ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

D. glucagon

At about 4pm in the afternoon, you could expect that will be released if you have not eaten since 12pm. A. insulin B. melatonin C. pancreatic polypeptide D. glucagon

A. stimulates osteoblast activity

Calcitonin A. stimulates osteoblast activity B. is synthesized by the skin, liver, and kidneys C. increases blood calcium D. stimulates bone resorption (breakdown)

B. loss of ADH secretion

Destruction of the supra-optic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which of the following results? A. loss of GH secretion B. loss of ADH secretion C. loss of thyroid stimulating hormone secretion D. loss of melatonin secretion

D. release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood

Endocrine cells A. contain few vesicles B. are a type of nerve cell C. release their secretions onto an epithelial surface D. release their secretions directly into body fluids such as blood

D. pancreatic juice

In addition to secreting hormones, the pancreas also produces A. endorphins B. B. white blood cells C. sodium chloride D. pancreatic juice E. prostaglandins

A. increases; increases

In most of its target cells, cortisol synthesis of glucose and protein metabolism. A. increases; increases B. decreases; decreases C. decreases; increases D. increases; decreases

A. increase; increase

Insulin cause a(n) in glycogenesis in the liver and a(n) in lipogenesis in adipose. A. increase; increase B. decrease, increase C. increase; decrease D. decrease; decrease

False

Like PTH, calcitonin increases blood calcium levels. True False

D. stimulates osteoclast activity

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) A. decreases blood calcium B. inhibits bone resorption (breakdown) C. is synthesized by the skin, liver, and kidneys D. stimulates osteoclast activity

True

Parathyroid hormone functions to raise blood calcium levels. True False

C. testosterone

Specific cells of the testes product A. inhibin B. LH C. testosterone D. progesterone

A. epinephrine and norepinephrine

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones A. epinephrine and norepinephrine B. synephrine and neosynephrine C. cortisone and cortisol D. androgens and progesterone E. corticosterone and testosterone

D. adenohypophysis

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the A. infundibulum B. neurohypophysis C. basal ganglion D. adenohypophysis

E. paraventricular nucleus

The hormone oxytocin is synthesized in the A. anterior pituitary B. posterior pituitary C. nucleus of the solitary tract D. pineal gland E. paraventricular nucleus

D. parathyroid hormone

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is A. glucagon B. growth hormone C. insulin D. parathyroid hormone

A. glucagon

The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is A. glucagon B. somatostatin C. glucocorticoid D. epinephrine E. insulin

D. are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.

The hormones coming from the posterior pituitary A. are synthesized int he anterior pituitary and are transported to and from the posterior pituitary by the primary and secondary plexus. B. are synthesized there and are released upon signals from the anterior pituitary C. are synthesized in the posterior pituitary and released by the anterior pituitary by way of the hypophyseal portal system. D. are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.

A. oxytocin and antidiureti hormone

The hormones released from the posterior pituitary are A. oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone B. prolactin and vasopressin C. thyrotropin-releaseing hormone and corticotropin- releasing hormone D. prolactin and growth hormone E. follice-stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone

C. corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

The hypothalamic hormone that triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is A. adrenal-follicle -stimulating hormone B. cortical stimulating factor (CSF) C. corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) D. cortisol E. vasopressin

C. increased water conservation by kidneys

The main action of antidiuretic hormone is A. increased blood pressure by increased Na+ reabsorption. B. to stimulate kidney cells to secrete renin. C. increased water conservation by kidneys. D. increase urine output to remove excess fluid.

True

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. True False

A. posterior; spleen

The pancreas is located to the stomach, and it lies between the duodenum and the . A. posterior; spleen B. anterior; liver C.. anterior; spleen D. posterior; liver

C. insulin

The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to fail is A. cortisol B. glucagon C. insulin D. somatotropin

B. posterior to the thyroid gland

The parathryoid glands are located A. above the kidneys B. posterior to the thyroid gland C. just below the thalamus D. within the thymus E. anterior to the thyroid gland

D. inferior; infundibulum

The pituitary gland is located to the hypothalamus and is connected by the . A. posterior; infundibulum B. superior; thalamus C. inferior; epithalamus D. inferior; infundibulum

B. prolactin

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is A. growth hormone B. prolactin C. TSH D. FSH E. ACTH

A. TSH

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is A. TSH B. FSH C. LH D. ACTH

C. neurohypophysis

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the A. basal ganglion B. mesencephalon C. neurohypophysis D. adenohypophysis

True

The posterior pituitary does not produce its own hormones but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus. True False

A. stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands

The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to A. stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands B. stimulate the development of the folds on the surface of the brain C. stimulate adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla D. stimulate cell growth and cell division in muscle and bone E. regulate salt and water balance by acting on the renal system

D. follicles

The thyroid gland is composed of many that produces and store thyroid hormone. A. tubules B. ducts C. capillaries D. follicles

B. immediately anterior to the trachea

The thyroid gland is located A. immediately superior to the larynx B. immediately anterior to the trachea C. immediately posterior to the cricoid cartilage D. anterior to the atria of the heart

B. isthmus

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the A. commissure B. isthmus C. infundibulum D. aqueduct E. pars intermedia

A. anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland

Thyroid-stimulating (TSH) is secreted by A. anterior pituitary, and it targets follicular cells of the thyroid gland B. hypothalamus, and it targets cells of the posterior pituitary gland C. thyroid gland, and it targets cells of the parathyroid gland D. posterior pituitary, and it targets parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland E. hypothalamus, and it targets cells of the anterior pituitary gland

B. hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid- stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by the A. anterior pituitary and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland B. hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid- stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary C. hypothalamus and it increases release of thyroid- stimulating hormone from the posterior pituitary D. thymus and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland E. parathyroid hormone and it increases release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland

C. ADH

Vassopressin is a common term for this hormone A. oxytocin B. GH C. ADH D. prolactin

B. Regulate electrolyte concentration in body fluids

What is the function of the mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland? A. Regulate glucose levels in the blood B. Regulate electrolyte concentration in body fluids C. Stimulate metabolism of proteins D. Stimulate metabolism of lipids E. Act as secondary sex hormones

A. Within the sella turica of the sphenoid bone

Where is the pituitary gland located? A. Within the sella turica of the sphenoid bone B. Within the third ventricle of the brain C. On the posterior surface of the thyroid gland D. On the tracheal surface, inferior to the larynx E. Between the cerebrum and cerebellum, inferior to the occipital lobe

B. glucocorticoids

Which group of hormones cause an anti-inflammatory action? A. mineralocorticoids B. glucocorticoids C. antidiuretic hormones D. thyroglobulins

C. Follice-stimulating and lutenizing hormone

Which hormone are collectively called the gonadotropins? A. Follicle-stimulating hormone and growth hormone B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone C. Follicle-stimulating and lutenizing hormone D. Prolactin and oxytocin E. Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin

C. growth hormone-releasing hormone

Which hormone increase the secretion of growth hormone? A. cortisol B. adrenal follice-stimulating hormone C. growth hormone-releasing hormone D. cortical stimulating factor (CSF) E. corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

C. Insulin

Which hormone induces the hepatocytes to synthesize glycogen from glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels? A. Glucagon B. Pancreatic polypeptide C. Insulin D. Somatotropin E. Somatostatin

E. Glucagon

Which hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas? A. Somatostatin B. Pancreatic polypeptide C. Pancreatic lipase D. Insulin E. Glucagon

E. Insulin

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas? A. Somatostatin B. Glucagon C. Pancreatic polypeptide D. Pancreatic lipase E. Insulin

D. Melatonin

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland? A. Insulin B. Oxytocin C. Cortisol D. Melatonin E. Melanin

A. Prolactin

Which is not a tropic hormone? A. Prolactin B. Adrenocorticotropic hormone C. Follicle-stimulating hormone D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone

B. Anterior

Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormone? A. Posterior pituitary B. Anterior pituitary

E. iodine

Which of the following elements is necessary for the production of thyroid hormone? A. colloid B. sodium C. potassium D. iron E. iodine

D. hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract

Which region of the adrenal cortex synthesizes glucocorticoids? A. Zona glucosa B. Zona reticularis C. Zona fasciculata D. Zona glomerulosa E. Zona papillarosa