endocrine practice questions

hormones are chemical messengers that provide which function in the body? A. Regulate body functions B. Initiate immune reactions C. Transport fatty acids and lipids D. Cause one specific tissue effect

A. Regulate body functions

a client is managing his type 2 diabetes with exercise and diet. He has a fasting blood sugar level (FBS) of 80 mg/dL (4.44 mmol/L) and a hemoglobin A1C of 5% (.05). Based on these findings, which of the following can the nurse assume? A. The client is achieving normal glycemic control. B. The client needs to modify his diet related to the low readings. C. The client is at risk for developing hyperglycemia. D. The client is at risk for an insulin reaction.

A. The client is achieving normal glycemic control.

a client undergoing an evaluation of hormone levels asks, "What regulates the hormone levels?" Which response by the nurse would be considered most accurate? A. The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system B. Exogenous forms of hormones C. The positive feedback loop D. The hypophysial portal system

A. The hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system

the nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. Which statement about the role of the thyroid gland is most accurate? A. The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate. B. The thyroid gland releases neurotransmitters when the "flight or flight" mechanism is stimulated. C. The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating serum calcium levels. D. The thyroid gland promotes development of secondary sex characteristics.

A. The thyroid gland is responsible for increasing the metabolic rate.

the hallmark manifestations of Cushing syndrome are a moon face, a "buffalo hump" between the shoulder blades, and a protruding abdomen. What other manifestations of Cushing syndrome occur? A. Thin extremities and muscle weakness B. Muscle wasting and thickened extremities C. Muscle weakness and thickened extremities D. Thin extremities and increased strength

A. Thin extremities and muscle weakness

what are the hallmark signs of diabetes mellitus? A. Polyuria, polydipsia, and pheochromocytoma B. Polyuria, polyphagia, and polycythemia C. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia D. Polycythemia, polydipsia, and pheochromocytoma

C. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia

the nurse is reviewing assessment data and determines which client is at highest risk for developing type 2 diabetes? A. A 45-year-old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle B. A 10-year-old male whose grandmother has type 2 diabetes C. A 40-year-old male who has liver disease due to hepatitis D. A 60-year-old female with a history of gestational diabetes

A. A 45-year-old obese female with a sedentary lifestyle

the critical care nurse has just admitted a client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) whose blood glucose level is 877 mg/dL (48.67 mmol/L). The client's breath has a fruity odor and the client is confused. Which of these does the nurse set as the priority at this time? A. Administration of intravenous fluids B. Education related to prevention of DKA C. Orienting the client to the events surrounding his admission D. Monitoring for fever

A. Administration of intravenous fluids

a nurse educator is conducting a course for newly diagnosed diabetes clients. Which statement by a participant should the nurse follow up first? A. "I've started eating four or five smaller meals each day instead of three larger meals." B. "I've had a little sore on the sole of my foot for a few days, but I'm sure it will eventually heal." C. "My doctor suggested checking my blood sugars twice a day, but I've started doing it before each meal and at bedtime." D. "I know that we're supposed to get our eyes checked regularly, but my extended health insurance doesn't cover it."

B. "I've had a little sore on the sole of my foot for a few days, but I'm sure it will eventually heal."

a client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus states, "I am really worried that I might need to take injections. Is there something I can do to avoid that?" What is the best response by the nurse? A. "If you exercise weekly, you won't need injections." B. "You could regulate your diet, exercise regularly, and lose weight." C. "Diabetes management is complicated; you can't avoid injections." D. "A support group could help you cope with stress and learn helpful tips."

B. "You could regulate your diet, exercise regularly, and lose weight."

a hospitalized client with diabetes mellitus has sudden onset of slurred speech; lack of coordination; and cool, clammy skin. What will the nurse do first? A. Administer glucose. B. Check blood glucose. C. Notify the health care provider. D. Provide cheese and crackers.

B. Check blood glucose.

when sensors detect a change in a hormone level, the hormonal response is regulated by which mechanism that will return the level to within normal range? A. Metabolic B. Feedback C. Production D. Action potential

B. Feedback

when the nurse is performing a health history for a client who is being admitted for hyperthyroidism, what symptom does the client report that the nurse would find associated with this disorder? A. Constipation B. Increase in appetite C. Weight gain D. Fatigue

B. Increase in appetite

a client is diagnosed with Addison disease. What statement by the client indicates an understanding of the discharge instructions by the nurse? A. "Once the symptoms go away, I will be able to stop taking my medication." B. "If I have surgery, it will cure me." C. "I will have to take my medication for the rest of my life." D. "I should be able to control my condition with diet and exercise."

C. "I will have to take my medication for the rest of my life."

a client being treated for diabetes type 2 with insulin presents to a clinic for routine visit. Blood work reveals a HbA1C of 11.0% (high). Which response by the client may account for this abnormal laboratory result? A. "I have had more periods of hypoglycemia than usual over the past few months." B. "I have been doing great. I have been taking my insulin regularly as prescribed." C. "To tell you the truth, my blood glucose levels have been pretty normal for me." D. "My meter broke so I have not been checking my blood glucose levels for a while."

D. "My meter broke so I have not been checking my blood glucose levels for a while."

when caring for the client with diabetic ketoacidosis, the nurse recognizes that fatty acids and ketones may be used for energy by most organs. Which organ does the nurse recognize is reliant on glucose as the major energy source? A. Heart B. Lungs C. Spleen D. Brain

D. Brain

the iatrogenic form of Cushing syndrome is caused by: A. Long-term cortisone therapy B. Pituitary tumor secreting ACTH C. Benign or malignant adrenal tumor D. Ectopic ACTH-secreting lung tumor

A. Long-term cortisone therapy

which disorder is a result of excess cortisol? A. Cushing disease B. Turner syndrome C. Marfan syndrome D. Hashimoto disease

A. Cushing disease

which effect of thyroid hormone deficit alters the function of all major organs in the body? A. Decreases metabolism B. Increases protein synthesis C. Causes vitamin deficiencies D. Enhances absorption of glucose

A. Decreases metabolism

which gland acts as a signal-relaying bridge between multiple body systems and the pituitary gland? A. Hypothalamus B. Posterior pituitary C. Thyroid D. Parathyroid

A. Hypothalamus

an extremely lethargic client arrives by ambulance at the emergency department. His blood glucose level is 32 mg/dL (1.78 mmol/L). The nurse will anticipate that this client will be diagnosed with: A. Diabetic ketoacidosis B. Hypoglycemia C. Dawn phenomenon D. Autonomic neuropathy

B. Hypoglycemia

a client comes to the clinic with fatigue and muscle weakness. The client also states she has been having diarrhea. The nurse observes the skin of the client has a bronze tone and when asked, the client says she has not had any sun exposure. The mucous membranes of the gums are bluish-black. When reviewing laboratory results from this client, what does the nurse anticipate seeing? A. Elevated WBC count B. Increased levels of ACTH C. Increase in sedimentation rate D. Positive C-reactive protein

B. Increased levels of ACTH

the hormone levels in the body need to be kept within an appropriate range. How is this accomplished for many of the hormones in the body? A. Positive feedback loop B. Negative feedback loop C. Regulated feedback loop D. Sensory feedback loop

B. Negative feedback loop

a client experiences an increase in cortisol as a result of Cushing disease. Which hormonal responses demonstrate the negative feedback mechanism? A. Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) B. Increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) C. Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) D. Increased thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

C. Decreased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

a client arrives in the clinic and states to the nurse, "I am tired all the time and have gained weight. My hair is so dry it is breaking." The nurse assesses that the client's face is puffy with edematous eyelids and the outer third of the eyebrows are thinning. What lab test will the nurse prepare the client for that is characteristic of this disorder? A. Troponin and myoglobin levels B. LDL and HDL levels C. BUN and creatinine D. T4 and TSH

D. T4 and TSH

a client with type 1 diabetes has started a new exercise routine. Knowing there may be some increased risks associated with exercise, the health care provider should encourage the client to: A. watch for rapid weight loss. B. monitor for respiratory disorders. C. be careful that he or she is not experiencing rebound hyperglycemia. D. carry a snack with a rapidly absorbed form of glucose to prevent profound hypoglycemia.

D. carry a snack with a rapidly absorbed form of glucose to prevent profound hypoglycemia.

which gland is often referred to as the master gland because it secretes many hormones? A. Pituitary B. Thyroid C. Pancreas D. Hypothalamus

A. Pituitary

a client is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and is exhibiting weight loss, diarrhea, and tachycardia. What does the nurse understand that these clinical manifestations are related to? A. A decrease in oxygen consumption B. A decrease in the level of glucose C. A hypermetabolic state D. A decrease in sympathetic nervous system activity

C. A hypermetabolic state