Endocrine System

Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release? decreased blood pressure dilation of the small passages of the lungs increased blood glucose levels increased heart rate stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system

decreased blood pressure

The ________ produces releasing and inhibiting hormones to target the anterior pituitary. hypothalumus thymus thyroid posterior pituitary

hypothalamus

______ directs the body's stress response hypothalamus thymus thyroid pancreas

hypothalamus

What is myxedema?

hypothyroidism in adults that causes a puffy face, sluggishness, poor muscle tone, obesity

Lena is hypoglycemic. To counter this condition and restore homeostasis, which of the following hormones would NOT be released? catecholamine glucagon cortiso linsulin

insulin

What hormone also aids the stress response by promoting water retention and acting as a vasoconstrictor? angiotensin II cortisol ADH (vasopressin) aldosterone

ADH (vasopressin)

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ________. Addison's disease Cushing's syndrome Graves' disease goiter

Addison's disease

Former U.S. president John F. Kennedy had a rare autoimmune disease that was affecting his adrenal cortex. Thus, he had insufficient levels of adrenal cortex hormones. What disease did President Kennedy have? Cushing's syndrome diabetes mellitus Graves' disease Addison's disease

Addison's disease

Stimulates contraction of the uterus and milk ejection (the let-down reflex) oxytocin Parathyroid hormone Glucocorticoids Thyroid-stimulating hormone Antidiuretic hormone Insulin Growth hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone

oxytocin

Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone: testosterone mineralocorticoids oxytocin adrenocorticoids estrogen

oxytocin

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland. parafollicular alpha beta follicle

parafollicular

The glands that produce a hormone that is the most important regulator of calcium ion homeostasis of the blood are indicated by ________. thymus hypothalamus posterior lobe anterior love parathyroid glands

parathyroid glands

Choose which condition has all of the following symptoms: hypertension, hyperglycemia, and a "moon face." Addison's disease pheochromocytoma Cushing's disease

Cushing's disease

Which of the following disorders is associated with adrenal disease? diabetes insipidus acromegaly Cushing's syndrome Graves' disease

Cushing's syndrome

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes ______ diabetes insipidus acromegaly Cushing's syndrome Graves' disease

Cushing's.

T or F. Grave's disease is part of hypothyroidism category.

FALSE. HYPERTHYROIDISM.

Promotes normal cell metabolism and helps the body resist long-term stressors oxytocin Parathyroid hormone Glucocorticoids Thyroid-stimulating hormone Antidiuretic hormone Insulin Growth hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone

Glucocorticoids

Which hormones help maintain a relatively constant calcium concentration in the blood? antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and parathyroid hormone (PTH)parathyroid hormone (PTH) and cortisol parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin aldosterone and calcitonin

parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood leads to ________. acromegaly myxedema gigantism Cushing's disease pituitary dwarfism

pituitary dwarfism

Which of these glands is composed of two distinct lobes? thyroid gland pituitary gland pancreasa drenal gland

pituitary gland

polyuria polydipsia polyphagia a. huge urine output b. excessive hunger and food consumption c. excessive thirst

polyuria- A polydipsia - C polyphagia - B (like in a phase just eating)

Part complete Two hormones are made and secreted by the posterior pituitary: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). T or F

posterior pituatary doesnt actually make anything

Mr. Lee says he felt scared to death when his neighbor's dog bit him. Which of the following did he NOT experience as a result of catecholamine release? increased heart rate dilation of the small passageways of the lungs increased blood glucose levels decreased blood pressure increased alertness

decreased blood pressure

In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen? decreased or difficulty breathing decreased sweating decreased insulin secretion decreased cardiac output

decreased insulin secretion

Jamal visited his doctor to complain about his constant thirst and excessive urination. A blood test revealed that Jamal had low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What is Jamal's diagnosis? diabetes mellitus diabetes insipidus Addison's disease Graves' disease

diabetes insipidus

Which of the following disorders results from the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? diabetes insipidus diabetes mellitus goiter hypoglycemia

diabetes insipidus

Which of these would be involved in negative feedback regulation of increasing concentration of thyroid hormone? rise in blood calcium concentration release of epinephrine from the adrenal gland drop in TSH concentration activity in the posterior pituitary gland

drop in TSH concentration

Which of the following hormones is a part of the rapid response (rather than the prolonged response) to stress? aldosterone ADH (vasopressin) cortisol epinephrine

epinephrine (remember this is the sympathetic nervous system)

Which of these is secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells? resistin secretin erythropoietin natriuretic peptide

erythropoietin

Which of these is a mechanism of steroid hormones? gene activation open ion channels second-messenger activation release of prostaglandins

gene activation

Which of these is a mechanism of steroid hormones? second-messenger activation gene activation open ion channels release of prostaglandins

gene activation

Cortisone and cortisol are types of ________ produced by the middle cortical layer of the adrenal gland. sex hormones mineralocorticoids catecholamines glucocorticoids

glucocorticoids

Which of the following are symptom(s) of pheochromocytoma? heart palpitations cool, dry skin low blood glucose slow heart rate

heart palpitations (pheochromocytoma results in the release of too much epinephrine and norepinephrine, it is a tumor on the adrenal glands)

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine oxytocin Parathyroid hormone Glucocorticoids Thyroid-stimulating hormone Antidiuretic hormone Insulin Growth hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following is probably NOT one of her signs or symptoms? bronze skin tone inability to cope with stress high blood pressure and edema hypoglycemia weak muscles

high blood pressure and edema

steroid hormone that regulates salt and water in the body. angiotensin II cortisol ADH (vasopressin) aldosterone

aldosterone

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________. mineralocorticoids glucocorticoids estrogens androgens

androgens

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________. adrenal gland thyroid gland anterior pituitary gland posterior pituitary gland pineal gland

anterior pituitary gland

Release of which of these hormones is stimulated by nerve impulses? antidiuretic hormone aldosterone thyrotropic hormone calcitonin

antidiuretic hormone

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of: Alcohol inhibits the secretion of: parathyroid hormone (PTH) glucagon oxytocin antidiuretic hormone (ADH) prolactin (PRL)

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Name two hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin releasing and inhibiting hormones

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Which one of the following is NOT typical of the changes that follow the binding of a hormone to its target cells? enzymes are activated or inactivated plasma membrane permeability changes cellular mutations occur mitosis is stimulated proteins are synthesized in the cell

cellular mutations occur

Which of the following hormones is a part of the prolonged response (rather than rapid) response to stress? (more than one) cortisol ADH aldosterone

cortisol ADH aldosterone ALL!

Six-year-old Timothy is small for his age, has dry skin, and scanty hair. He also shows signs of intellectual impairment. What disorder do you suspect? pituitary dwarfism myxedema cretinism goiter exophthalmos

cretinism

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts? parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thyroid hormones prolactin (PRL) and oxytocingrowth hormone (GH) and glucagon prolactin (PRL) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and thyroid hormones

prolactin (PRL) and oxytocingrowth hormone

Sex hormones produced by the ovaries and testes ________. are protein hormones are controlled by hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are secreted in response to posterior pituitary hormones are produced in equal amounts in both males and females promote the formation of sex cells

promote the formation of sex cells

Indicate the action of prolactin growth of skeletal muscles and long bones causes milk ejection in a woman nursing an infant results in production of concentrated urine stimulates and maintains milk production by the mother's breasts after childbirth

stimulates and maintains milk production by the mother's breasts after childbirth

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone on males? stimulation of the posterior pituitary sperm production deepening of the voice development of heavy bones and muscles growth of facial hair

stimulation of the posterior pituitary

Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins and peptide hormones, activate target cells using ________. the second-messenger system steroid hormone action direct gene activation diffusion

the second-messenger system

What endocrine gland is located in the neck? pineal pancreas adrenal thyroid

thyroid

What endocrine gland is located in the neck? thyroid pineal pancreas' adrenal

thyroid

glands on the thyroid produce____ aldosterone and cortisol thyroid hormone and calcitonin thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

thyroid hormone and calcitonin

Julie, who is middle-aged, feels tired all the time and has a hard time concentrating. She always feels cold and despite dieting, has gained a significant amount of weight. The hyposecretion of which of the following hormones is causing Julie's symptoms? aldosterone calcitonin vasopressin thyroxine

thyroxine

_____ are hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target. Most______ are produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary. a. thyroid hormones b. tropic hormones c. steroids d. estrogen and progesterone e. thyrotropic hormone

tropic hormones

_________ diabetes, no insulin is produced. type 1 or 2 or both

type 1

diabetes, target cells do not respond normally to insulin. type 1 or 2 or both

type 2

Which of these would occur with hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones? high blood pressure and hyperglycemia water and electrolyte imbalance goiter and exophthalmos abnormal skeletal growth

water and electrolyte imbalance

Which of these is a tropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? growth hormone ACTH oxytocin ADH

ACTH

_____ is a hormone produced in the anterior pituatary. The function of _____ is to regulate levels of the steroid hormone cortisol, which released from the adrenal gland. growth hormone ACTH oxytocin ADH glucocorticoids

ACTH

What hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water? ADH oxytocin PTH renin

ADH

When the body is dehydrated, ______ helps reduce water loss. ADH oxytocin PTH renin

ADH

Which of these is an example of using a humoral stimulus to cause hormone secretion? The adrenal cortex releases cortisol when stimulated by the anterior pituitary gland. Hypothalamic stimulation triggers the release of growth hormone. Sympathetic stimulation triggers the release of epinephrine. An increase in blood glucose stimulates the release of insulin.

An increase in blood glucose stimulates the release of insulin.

Promotes reabsorption of water by the kidneys to increase blood volume oxytocin Parathyroid hormone Glucocorticoids Thyroid-stimulating hormone Antidiuretic hormone Insulin Growth hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone

Antidiuretic hormone

How does the hypothalamus regulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland? It sends nerve impulses along axons that release hormones within the anterior pituitary gland. It sends nerve impulses to the glandular cells of the anterior pituitary. It secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland. It releases Na+ to trigger hormone release by the anterior pituitary cells.

It secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland.

Body cells that respond to insulin include Liver cells and muscle cells only. Intestinal cells only. Muscle cells only. Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body. Liver cells only.

Liver cells, as well as most other cells of the body.

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose? Cells in the pancreas. Liver cells. Liver cells and cells in the pancreas. Muscle cells. Intestinal cells.

Liver cells.

Which of these hormones regulates calcium concentration in the blood? ADH PTH cortisol aldosterone

PTH (parathyroid)

Raises blood calcium levels oxytocin Parathyroid hormone Glucocorticoids Thyroid-stimulating hormone Antidiuretic hormone Insulin Growth hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone

Parathyroid hormone

__________stimulates release of thyroid hormone TSH Calcium Adrenal Glands Cortisol insulin

TSH

A liver cell responds to insulin by Releasing insulin. Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen. Taking in glucose and converting it to glucagon. Releasing glucagon. Breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose.

Taking in glucose and converting it to glycogen.

Which of these results when hormone secretion is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism? Hormone concentrations rise and fall depending on the time of day. The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range. All hormones are regulated by other hormones. Hormones determine the metabolic rate of all cells.

The concentration of a hormone remains within a narrow normal range.

When blood glucose levels are low Liver cells convert more glucose to glycogen. The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to decrease. The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase. The pancreas releases insulin, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

The pancreas releases glucagon, which eventually causes blood glucose levels to increase.

When blood glucose levels are high The liver releases insulin. The liver releases glucagon. The pancreas releases glucose. The pancreas releases insulin. The pancreas releases glucagon.

The pancreas releases insulin.

Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration falls below the normal range? The adrenal gland secretes aldosterone. The pancreas secretes insulin. The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine. The pancreas secretes glucagon.

The pancreas secretes glucagon.

Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration falls below the normal range? The pancreas secretes glucagon. The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine. The pancreas secretes insulin. The adrenal gland secretes aldosterone.

The pancreas secretes glucagon.

Which of these occurs when blood glucose concentration falls below the normal range? The pancreas secretes insulin. The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine. The adrenal gland secretes aldosterone. The pancreas secretes glucagon.

The pancreas secretes glucagon.

How do hypothalamic neurons stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland? a. They send nerve impulses along axons that release hormones within the anterior pituitary gland. b. They send nerve impulses to the glandular cells of the anterior pituitary. c. They secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland. d. They release calcium ions that trigger hormone release by the anterior pituitary cells.

They secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel through the blood to the anterior pituitary gland.

Cortisol is: a. classified as a glucocorticoid b. initiates the breakdown of protein and fat c. reduces the inflammatory effect (when in pharmalogical doses) d. secretion is stimulated by ACTH e. all of these

a. classified as a glucocorticoid

Results from hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood. a. Pituatary Dwarfism b. gigantism c. acromegaly

a. pituitary dwarfism

Which of these endocrine glands is located just above a kidney? thymus pancreas pineal gland adrenal gland

adrenal gland

In _____ disease, your adrenal glands, located just above your kidneys, produce too little cortisol a. hyperglycemis b. addison's disease c. cushings syndrome d. parkinsons e. hypoglycemia

b. addison's disease

hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, often caused by a tumor, results in: a. diabetes insipidus b. cushings syndrome c. addison's disease d. Grave's disease

b. cushings syndrome

Results from hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood. a. Pituatary Dwarfism b. gigantism c. acromegaly

b. gigantism

Low blood calcium levels stimulates which type of endocrine gland stimulation? a. hormonal b. humoral c. neural

b. humoral

This is a hormone of the adrenal cortex. Regulates mineral content of the blood, water and electrolyte balance. target organ is the kidney. Response stimulated by decreased blood pressure. a. anterior pituitary b. mineralcortocoids c. myxdema d. acromegaly

b. mineralcortocoids

_________ diabetes, glucose levels remain higher than normal. type 1 type 2 both

both type 1 or 2

Hypersecretion of GH during adulthood. a. Pituatary Dwarfism b. gigantism c. acromegaly

c. acromegaly your bones increase in size, including those of your hands, feet and face IN ADULTHOOD.

The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on: a. the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ b. the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path c. the presence of the approrpiate receptors on the cells of the target tissue

c. the presence of the approrpiate receptors on the cells of the target tissue (i think)

Being lipid soluble, steroids can do all the following EXCEPT ________. catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP) enter the nucleus bind to receptor proteins within the nucleus activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells

catalyze a reaction that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP)

Which of these is the role of insulin in homeostasis? raises blood pressure raises blood glucose lowers blood glucose stimulate ketosis

lowers blood glucose

Which of these is the role of insulin in homeostasis? stimulate ketosis lowers blood glucose raises blood pressure raises blood glucose

lowers blood glucose

Justin has discovered he is sterile. Hyposecretion of which of the following hormones might be causing Justin's sterility? oxytocin thyrotropic hormone luteinizing hormone prolactin

luteinizing hormone

The hormone that appears to help regulate our sleep-awake cycles is ________. glucagon progesterone thyroxine thymosin melatonin

melatonin

In what way is the hypothalamus functionally connected to the posterior pituitary gland? direct cell-cell communication diffusion blood flow nerve impulses

nerve impulses

What is the function of the hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas? raising blood calcium helping the body resist long-term stressors raising blood glucose lowering blood glucose

raising blood glucose

What does calcintonin do?

regulates calcium level in the blood.

Most hormones are ________. released upon stimulation by other hormones controlled by blood levels of ions or nutrients regulated by a positive feedback mechanism classified as steroids able to diffuse through the plasma membrane of their target cells

released upon stimulation by other hormones

The enzyme produced by the kidneys when blood pressure drops, stimulating a release of aldosterone, is called ________ vasopressin cortisol renin angiotensin cortisone

renin

Mineralocorticoids regulate the concentration of ________ and ________ ions in our blood. sodium; potassium water; glucose iron; magnesium calcium; phosphorus

sodium; potassium