
a pulse oximeter reading of 92 percent and chest discomfort.
An absence of breathing is called:
apnea.
The absence of breathing identified by NO chest wall movement is called:
apnea.
You arrive on scene to find an 18-year-old man with an abdominal evisceration. Following a systematic assessment routine, you should next
assess the airway.
The modified secondary assessment of a responsive medical patient begins with:
assessing the history. - When completing the secondary assessment for the responsive medical patient, you will gather the history from the patient first, then conduct the physical examination, and finally obtain the vital signs. The history comes first for the responsive medical patient for two reasons: (1) The most valuable information on a medical condition in the prehospital setting usually comes from what the patient can tell you about how he feels, and (2) it is important to get information from the patient before he possibly becomes unresponsive. OK
While performing a rapid secondary assessment, why should the EMT NOT focus solely on the complaints the patient has?
The pain the patient is experiencing may not correlate with the most critical injury.
Which of the following is included in the secondary assessment of an unresponsive trauma patient?
The head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities, and posterior aspect of the body; pulse, blood pressure, respiration, and pulse oximetry
What is the purpose of repeating the assessment of your patient's chief complaint during the reassessment phase?
To determine the effectiveness of your treatment plan
Why should the EMT follow an organized patient assessment format?
To ensure that patient problems are found and managed appropriately
Which of the following is considered to be a critical finding of the neck in your unresponsive medical patient?
Tracheal tugging
The FIRST step in the primary assessment of the patient involves:
forming the general impression.
You are working part time as an EMS instructor at a local community college. During one of your lectures about how to do a patient assessment, a student asks you what the real purpose of the primary survey is. You would explain that the purpose of the primary survey is:
identify and manage life-threatening injuries or conditions immediately.
Major bleeding should be controlled
immediately.
During reassessment, you determine that your stable cardiac patient has suddenly begun to deteriorate rapidly. In addition to evaluating your treatment plan, you may also wish to:
increase your transport priority.
When conducting the secondary assessment on a trauma patient, you should check the neck for puncture wounds, vertebral tenderness, obvious deformities, and:
jugular vein distention.
If the patient has been injured, the EMT should first attempt to determine the:
mechanism of injury.
The type of medical condition or complaint a patient is suffering from is referred to as the:
nature of illness.
Forming a general impression of your patient includes each of the following, EXCEPT:
obtaining a set of vital signs.
It is important to form a general impression of every patient you care for, as it provides valuable information about the patient's condition. Forming a general impression includes:
obtaining the patient's chief complaint.
A gurgling sound may indicate a liquid substance in the airway. You should immediately:
open the mouth and suction out the contents.
During the primary assessment, you should be looking for conditions that require immediate management as found. These may include:
open wounds to the chest that may disrupt thoracic pressures.
You are conducting the secondary assessment on a trauma patient who has fallen off a ladder onto a concrete floor. When assessing the pelvis of this patient, you should determine the presence or absence of wounds, deformities, and:
pain.
When conducting the secondary assessment on a trauma patient whose upper body was under a car that fell on him, you should check the chest for superficial wounds, punctures, and:
paradoxical chest motion.
All of the following assessment findings are indications for a 10-minute-or-less on-scene time and rapid transport, EXCEPT:
puncture wound to the forearm with controlled bleeding.
During the primary assessment, you are listening for sounds that may indicate partial airway obstruction. Each of the following may be heard in the patient with partial obstruction, EXCEPT:
rales or crackles.
A critical trauma patient should
receive a rapid secondary assessment.
Significant mechanisms of injury for an adult include:
seatbelt injuries noted to the abdomen and shoulder areas.
Reassessing your stable patient's chief complaint while en route to the hospital will enable you to NOT only establish his response to your treatment, but also:
the presence of any additional complaints.
The SAMPLE history would likely be difficult to obtain from the critically injured trauma patient or:
the unresponsive medical patient.
You have established manual in-line cervical-spine stabilization of an unconscious trauma patient. You may release manual stabilization:
when immobilization has been completed with straps and the CID.
You arrive at the scene of an "unknown emergency" and find an elderly man sitting on a toilet making incomprehensible sounds when you ask him why EMS was called. This means that:
you will have to speak with the family to get the chief complaint.
When assessing scene safety, the FIRST priority is:
your personal safety.
Forming your general impression of the patient can essentially be characterized as:
your view from the door before you start your physical exam.
You are conducting a primary assessment. You find that your patient does NOT respond to a sternal rub or pinching the web between the thumb and index finger. You determine that his mental status is:
"U" for unresponsive.
Which is the BEST question to ask to obtain a chief complaint from the patient who summoned EMS at 6:30 A.M.?
"Why did you call EMS today?"
What is the minimum pulse ox reading the EMT wants to maintain in the medical patient with spontaneous breathing?
94%
What are the important assessment parameters in determining the circulation status in a 25-year-old male who was shot in the leg, after the major bleed was controlled?
Color, temperature, and condition of the skin
While teaching an EMT class at a local EMS program, you are discussing the difference between the secondary assessment of a responsive patient and of an unresponsive patient. A student asks you why the history is obtained first when the patient is responsive. How do you respond?
Often, the history provides more information that identifies the underlying problem than the physical exam does.
While assessing the pulse in a patient as you determine the vitals, which of the following should you be sure to ascertain?
Rate, location, strength, and regularity
If you are computing a Revised Trauma Score, and the patient's GCS score is 14 with a respiratory rate of 30/min, his blood pressure is 102 systolic, and his heart rate is 104, what is the patient's total revised trauma score?
11 - According to the parameters for the Revised Trauma Score, the patient would receive a "4" for his GCS score, a "3" for the respiratory rate, and a "4" for the systolic blood pressure. This totals 11 points (the heart rate is not included in the computation). OK
What is the highest numerical value that is assigned to eye opening when computing the GCS?
4 points - The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to rank the patient's level of consciousness by assigning a numeric score from 3 to 15. It evaluates the patient's best eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. The maximum amount of points for eye opening is 4 points, the best verbal response is 5 points, and the best motor response is 6 points. OK
While you are performing the focused physical examination of a patient who had a minor injury from an insignificant mechanism, you find yourself becoming more and more uncertain about whether the patient is more critical than he is presenting currently. What should you do?
Abandon the focused secondary assessment and quickly perform a complete secondary assessment.
Management of which of the following can be delayed until the primary assessment is complete?
Abdominal evisceration
You are treating a patient with a primary complaint of dizziness and nausea. The patient had an initial pulse oximeter of 96 percent upon arrival, but now the value is 93 percent. Additionally, the heart rate has increased from 96/min to 104/min, and the respirations are currently 22/min. The blood pressure is unchanged. What intervention should the EMT provide to the patient?
Administer oxygen by nasal cannula.
What should the EMT do if a patient is complaining of dyspnea, has ashen nail beds, and has a pulse ox of 95 percent on room air?
Administer oxygen.
During the secondary assessment of a medical patient who is alert and oriented, complaining of nausea and vomiting, when should the EMT perform a modified secondary assessment of the abdomen?
After completing the OPQRST on the chief complaint - For the responsive medical patient, you will gather the history from the patient first, then conduct the physical exam and obtain the vital signs. The history comes first for the responsive medical patient for two reasons: (1) the most valuable information on a medical condition in the prehospital setting usually comes from what the patient can tell you about how he feels; and (2) it is important to get information from the patient before he possibly, becomes unresponsive. OK
During the rapid secondary assessment of an unresponsive medical patient, when would be a good time for the EMT to assess for abnormal breath sounds?
After inspecting the chest - When assessing the chest during the secondary, start by inspecting the chest for adequate rise and fall, retraction of the intercostal muscles, and symmetrical movement. You should then auscultate the breath sounds at the second intercostal space at the midclavicular line and at the fourth or fifth intercostal space at the midaxillary line. Compare the breath sounds from side to side. Since the assessment should be systematic, breath sounds would not be done before assessing the pupils or after obtaining the vitals or finding a pulse ox below 94 percent. They should be obtained after inspection of the chest is done during the rapid secondary assessment. OK
While assessing a patient with non-traumatic chest pain that is not cardiac in nature, when should the EMT perform the focused physical exam?
After obtaining the patient history -For the medical patient who is alert, oriented, and stable, the EMT should perform the secondary assessment in the following order: obtain the history, complete the modified secondary assessment, and obtain vitals. OK
During a rapid secondary assessment of a patient with critical injuries, when are the vitals taken?
After the rapid head-to-toe physical exam
open wounds to the chest that may disrupt thoracic pressures.
Airway occlusion
While conducting reassessments of your unresponsive medical patient, which of the following merits MOST of your attention?
Airway patency
During reassessment of your responsive medical patient, AVPU would refer to assessment of what patient parameter?
Mental status
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the rapid secondary assessment?
Any critical finding identified in the primary assessment makes the patient unstable and a candidate for a rapid secondary assessment.
Which of the following steps will the EMT NOT include in the secondary assessment of a patient with a traumatic injury?
Apply personal protection.
Which of the following is not part of the neurological assessment that the EMT would perform during the body systems approach?
Ask the patient about any bowel or bladder changes.
You are conducting an assessment on a 19-year-old female who is extremely distressed after learning her grandfather died in an auto accident about 30 minutes prior. You find NO threats in the primary survey, and you are now ready to begin the secondary survey. What should you do FIRST for this responsive medical patient?
Assess the OPQRST.
Your patient is found unresponsive and appears to be a high priority. During your assessment of the circulatory status, where and in what order should you evaluate the pulses?
Assess the radial and then the carotid.
You arrive on scene and complete the scene size-up on an unresponsive patient. What should you consider doing next?
Assess the patient's airway patency.
In completing a modified assessment of the lower extremities of a stable patient's who fell, what should the EMT be sure to include?
Assessment of the PMS
When determining the mental status during the primary assessment, what is typically determined FIRST in the patient?
Spontaneously alert
After your secondary assessment of a medical patient who is unresponsive, you determine that the patient has a heart rate of 102/min, respirations of 20/min, a pulse ox reading of 94 percent, and inspiratory crackles. Which of these findings is the most critical finding?
Crackles
Which of the following assessments would suggest that a patient is having trouble breathing, even though the patient is unresponsive and cannot tell you whether she is having trouble breathing?
Crackles upon auscultation
Once the scene is safe and controlled, you prepare to begin the primary assessment of the patient. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the primary assessment?
Critical conditions identified during the primary assessment must be treated immediately as found.
You are called to a scene for an unresponsive patient. As you approach the patient, it appears he is in cardiac arrest. Given this assumption, what assessment parameter should you determine FIRST?
If a pulse is present
When should the EMT perform a rapid secondary assessment on a trauma patient?
If the patient has an altered mental status
When is the reassessment phase typically performed on the patient?
En route to the hospital
How often should a reassessment be performed on a patient who presents stable?
Every 15 minutes
The EMT has completed the assessment of the airway and breathing components of the primary assessment. During the assessment of the circulatory system, which finding would be managed immediately?
External arterial bleeding
Which of the following findings is consistent with a "stable" patient?
GCS 15
Which of the following findings, individually, would be sufficient to classify a trauma patient as a high priority?
GCS of 12 - The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to rank the patient's level of consciousness by assigning a numeric score from 3 to 15. This scoring tool is used in emergency medical services to identify trends of improvement or deterioration in the patient's mental status. The GCS score is widely accepted, is reproducible, and can be reported and recorded as evidence of the mental status trending. A GCS score of 8 or less indicates a severe alteration in brain function. A GCS score of 13 or less is an indication of patient criticality and the EMT should limit on-scene time (less than 10 minutes) and rapidly transport. History of thoracic trauma does not immediately mean that the patient is critical unless the trauma has resulted in a significant pulmonary injury. OK
You receive a call for an unresponsive male patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor of his home near a fallen ladder and some hand tools. Given the information gained thus far, what would be your initial thought about the patient's condition?
He has suffered a trauma.
You are assessing a 21-year-old female who is complaining of sharp and severe chest pain and shortness of breath. She states it started during her daily five-mile run. Her vitals are respirations of 32, pulse of 126, and blood pressure of 106/72 with an SPO2 of 94 percent. What is her treatment priority?
High priority
Your patient was struck in the head by a golf ball while watching a golfing event. The patient experienced NO loss of consciousness. His airway is patent, breathing is regular, and the peripheral pulse is absent. The patient keeps asking you "What happened?" repeatedly. Given this, what would be your priority status determination?
High priority
What is the first component that is performed in completing the secondary assessment of a medical patient who is alert and oriented?
History
What is the first portion of the secondary assessment for a medical patient who is responsive and stable?
History
What would be the last component of assessment that the EMT would ascertain in completing a secondary assessment on a stable trauma patient who is complaining of pain to the shoulder after playing football in the backyard?
History - For the patient who has an injury that is not critical, a mechanism that is not significant, or a finding that is not making them unstable, the EMT should perform the secondary assessment in the following order: modified secondary assessment, vitals, and history. Although obtaining breath sounds may be done during the secondary assessment, it is not the last phase of the assessment (it is usually done during the assessment of the thorax during the physical examination). OK
At what point would the EMT consider the administration of oxygen to a patient with chest pain and tachycardia?
If the pulse oximeter dropped below 94 percent - In the patient who is breathing adequately, oxygen administration is based on signs and symptoms of hypoxia, hypoxemia, poor perfusion, heart failure, or respiratory distress; complaint of dyspnea; and the SpO2 reading. If oxygen is to be administered, it is done at a low concentration, usually delivered by a nasal cannula at 2 to 4 lpm and titrated to achieve an SpO2 of 94 percent or greater. Since this patient has had an objective decrease in his oxygen saturation level to a value less than 94 percent, that alone can serve as an indication for the administration of oxygen.
If during your primary assessment, you note blood or secretions in the mouth and the patient is gurgling, what should you do NEXT?
Immediately suction the airway and clear any secretions.
You are treating a patient whose hand and arm were entrapped in a piece of equipment, causing a crushing injury. The patient's coworkers extricated him before your arrival, and there was no associated fall, unresponsiveness, or trauma elsewhere in the body. What type of immobilization will this patient likely receive?
Immobilization to the arm and hand
You are called for a patient with an injury to the foot. When you arrive you find the patient standing on his porch, leaning against the rail, and holding his foot in the air by flexing the leg. The patient states he was doing yard work when he dropped a large stepping stone on his foot. There was neither an associated fall nor other findings of trauma or disability. During your management of this patient, how will he be immobilized?
Immobilize the foot, but not the body.
If, during the assessment of an unresponsive medical patient, you find that the patient has no pulse, what should you do next?
Initiate chest compressions.
Which of the following is true about a systematic assessment?
It ensures consistency.
What is the purpose of computing the Revised Trauma Score?
It is a numerical way to identify the severity of trauma.
When assessing the chest, where should the EMT listen to breath sounds at bilaterally?
Just below the second rib at the midclavicular line and just below the fourth rib at the midaxillary line.
What is typically one of the initial interventions provided, once EMS arrives, for an unresponsive patient who has been injured by a fall?
Manual stabilization of the cervical spine
In performing a secondary assessment on a trauma patient for whom no critical findings were identified in the primary assessment, in what order should the EMT complete the steps?
Modified secondary assessment, vital signs, history - The performance of a secondary assessment includes the obtaining of vitals, performing a physical examination, and obtaining a history. For the trauma patient that is stable with no critical findings, the EMT should perform the steps in the following order: modified secondary assessment, vital signs and history. The secondary assessment is done in this order because the physical examination of a trauma patient will yield more information that will help to determine how to treat the patient than the history likely will. OK
Which of the following can indicate that the EMT should conduct a full secondary assessment rather than a modified secondary assessment in a patient with no significant mechanism of injury?
More injuries exist than the patient complains of.
What component of the body system approach in the secondary assessment would be most important for a patient who fell from a ladder as he tried to clean out the gutters of his home?
Musculoskeletal
You have a patient who was kicked in the abdomen by a horse when the patient was walking behind it. The patient is conscious with abdominal complaints. Which of the following abdominal complaints is NOT a critical finding?
Nausea - During the secondary assessment of a trauma patient with an abdominal injury, the EMT should consider the following findings to be critical: severe abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness on palpation, discoloration of the abdomen, especially in the flank areas or around the navel, abdominal rigidity, and a distended abdomen. Nausea is not critical because it can be found with many types of emergencies, and is not a complaint that causes derangement of the airway, breathing, or circulation components. OK
You are assessing a 25-year-old male who was struck in the head by a piece of heavy metal while at work and had a brief moment of unresponsiveness. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and complaining of a headache. Which body system, at a minimum, would it be necessary to examine during your secondary assessment?
Neurological
What process would you use to further evaluate the chief complaint of the responsive medical patient?
OPQRST
Which of the following terms means closed or blocked?
Occluded
For the mnemonic OPQRST, what is indicted by the "O" in relation to the medical patient?
Onset
Which of the following findings would be considered critical in assessing the chest of a patient during the secondary assessment?
Open chest wound
Which of the following should be treated during the primary assessment?
Open chest wound
Following a drug overdose, your patient has sonorous upper airway sounds and is ashen in color. Breathing is labored, and the pulse is weak. What intervention listed below should the EMT provide FIRST?
Open the airway manually.
Which of the following steps is not part of the scene size-up?
Opening the airway of a patient who is in cardiac arrest
The driver of a vehicle was ejected during a collision and sustained multiple injuries. Which of the following injuries requires immediate intervention?
Paradoxical chest movement
Which of the following is most likely to produce critical injuries in an adult patient?
Partial ejection from a vehicle that was involved in an automobile crash
During your assessment of a patient suspected of having a stroke, you find that you have to pinch the nail beds or the trapezius muscle in order for him to have a muscular response. This is what type of stimuli response in accordance with the AVPU scale?
Patient responds to painful stimuli.
What is the critical intervention that must be provided to a patient who suddenly went unresponsive and has no palpable carotid pulse during the secondary assessment?
Perform CPR.
You are conducting an assessment on a 39-year-old obese male who has significant chest pain and an extensive cardiac history. You find NO threats to the primary survey, and you are working through your secondary assessment while waiting for ALS to arrive. What should you do after completing the SAMPLE and OPQRST history?
Perform a modified secondary assessment.
What is the first step of completing a secondary assessment of a patient who has a medical illness and presents an unresponsive?
Perform a rapid secondary assessment.
Which of the following is considered inadequate breathing?
Poor chest rise
Which one of the following situations requires oxygen administration?
Poor perfusion
What would be the immediate management for an unresponsive medical patient who has absent alveolar breath sounds upon auscultation?
Positive pressure ventilation
You are assessing a patient who tripped and fell on the floor, and is now complaining of hip pain. He appears stable and has NO other complaints. As you are completing your modified secondary assessment, you detect an unstable pelvis with crepitation. What should you do?
Quickly conduct a secondary assessment.
Which of the following findings make a patient unstable?
Rapid and weak pulses
When performing a secondary assessment on a trauma patient with a significant mechanism of injury, which type of secondary assessment should the EMT perform?
Rapid secondary assessment
If the EMT is assessing an unresponsive patient who suffered a massive stroke, in what order or sequence will the secondary assessment be completed?
Rapid secondary assessment, vitals, history
Which of the following components is NOT part of the secondary assessment of a trauma patient who is stable?
Rapid head-to-toe exam
While obtaining the vitals during the secondary assessment, the EMT will assess the respirations. What would be included about the respirations during the primary vitals assessment?
Rate and tidal volume
Evaluating the results of your clinical decision-making process would include which of the following?
Reassessing your patient's condition and the effects of your interventions
What is the first step of reassessment?
Repeat the primary assessment.
If you find a patient in a prone position after a significant traumatic event, what should you do as soon as is practical?
Roll the patient into a supine position.
You are dispatched to the residence for a 34-year-old male patient complaining of severe abdominal pain for the past two hours. On arrival, the patient tells you he would rate the pain as a 9 on a 1 to 10 scale. What part of the OPQRST would this information apply to?
S
You are an EMT who is volunteering to be a first aid provider for your city's annual marathon run. You are currently assessing a patient who is very tired after completing just half the race. The patient presents as alert and oriented, and no life threats were identified during the primary survey. As you start your secondary assessment of this patient, what will you do FIRST?
SAMPLE and OPQRS history
During what phase of patient assessment should the EMT ascertain whether additional resources, such as an ALS unit, are needed for the management of a patient who was found lying unresponsive outside on the lawn?
Scene size-up
Which of the following is part of the patient assessment process?
Secondary assessment
In assessing the vital signs for an unresponsive patient, what vital signs should be included beyond pulse, BP, and respirations?
Skin characteristics, pulse oximetry, and pupillary response
You are examining an otherwise healthy 20-year-old male jogger who tripped on a curb and fell onto the sidewalk. You note a possible fracture to his right wrist, and he complains of slight pain in his elbow. He denies any loss of consciousness, and there is no external bleeding. What would be the priority of this patient?
Stable
Which of the following abnormal airway sounds, if present in an unresponsive patient, would be considered a critical finding?
Stridor
Which of the following should be completed during the secondary assessment of every trauma patient?
Taking vital signs
You arrive on scene and find an elderly female patient at the bottom of a flight of stairs leading to the basement of the home. The patient was found there by a family member. Given this information, what should you initially assume during the general impression?
That the patient is injured
What is the final component that is performed in completing the secondary assessment of a medical patient who is alert and oriented and complaining of non-traumatic chest pain?
Vitals
While on scene with a trauma patient, when should the EMT consider requesting ALS backup?
Whenever your patient's airway is compromised
In which of the following situations would you abandon completing your modified secondary assessment and instead conduct a complete secondary assessment?
While en route to the hospital, the patient's heart rate keeps climbing and the blood pressure keeps falling.
Your general impression of the patient should be formed from which of the following?
Your observations
Cool skin that is moist is referred to as cool and clammy. It is often related to:
blood loss or decreased perfusion.
A respiratory rate that is too slow is called:
bradypnea.
If, during the secondary assessment, you are examining the skin color, temperature, and condition; jugular venous distention (JVD); and ankle edema, you are likely assessing a patient with a(n):
cardiovascular complaint.
You are treating a patient who has chest pain and difficulty breathing. The secondary assessment should evaluate, at a minimum, the:
cardiovascular system.
You arrive on the scene of an automobile collision and find one of the drivers suffering from multiple injuries and an altered level of consciousness. After completion of the primary survey, you should next:
complete a rapid secondary assessment.