ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
D. glucagon
At about 4pm in the afternoon, you could expect that will be released if you have not eaten since 12pm. A. insulin B. melatonin C. pancreatic polypeptide D. glucagon
A. stimulates osteoblast activity
Calcitonin A. stimulates osteoblast activity B. is synthesized by the skin, liver, and kidneys C. increases blood calcium D. stimulates bone resorption (breakdown)
B. loss of ADH secretion
Destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which of the following results? A. loss of GH secretion B. loss of ADH secretion C. loss of thyroid stimulating hormone secretion D. loss of melatonin secretion
D. release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood
Endocrine cells A. contain few vesicles B. are a type of nerve cell C. release their secretions onto an epithelial surface D. release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood
D. pancreatic juice
In addition to secreting hormones, the pancreas also produces A. endorphins B. B. white blood cells C. sodium chloride D. pancreatic juice E. prostaglandins
A. increases; increases
In most of its target cells, cortisol synthesis of glucose and protein metabolism. A. increases; increases B. decreases; decreases C. decreases; increases D. increases; decreases
A. increase; increase
Insulin cause a(n) in glycogenesis in the liver and a(n) in lipogenesis in adipose. A. increase; increase B. decrease, increase C. increase; decrease D. decrease; decrease
False
Like PTH, calcitonin increases blood calcium levels. True False
D. stimulates osteoclast activity
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) A. decreases blood calcium B. inhibits bone resorption (breakdown) C. is synthesized by the skin, liver, and kidneys D. stimulates osteoclast activity
True
Parathyroid hormone functions to raise blood calcium levels. True False
C. testosterone
Specific cells of the testes product A. inhibin B. LH C. testosterone D. progesterone
A. epinephrine and norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla produces the hormones A. epinephrine and norepinephrine B. synephrine and neosynephrine C. cortisone and cortisol D. androgens and progesterone E. corticosterone and testosterone
D. adenohypophysis
The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the A. infundibulum B. neurohypophysis C. basal ganglion D. adenohypophysis
E. paraventricular nucleus
The hormone oxytocin is synthesized in the A. anterior pituitary B. posterior pituitary C. nucleus of the solitary tract D. pineal gland E. paraventricular nucleus
D. parathyroid hormone
The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is A. glucagon B. growth hormone C. insulin D. parathyroid hormone
A. glucagon
The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is A. glucagon B. somatostatin C. glucocorticoid D. epinephrine E. insulin
D. are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.
The hormones coming from the posterior pituitary A. are synthesized int he anterior pituitary and are transported to and from the posterior pituitary by the primary and secondary plexus. B. are synthesized there and are released upon signals from the anterior pituitary C. are synthesized in the posterior pituitary and released by the anterior pituitary by way of the hypophyseal portal system. D. are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.
A. oxytocin and antidiureti hormone
The hormones released from the posterior pituitary are A. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone B. prolactin and vasopressin C. thyrotropin-releaseing hormone and corticotropin- releasing hormone D. prolactin and growth hormone E. follice-stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone
C. corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is A. adrenal-follicle -stimulating hormone B. cortical stimulating factor (CSF) C. corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) D. cortisol E. vasopressin
C. increased water conservation by kidneys
The main action of antidiuretic hormone is A. increased blood pressure by increased Na+ reabsorption. B. to stimulate kidney cells to secrete renin. C. increased water conservation by kidneys. D. increase urine output to remove excess fluid.
True
The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. True False
A. posterior; spleen
The pancreas is located to the stomach, and it lies between the duodenum and the . A. posterior; spleen B. anterior; liver C.. anterior; spleen D. posterior; liver
C. insulin
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fail is A. cortisol B. glucagon C. insulin D. somatotropin
B. posterior to the thyroid gland
The parathryoid glands are located A. above the kidneys B. posterior to the thyroid gland C. just below the thalamus D. within the thymus E. anterior to the thyroid gland
D. inferior; infundibulum
The pituitary gland is located to the hypothalamus and is connected by the . A. posterior; infundibulum B. superior; thalamus C. inferior; epithalamus D. inferior; infundibulum
B. prolactin
The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is A. growth hormone B. prolactin C. TSH D. FSH E. ACTH
A. TSH
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is A. TSH B. FSH C. LH D. ACTH
C. neurohypophysis
The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the A. basal ganglion B. mesencephalon C. neurohypophysis D. adenohypophysis
True
The posterior pituitary does not produce its own hormones but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus. True False
A. stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands
The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to A. stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands B. stimulate the development of the folds on the surface of the brain C. stimulate adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla D. stimulate cell growth and cell division in muscle and bone E. regulate salt and water balance by acting on the renal system
D. follicles
The thyroid gland is composed of many that produces and store thyroid hormone. A. tubules B. ducts C. capillaries D. follicles
B. immediately anterior to the trachea
The thyroid gland is located A. immediately superior to the larynx B. immediately anterior to the trachea C. immediately posterior to the cricoid cartilage D. anterior to the atria of the heart
B. isthmus
The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the A. commissure B. isthmus C. infundibulum D. aqueduct E. pars intermedia
A. anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland
Thyroid-stimulating (TSH) is secreted by A. anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland B. hypothalamus, and it targets cells of the posterior pituitary gland C. thyroid gland, and it targets cells of the parathyroid gland D. posterior pituitary, and it targets parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland E. hypothalamus, and it targets cells of the anterior pituitary gland
B. hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid- stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the A. anterior pituitary and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland B. hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid- stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary C. hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid- stimulating hormone from the posterior pituitary D. thymus and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland E. parathyroid hormone and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland
C. ADH
Vassopressin is a common term for this hormone A. oxytocin B. GH C. ADH D. prolactin
B. Regulate electrolyte concentration in body fluids
What is the function of the mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland? A. Regulate glucose levels in the blood B. Regulate electrolyte concentration in body fluids C. Stimulate metabolism of proteins D. Stimulate metabolism of lipids E. Act as secondary sex hormones
A. Within the sella turica of the sphenoid bone
Where is the pituitary gland located? A. Within the sella turica of the sphenoid bone B. Within the third ventricle of the brain C. On the posterior surface of the thyroid gland D. On the tracheal surface, inferior to the larynx E. Between the cerebrum and cerebellum, inferior to the occipital lobe
B. glucocorticoids
Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action? A. mineralocorticoids B. glucocorticoids C. antidiuretic hormones D. thyroglobulins
C. Follice-stimulating and lutenizing hormone
Which hormone are collectively called the gonadotropins? A. Follicle-stimulating hormone and growth hormone B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone C. Follicle-stimulating and lutenizing hormone D. Prolactin and oxytocin E. Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
C. growth hormone-releasing hormone
Which hormone increase the secretion of growth hormone? A. cortisol B. adrenal follice-stimulating hormone C. growth hormone-releasing hormone D. cortical stimulating factor (CSF) E. corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
C. Insulin
Which hormone induces the hepatocytes to synthesize glycogen from glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels? A. Glucagon B. Pancreatic polypeptide C. Insulin D. Somatotropin E. Somatostatin
E. Glucagon
Which hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas? A. Somatostatin B. Pancreatic polypeptide C. Pancreatic lipase D. Insulin E. Glucagon
E. Insulin
Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas? A. Somatostatin B. Glucagon C. Pancreatic polypeptide D. Pancreatic lipase E. Insulin
D. Melatonin
Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland? A. Insulin B. Oxytocin C. Cortisol D. Melatonin E. Melanin
A. Prolactin
Which is not a tropic hormone? A. Prolactin B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone C. Follicle-stimulating hormone D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B. Anterior
Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormone? A. Posterior pituitary B. Anterior pituitary
E. iodine
Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone? A. colloid B. sodium C. potassium D. iron E. iodine
D. hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
Which region of the adrenal cortex synthesizes glucocorticoids? A. Zona glucosa B. Zona reticularis C. Zona fasciculata D. Zona glomerulosa E. Zona papillarosa