Environmental Science Chapter 6

Marine reserves are more common and easier to manage than terrestrial reserves.

F

What technique might you use to determine size and location of a preserve to protect grizzly bears?

GIS

An increased number of cowbirds (a species that likes areas where grassland and forests meet) would be an indicator of

increased edge habitat.

In general, the global range of world deserts are

increasing because of logging and grazing.

The causes of deforestation include the following factors, except

indigenous people

Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it

is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly labor.

Economically, monoculture forestry is advantageous for the loggers because

it produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use, such as building timber or paper pulp.

Knowing that there are many endangered species found in the old growth forests of the United States, what might you expect remains today of all the old growth forests that stood in the United States before European settlement?

less than 10 percent

Annually, the Forest Service __________ on timber sales mainly because of the emphasis on ________________.

loses money; building roads into wilderness areas

The most sustainable land use in tropical forests is probably

milpa farming.

Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to

overcrowding of private livestock.

A more sustainable form of managing grasslands is

rotational grazing.

A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing countries is

the REDD program.

A major limiting factor to success of parks and reserves in developing nations would be

the lack of money and infrastructure to manage the parks and preserves.

Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because

they contain such high biodiversity

The primary aim of the U.S. Forest Service has historically been to provide ______________ based on Pinchot's philosophy of _________________.

timber to logging companies; pragmatic conservation

Seasonal migration allows grazing livestock to

use marginal lands year after year with modest environmental damage.

The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually

the disappearance of palatable herbs.

Which nation listed below has the highest deforestation rate?

Brazil

National parks are an important part of our heritage,

but they are endangered by overcrowding, pollution, and in some places, mining.

One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use _______________ to link smaller habitat areas.

corridors

__________ are a proposed solution to enhance species survival by effectively creating a large preserve from several smaller ones.

corridors

Since tropical forests typically have only a few commercially valuable trees per acre, logging operations

do extensive damage because of road building and injury to surrounding trees.

The highest rate of forest loss occurs in

Africa.

United States national parks are managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

F

Preservation of genetic diversity essential for breeding programs to improve cultivated plants and domestic animals is part of the

IUCN World Conservation Strategy.

The increase in which of the species below would indicate to you that the pasture you see is overgrazed?

Sage.

Which forest harvest method would leave the forest as close to a natural old growth forest as possible?

Selective harvest

Diversity can be preserved by linking reserves together with corridors.

T

The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns.

T

REDD is a forest protection program sponsored by the

United Nations Environment Program.

Which of the following statements regarding wildlife refuges is true?

Wildlife refuges are managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.

Old-growth forests are notable for containing species that

are highly adapted to their special environment.

The IUCN world conservation strategy is directed at protecting

ecosystems and biodiversity.

Monetary inputs to local economies due to the presence of parks and reserves is

ecotourism.

Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has _______ and park budgets have ________.

increased by one third; decreased by about 25%