EOC Biology

Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins?

DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins.

What will most likely happen if a nonnative species is introduced into a stable ecosystem?

The native species will have to compete for resources with the nonnative species, and the ecosystem will become unbalanced.

Scientists believe that the polar bear in Alaska and the brown bear in Russia evolved from a common ancestor. Which would be responsible for this evolutionary change?

geographic isolation

Which word equation best represents the process of cellular respiration? *

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

Which will most likely cause an increase in the frequency of genetic mutations in humans?

increased exposure to X-rays

Which process can occur in both mitosis and meiosis?

independent assortment

During which phase of the cell cycle does most cell growth occur?

interphase

The chemical colchicine disrupts cell division. Which cell process would most likely stop if colchicine were added to a culture of human liver cells?

mitosis

What would most likely be produced when a cell with eight chromosomes undergoes mitosis?

two cells with eight chromosomes each

A contractile vacuole helps protists eliminate excess liquid. This is a "pumping" process which reduces pressure inside the cell and prevents the cell from bursting. What is most likely the source of energy for this process？

A T P

Why must DNA replication have to occur before a cell can divide by mitosis?

A to maintain the same number of chromosomes in the daughter cells as in the parent cell

A section of DNA has these bases: TAG CAG TAC Which mRNA sequence is produced from this DNA section?

AUC GUC AUG

Why are many farmers encouraged to plant different types of crops on the same land throughout the year?

It helps to preserve the quality of the soil.

Which transgenic organism has been used to clean up oil spills?

Bacteria

What do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain?

Cytoplasm

This diagram shows a red blood cell in a beaker that contains a solution with a higher salt concentration than that inside the red blood cell. What will happen to the red blood cell in this environment?

D The red blood cell will shrink from losing water molecules.

These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism. How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions

During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

Genetically identical plants will produce either pink flowers or blue flowers, depending on the type of soil in which they are planted. What is most likely the explanation for the differences in flower color?

Environmental factors affect flower color.

Which best explains why the rate of a biochemical reaction decreases at high temperatures

The shape of the enzyme changes.

What will most likely occur if the population of the world continues to increase at predicted rates?

There will be more rapid depletion of natural resources.

During translation, what does the tRNA deliver to the ribosomes?

amino acids

How are mitosis and meiosis similar?

both require DNA replication

How do some chemicals increase the risk of a person getting cancer?

by causing cell mutations

Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure? *

chloroplast

What activity most contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer?

release of CFCs

Which is a primary function of a vacuole in a cell? *

storage

What determines the function of a specialized cell?

the active genes in the cell

What carries the instructions for making amino acids in a protein?

the nitrogen base bonding on the DNA molecule

What is the difference between the DNA of a dog and the DNA of a fly?

the sequence of nucleotides

How does the body of a runner keep up with the demand for energy when cellular oxygen levels are low?

through anaerobic respiration in the cytoplasm