Eng 9 - 2023-24 S1 Final Exam Review

sullen

(adj) silent or brooding because of ill humor, anger, or resentment; slow moving, sluggish.

prodigious

(adj.) immense; extraordinary in bulk, size, or degree

retaliation

(n.) - revenge, punishment; returning an injury or wrong

breach

(n.) an opening, gap, rupture, rift; a violation or infraction; (v.) to create an opening, break through

character - dynamic

A character who changes, especially one who comes to a major realization

simile

A comparison using "like" or "as"

metaphor

A comparison without using like or as; ___ is ___

inference

A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning

personification

A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes

Works cited page

A list of sources that are referenced directly in a research paper - alphabetical order, hanging indent

allusion

A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art

summary

A retelling of the most important parts of what was read.

paradox

A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.

argument

A statement put forth and supported by evidence

symbol

A thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.

The Odyssey

An ancient Greek epic by Homer that recounts the adventures of Odysseus during his return from the war in Troy to his home in the Greek island of Ithaca.

"Bessie Coleman"

An article by the US Airforce about Bessie Coleman's life and impact

Excerpt from Highest Duty

An excerpt from Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger's memoir that discusses how his role models and interests at a young age led him to be a great pilot, helping save the lives of everyone on board flight 1547 when he landed the plane in the Hudson River

tone

Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character

direct characterization

Author directly describes character; personality trait words are used in the text

in-text citations

Crediting source within the paper after providing a quote or paraphrase - often it is the author's last name and page number in parentheses.

imagery

Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)

mood

How the reader feels about the text while reading.

figurative language

Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.

climax

Most exciting moment of the story; turning point

repetition / anaphora

Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect and emphasis

"Marigolds"

Short story by Eugenia Collier about Lizabeth acting out in anger and destroying Miss Lottie's flowers.

author's purpose

The reason the author has for writing. ( Inform, persuade, express, & entertain)

MLA formatting

Times New Roman, size 12 pt. font, double spacing, 1" margins, page number in top right corner with last name, header with your name, teacher's name, class, and date (day month year)

indirect characterization

When the author lets readers draw their own conclusions about characters based on how they act, speak, think, effect others, and look (inferences). Traits are not directly stated.

objectively

Without being influenced by personal feelings; unbiased standards

Fahrenheit 451

a dystopian novel by Ray Bradbury that depicts a futuristic world that lacks freedom, individuality, and true history - provides a cautionary tale about what could happen if we stop caring about critical thinking, reading, and individuality.

central idea

a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech

A Raisin in the Sun

a play by Lorraine Hansberry about a family in Chicago during the 1950s who struggle to achieve their dreams during a time of racism and segregation.

motif

a repeating object, idea, thing, color, etc. that helps to develop the theme (motif = topic and theme = lesson about topic).

anecdote

a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person that helps prove a point

"Volar"

a short story about a girl who images being a superhero

suspense / tension

a state or feeling of excited or anxious uncertainty about what may happen.

hierarchy

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.

"Why I Lied to Everyone in High School About Knowing Karate"

a true story/memoir about Jabeen Akhtar lying to try to fit in and be accepted in school.

pathos

an argumentative appeal that uses emotion (pity)

logos

an argumentative appeal that uses facts, logic, reasoning (logic)

ethos

an argumentative appeal that uses trust, credibility, and expert opinion (expert)

"I Have a Dream"

an argumentative speech by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. that advocates for change and equality during the Civil Rights Movement

stage directions

an instruction in the text of a play, especially one indicating the movement, position, or tone of an actor, or the sound effects and lighting.

censor

an official who watches others for correct behavior; to remove offensive material from

subjectively

based on personal opinion

implore

beg someone earnestly or desperately to do something

Cold Read

brand new story you have not read before with skills-based questions

malicious

characterized by malice; intending or intended to do harm

plot elements

exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution

inextricably

in a way that is impossible to disentangle or separate.

character - protagonist

is the central character of a drama, novel, short story, or narrative poem - drives the plot forward

feeble

lacking physical strength, especially as a result of age or illness

perpetual

never ending or changing

parallel structure

repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.

eccentricity

strange and unconventional behavior; oddness

narration

telling a story

character - antagonist

the character that the main character (protagonist) struggles against.

treason

the crime of betraying one's country

theme

the moral or lesson that a story tries to convey to the reader

point of view

the perspective from which a story is told

epigraph

the use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme

claim

the writer's position on an issue or problem (an argument)

defer

to put aside until later; to yield respectfully; to delay

paraphrase

to restate in other words - still needs a citation since you are restating the source's original ideas and not your own.