ERP Practice Test 2
According to the USDA guidelines, during a power outage the refridgerator should keep food safely cold for about _____ hour(s) and a full freezer will hold the temperature for approximately _____ hours if the door remains closed A. 4, 48 B. 1, 12 C. 2, 24 D. 6, 72
4, 48 The refrigerator should keep food safely cold for about 4 hours if it is unopened. A full freezer will hold the temperature for approximately 48 hours (24 hours if it is half full and the door remains closed)
A group of registered dietitian nutritionists meet with legislators to educate them on an important nutritition issue. This activity is known as A. Advocacy B. Lobbying C. Sponsership D. Petitioning
A. Advocacy Advocacy is when an individual or group educates legislators or other government officials and advocates for change on issues they are passionate about. Lobbyists are professionals who are paid to visit Congress and advocate for specific issues. Sponsorship is when a legislator endorses and introduces a bill. In petitioning, a group signs a written request asking for a legislator to pass a bill.
A general rule for appropriate protion sizes for toddlers and preschool children is to offer which of the following? A. Approximately 1/2 of the adult portion B. 1/4 to 1/s2 cup of each of three foods per meal C. 2 tablespoons of each food per meal for each year of the child's age D. 1 teaspoon of each food per meal for each year of the child's age
A. Approximately 1/2 of the adult portion It is appropriate to offer toddlers and preschool children approximately half of the adult portion size of food at meals, based on MyPlate serving sizes. Serving 1 tablespoon of each food per meal for each year of the child's age has also been recommended
Which additive is useful as a bleaching agent? A. Benzoyl peroxide B. Citric acid C. Canthaxanthin D. Butylated hydroxyanisole
A. Benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl peroxide is a food additive that can be used as a flour treatment agent. It oxidizes the naturally occuring carotenoids in flour, which gives untreated flour a yellowish tint, and whitens the flour as a result.
Which perservative os often used as a fungicide and mold preventative in bakery products? A. Calcium propionate B. Calcium carbonate C. Calcium silicate D. Calcium alginate
A. Calcium propionate Calcium propionate is used as a perservative in bread and other baked goods. It keeps bread and baked goods from spoiling by preventing mold and bacterial growth.
Which statement best describes the F component of the FADE performance improvement model? A. Choose a specific problem or process to improve B. Review data to better understand the current process C. Create a plan D. Complete a pilot study
A. Choose a specific problem or process to improve In the FADE model, F= focus; during this step, the process to be improved is identified and defined. A= analyze; review of data. D= develop; action plans are developed. E= execute; pilot studies are conducted
A manager evaluating the payoff of hiring new personnel in terms of dollars and increased achievement is using which of the following? A. Cost-benefit analysis B. Decision tree analysis C. Linear progression analysis D. Network analysis
A. Cost-benefit analysis Before adding new staff or programs, managers will usually compare program implementation and maintenance costs with their associated increase in performance. The increase in performance yields a payoff that is reflected either as a dollar amount or in the achievement of organizational programs
Which area in the kitchen usually has the least amount of foot candles per square foot? A. Dry-storage B. Utensil-storage C. Preperation D. Inside reach-in refrigerator
A. Dry-storage Dry storage needs a minimum of 10 foor-candles. Utensil-storage and inside reach-in refrigerators need a minimum of 20 foot-candles. Preperation areas need a minimum of 50 foot-candles
A community nutritionist can best elicit opinions as to why a particular nutrition program is not working by A. Forming a focus group B. Examining the results of the pre and post test C. Sharing the problem with similar agencies D. Redefining the target population
A. Forming a focus group A focus group would allow the nutritionist to solicit opinions from members of a target group regarding perceived needs and barriers, or even why certain programs aren't working
The World Health Organization growth charts are appropriate for A. Healthy infants B. children with cerebral palsy C. children with down syndrome D. premature infants weighing less than 1500 g at birth
A. Healthy infants It is appropriate to use the WHO charts for plotting the growth of healthy US infants aged 0 to 2 years. Premature infants and children with Down syndrome or cerebral palsy require special growth charts
What is likely to be present in a patient with chronic heart failure and symptomatic edema who is receiving thiazide medication? A. Hypokalemia B. Hypernatremia C. Hypocalcemia D. Hypoglycemia
A. Hypokalemia Thiazide is a diuretic that pulls potassium from the blood. Hypokalemia should be expected in the laboratory results
What does the F component of the FOCUS-PDCA performance improvement model represent? A. Identify a process to improve B. Develop a team C. Explain the current process D. Maintain and continue improvement
A. Identify a prcoess to improve In the FOCUS-PDCA model for performance improvement, F represents finding an area to improve F= Find an improvement area O= Organize a team C= Clarify current practices U= Understand source of variation/problem S= Select a strategy PDCA= Plan Do Check Act
To make sure the correct service or treatment is delivered to the correct individual, what is an acceptable patient identifier in a health care setting? A. patient's phone number B. Patient's initials C. Patient's illness or condition D. Patient's age and sex
A. Patient's phone number The Joint Commission recommends using at least two patient identifiers when providing care, treatment, and services to avoid wrong-patient errors at all stages of diagnosis and treatment. Acceptable identifiers may the individual's full name, an assigned identification number, telephone number, or other person-specific identifier such as date of birth.
Among the following groups of people, the population that would experience the most serious consequences from contracting a foodborne illness is A. People with compromised immune systems B. Teenagers C. Women of childbearing age D. Smokers who are overweight
A. People with compromised immune systems People who have compromised immune systems are at a higher risk for experiencing the most serious consequences of foodborne illnesses and may experience more serious consequences from contracting a foodborne illness. Immunocompromised individuals need to follow safe food handling, cooking, and storage practices very carefully and avoid certain foods, such as undercooked meat, fish, poultry and eggs and unpasteurized products.
A group that is organized for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect or defeat political condidates is called a(n) A. Political action committee B. Health advocacy organization C. Alliance D. Lobbying group
A. Political action committee Although all groups listed may hav an impact on the legislature process, political action committees, or PACs, are the only ones organized for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect or defeat a political candidate
_______________ describes the linking together of free fatty acids during frying, which makes the oil more viscous and prone to foaming. A. Polymerization B. Smoke point C. Flashing D. Hydrolytic randcidity
A. Polymerization Polymerization increases oil viscosity, decreases oil quality, and leaves a sticky film on fryer, manufacturing equipment, and front-of-house surfaces
Inadequate weight gain and low-birth weight infant are of particular concern in which population? A. Pregnant adolescents B. Pregnant people over the age of 35 C. Overweight people who become pregnant D. People with a history of gestational diabetes
A. Pregnant adolescents Adolescents concerned about weight gain and social stigma tend to gain less weight during pregnancy. Weight gain is of concern for people who are older than 35, overweight, and/or have a history of gestational diabetes
What measures the ability of an organization to generate excess income in relation to sales? A. Profitability B. Solvency C. Liquidity D. Activity
A. Profitability Profitability measures a company's ability to generate excess income in relation to sales. Solvency refers to an organization's ability to meet its long-term debts, while liquidity refers to the organization's ability to meet short-term debts. Activity refers to the rate at which an organization transfers non-cash assets into cash assets
Which health sciences database is the most expansive and most practical for accessing orginal nutrition research? A. PubMed B. Merck Index Online C. Scopus D. The Cochrane Library
A. PubMed PubMed is the database of choice when it comes to the health sciences. The Scopus database is very large but has search engine limitations; Cochrane compromises systematic reviews for evidence-based practice; and the Merck Index is an encyclopedia of chemical substances.
A handwashing station must be equipped with the following items A. Running hot and cold water, soap, single-use paper towels, waste container, and signage indicating that employees should wash their hands before returning to work B. Running hot water, soap, a warm air dryer, waste container, and signage indicating that employees should wash their hands before returning to work C. Running hot and cold water, soap, hand sanitizer, towel to dry hands, waste container, and signage indicating that employees should wash their hands before returning to work D. Running hot water, hand sanitizer, single use paper towels, waste container, and signage indicating that employees should wash their hands before returning to work
A. Running hot and cold water, soap, single use paper towels, waste container, and signage indicating that employees should wash their hands before returning to work There are five components to a handwashing station: hot and cold running water, soap, a means to dry hands, waste container, and signage indicating employees are required to wash hands before returning to work
What type of metal pan is best for retaining the anthocyanin coloring in turnips? A. Stainless steel B. Cast Iron C. Copper D. Aluminum
A. Stainless steel Reactive metals can affect pigment in foods, but non-reactive metal cookware does not. Therefore, use stainless steel or heat-safe glass for cooking anthocyanin vegetables and fruits and store them in stainless steel or glass containers.
Which of the following foods is least likely to pose a choking risk for toddlers? A. Ground beef B. nuts C. popcorn D. round candy
A. ground beef Round and hard foods are easier to suck into the windpipe. ground beef represents a low choking risk in toddlers
When cooking fish, it should reach an internal temperature of: A. 135'F for 15 seconds B. 145'F for 15 seconds C. 155'F for 15 seconds D. 165'F for 15 seconds
B. 145'F for 15 seconds
What is the youngest age at which its appropriate to begin using body mass index (BMI) for age to evlauate nutritional risk? A. 1 year B. 2 years C. 5 years D. 10 years
B. 2 years
The recommended weight gain during pregnancy for a person with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is A. 15 to 20 pounds B. 25-35 pounds C. 28 to 40 pounds D. 35 to 45 pounds
B. 25 to 35 pounds Normal pregnancy weight is based on BMI; for a person with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9, normal pregnancy weight gain is 25 to 35 pounds
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfed infants receive vitaminD supplementation of: A. 200 IU per day B. 400 IU per day C. 600 IU per day D. 1000 IU per day
B. 400 IU per day The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends supplementing breastfed infants with 400 IU vitamin D per day beginning soon after birth, as they generally do not get enough. Infants taking in less than 1 liter of infany formula per day should also be supplemented.
Hot, potentially hazardous foods must be cooled to ____F or below within 2 hours and then cooled to ____F below in the next 4 hours A. 140, 41 B. 70, 41 C. 41, 32 D. 100, 38
B. 70, 41 Bacteria grows much faster at temperatures between 125'F and 70'F so its important to have food pass through this temeprature range quickly to reduce growth of bacteria. Food must continue to be cooled to 41'F or lower to be removed from the temperature danger zone
Which of the following groups of whole grains is gluten free? A. Spelt, rye, oata, kamut, farro B. Amaranth, quinoa, millet, teff, buckwheat C. Bulgar, durum, farina, malt, orso, einkorn D. Corn, seitan, wheat, barley
B. Amaranth, quinoa, millet, teff, buckwheat Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, barley, and triticale, which a across between wheat and rye. This, a gluten-free diet would exclude these grains. Five whole grains that are gluten free are amaranth, millet, teff, buckwheat, and quinoa
Fruits and vegetables that have not been blanches prior to freezing are more susceptible to which kind of deterioration? A. Fermentation B. Browning C. Biological spoilage D. Freezer burn
B. Browning Blanching slows or stops the enzyme action. Enzymes help vegetables grow and mature. After aturation, however, the enzymes cause loss of quality, flavor, color, texture, and nutrients.
How is backflow prevented? A. Create a cross-connection B. Create an air gap between the faucet and the flood rim of the sink C. Create a physical link between the potable and contaminated water supply D. Use multiple sources of water to increase water pressure
B. Create an air gap between the faucet and the flood rim of the sink Backflow is the unwanted, reverse flow of contaminants through a cross-connection into a potable water supply. One of the ways to prevent backflow is to have an air space-- referred to as an air gap-- to seperate a water supply outlet from any potentially contaminated source.
Which of the following is a main component of continuous quality improvement (CQI) A. Development of new products or services B. Data collection C. Frass-roots intiatives D. Identification of high performing areas
B. Data collection CQI involves use of the scientific method for data collection. Other components include the identification of need including areas of low quality, commitment of management, priorization, planning, and organization
Which food would be most likely to contain propyl gallate? A. Gelatin dessert B. Nonfat dry milk C. Frozen pork sausage D. Canned tomatoes
C. Frozen pork sausage Propyl gallate is an antioxidant that is added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation. Oxidation is most likely to occur in products that contain fat, including sausage
Which market segmentation variable consists of characterisitics such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, income, education, and occupation? A. Geographic B. Demographic C. Phsycographic D. Behavioristic
B. Demographic Demographic variables are those that can be used to describe a person, such as age, race, income and so on. Geographic variables describe a physical location; physcographic variables describe personality, interests, or beliefs; and behaviorisitc variables describe consumer behaviors towards a product
Which additive might be useful as a sequestrant to maintain the white color of canned potatoes? A. Disodium inosinate B. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) C. Gaur gum D. Dipotassium phosphate
B. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) A class of food additivites known as sequestrants can be added to food to react with trace metals in foods, forming tightly bound complexes (sequestered), thereby preventing the decomposition of the food. The sodium and calcium salts of EDTA are common sequestrants in many kinda of foods and beverages.
which of the following is an example of conceptual skills in leadership? A. Actively listening to subordinates' ideas for raising capital B. Explaining the impact of a recession on staff salaries C. Designing a portal for client communications D. Cross-training staff in performance evaluation completion
B. Explaining the impact of a recession on staff salaries Conceptual skills are rooted in ideas, whereas human skill is knowledge of and ability to work with people and technical skills are related to working with systems and processes.
The largest hunger-relief organization in the United States is A. UNICEF B. Feeding America C. Meals on Wheels Association of America D. The Hunger Project
B. Feeding America Feeding America is the largest domestic hunger-relief organization in the United States and serves the greatest number of food insecure individuals in the United States. UNICEF and the Hunger Project are international organizations
Which food is likely to be irradiated to inhibit deterioration due to mold formation? A. Soda pop B. Fresh strawberries C. Poultry D. Ground beef
B. Fresh strawberries Fruits and vegetables are prone to destruction by mold. Irradiation prolongs shelf life of many fruits and vegetables by reducing growth of spoilage bacteria and mold by inhibiting sprouting and maturation
Which of the following terms is related to marketing? A. Needs of seller B. Future growth C. Planning for today D. Sales volume
B. Future growth Successful marketing focuses on producing goods that customers want, forecasting future growth, and being profit oriented. On the other hand, selling stresses the needs of the seller, focuses on the product, is sales-volume-oriented, and plans for today.
What type of budget uses the existing budget as a base and projects changes for the ensuing year in relation to the current budget? A. Fixed B. Incremental C. Flexible D. Zero-based
B. Incremental Fixed budgets (also known as static budgets) do not change basd on variations in business. Flexible budgets are able to change depending on business activity. Incremental budgets use existing budget numbers as a base with incremental amounts added relative to the current budget
Which of the following is true with regard to offering discounts for nutrition services? A. Cash-paying clients should be excluded from receiving discounts B. Medicare and Medicaid recipients are ineligible for discounts to covered services C. Payors prefer that clients pay out of pocket when they are able, even for covered services D. Discounts for cash-paying clients should be offered based on insurance coverage
B. Medicare and Medicaid recipients are ineligible for discounts to covered services Discounts are not allowed for Medicare and Medicaid recipients if the service is covered by their plan; however, discounts may be offered to this population for services that are not covered. Discounts should generally be offered consistently, regardless of method of payment. And many payors prohibit insured individuals from paying out-of-pocket for a covered service performed by a contracted provider
What causes an increased risk of colon cancer by altering hormone levels that affect cell growth? A. Hyperthyroidism B. Obesity C. Alcoholism D. Celiac disease
B. Obesity Obesity can increase the risk of common cancers, including colon caner. Contributing to this risk is that obesity can alter hormones that influence cell growth. Although alcoholism also increases colon caner risk, it is not related to altered hormones that affect cell growth.
A patient complains of a malodorous ileostomy and frequently eats each of the following foods. Which food shoulf the patient be advised to limit? A. Yogurt B. Onions C. Banana D. Peanut butter
B. Onions Since onions have the strongest odor, it is the food most likely to contribute to malodorous ileostomy. Yogurt with active cultures might actually relieve odor.
What term is used to indicate the monetary value of a property or business beyone any amounts owed? A. Total assets B. Owner's equity C. Long-term liabilities D. Gross profit
B. Owner's equity Total assets are anything owned by the company including liabilities. Gross profit is the difference between net sales and the cost of the items or services sold. Monetary value of a property or business beyond debts is called owner's equity.
Which pectic substance found in mature fruits loses its ability to form a gel? A. Pectinic acid B. Pectic acid C. Pectin D. Protopectin
B. Pectic acid As a fruit ripens, there is maximum protopectin present; thereafter, it breaks down to pectin, pectinic acid, and, finally, pectic acid, and the fruit softens as the adhesive between the cells breaks down. Fruit that is just underripe or just ripe contains the highest level of pectin that the fruit is going to reach; past that, the pectin levels will decrease.
A manager who encourages qualified people to apply for existing or anticipated job openings is performing what act? A. Selection B. Recruitment C. Human resource planning D. Development
B. Recruitment Recruitment is the process of locating and encouraging potential applicants to apply for a job opening. Selection is the process of comparing applicant knowledge, skills, and abilities to those required of a position and choosing the applicant most qualified. Human resource planning is designed to ensure that the organization's labor requirements are met and involves both forecasting staffing needs and analyzing labor market conditions. Development refers to the process of improving the technical, human, and conceptual skills of employees
Which of the following is an unsafe way to thaw food? A. Running the food under cold water B. Running the food under hot water C. Placing the food in the refrigerator for 24 hours D. Using a microwave
B. Running the food under hot water Refrigeraotr, cold water, and microwave are dafe ways to thaw frozen foods. Each method requires planning and attention, however, even a small amount of frozen food, suh as boneless chicken breast, required a full day to thaw. Cold water thawing requires a leak-proof bag to ensure no environmental nor airborne bacteria affect the food. And microwaving requires that the food be cooked immediately upon the thaw begin complete
The foodborne illness often associated with poultry, egg products, and produce that has an onset of 6 to 48 hours, causing abdominal pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea is A. Listeria monocytogenes B. Salmonella C. Shigella D. Saphylococcus aureus
B. Salmonella Salmonella is the only microorganism listed that is associated with poultry, egg products, and produce.
What is the term for the loss of muscle mass that occurs with aging? A. Cachexia B. Sarcopenia C. Dystrophy D. Myotonia
B. Sarcopenia Sarcopenia is the term for loss of muscle mass. It is characterized by a progressive loss of muscle strength and function often associated with aging. Cachexia refers to wasting; dystrophy refers to defective nutrition and metabolism; and myotonia refers to muscle spasms
Which additive would inhibit mold in soda pop? A. Sorbitol B. Sodium benzoate C. Carmel D. Propyl gallate
B. Sodium benzoate Sodium benoate is a preservative, bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.
Which agency enforces food safety in a restaurant? A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention B. State or local regulatory authority C. Food and Drug administration D. US Department of Agriculture
B. State or local regulatory authority Stae or local regulatory authorities inspect operations, enforce regulations, and investigate complaints and illnesses. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigates outbreaks of foodborne illness. The Food and Drug Administration issues the Model Food Code. The Department of Agriculture regulates food that crosses state boundaries or involves more than one state.
What measures can be taken to improve tolerance to enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with moderate to severe acute pancreatitis? A. Using a standard polymetric formula B. Switching from bolus to continous infusion C. Waiting 72 hours before intiating EN D. Infusing EN into the stomach
B. Switching from bolus to continuous infusion Tolerance of EN in patients with moderate to severe acute pancreatitis can be improved by measures such as including minimizing the period of ileus by intiating EN as soon as possible within the first 48 hours of ICU admission, diverting the level of infusion of EN more distally in the gi tract, changing from a standard polymetric formula to either a formula with small peptides and medium-chain triglycerides or a nearly fat-free elemental formula, and switching from bolus to continuous infusion
Which of the following is true of raw shell eggs not specifically treated to destroy salmonella? A. They must be discarded B. They must be refrigerated while stored and displayed C. They must be hard-boiled within 48 hours D. They must be displayed with a sign indicating explicitly that salmonella may be present
B. They must be refrigerated while stored and displayed Raw shell eggs that have not been specifically treated to destroy salmonella must be refrigerated at an ambient temperature while stored and displayed. Signage is alos required, though it compromises safe handling instructions to prevent ilness from bacteria rather than an explicit statement that there is a risk of salmonella.
Which of the following are the correct Centers for disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts to use in a child care center for assessing the growth of a 6 year old boy? A. Weight for age and length for age charts B. Weight for age and stature for age charts C. stature for age and weight for stature charts D. length for age and weight for stature charts
B. Weight for age and stature for age charts Weight for age and stature for age charts are used in children ages 2-20 years. Weight for satature charts are only used in children ages 2-5 years; length for age and weight for age are used in infants and toddlers from birth to 2 years of age. The CDC recommends using World Health Organization charts for children 0-2 years of age and then cdc growth charts for children older than 2 years of age
Vison problems in older adults may be due to dietary factors such as A. excess sodium intake B. low intake of antioxidants C. excess intake of fat and cholesterol D. low intake of potassium
B. low intake of antioxidants Low intake of antioxidants can lead to vison problems later in life, as antioxidants repair cell damage
Which of the following is a nutrition-related side effect of contraceptive injections? A. Increased bone density B. Increased HDL cholesterol C. Increased LDL cholesterol D. Weight loss
C. Increased LDL cholesterol Potential nutrition-related side effects in patients receiving contraceptie injections includes weight gain, increased LDL cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol, and decreased bone density
Which of the following is designed to examine how effectively an organization is utilizing its assets? A. Assets to liabilities B. Debt equity C. Inventory turnover D. Break-even point
C. Inventory turnover The assets to liabilities ratio calcualtes the percentage of assets provided by debt. The debt to equity ratio tells what percentage of the company's assets are funded by shareholders' equity and debt. The break-even point is where expenses and revenue are equal. Effective use of inventory assets is reflected in the inventory turnover ratio
Which of the following does the Braden Scale measure? A. Risk factors that may lead to undernutrition B. Medical conditions that affect the ability to feed oneself C. Risk for pressure ulcers D. Appetite stimulants in the patient or client's environment
C. Risk for pressure ulcers The Braden scale, an assessment tool for predicting the risk of pressure ulcers, is based on the total scores of the six criteria-- sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition and friction
Which of the following is an example of an FDA-authorized health claim? A. "This product reduces LDL cholesterol by 4% and increases HDL cholesterol by 10% in 6 weeks" B. "This product contains omega-3 fatty acids, which inhibit the growth of tumors" C. "Three grams of soluble fiber from oatmeal daily in a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of heart disease. This product has 2 grams per serving" D. "Consuming at least 3 or more ounce-equivilants of whole grains per day reduces the risk of several chronic diseases"
C. "Three grams of soluble fiber from oatmeal daily in a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of heart disease. This product contains 2 grams per serving" The FDA's guidelines for approved health claims require use of the word "may". The other options offer definitive claims about health benefits
The recommended total weight gain during pregnanct for a woman who is overweight is A. 0 pounds B. 5 to 10 pounds C. 15 to 25 pounds D. 28 to 40 pounds
C. 15 to 25 pounds All women should gain weight during pregnancy. It is recommended that underweight women gain 28 to 40 pounds, women of normal weight gain 25-35 pounds, overweight women gain 15 to 25 pounds, and obese women gain 11 to 20 pounds
At what gestational age does a breastfeeding infant begin to demonstrate coordination of suckling, swallowing, and breathing? A. 28 weeks B. 31 weeks C. 32 weeks D. 34 weeks
C. 32 weeks Grasping the nipple begins in preterm infants at about 28 weeks gestational age, and suckling and removing some milk begins about 31 weeks. The coordination of suckling, swallowing, and breathing develops between 32 and 35 weeks of pregnancy, though suckling for only a short time is typical at that age. (Breastfeeding skills typically fully develop at 36 weeks gestational age)
What is the estimated energy requirement (EER) for a full-term, healthy, 4 month old infant who weighs 14 pounds? A. 609 kcal/day B. 578 kcal/day C. 521 kcal/day D. 421 kcal/day
C. 521 kcal/day (First convert weight from pounds to kilograms: 14 pounds/2.205= 6.35) Formula for estimated energy requirements (kcal/day) for an infant 4-6 months: (89 X weight of infant in kg)-44 Answer: 89 X (6.35kg)-44= 521 kcal/day
Which of the following would be categorized as a social-person etiology for diagnosing malnutrition in an adult? A. Client's diet includes excessive intake of sugar-sweetened beverages B. Client's laboratory values show insufficient protein intake C. Client lives in a rural area, which may affect access to grocery store D. Client has experience unintended weight loss of 10% of body weight over 3 months
C. Client lives in a rural area, which may affect access to grocery store Social-personal etiology is defined as a cause or contributing risk factors associated with a client's personal and/or social history. If relevant to the nutrition diagnosis, a cleint's geographic location would be noted under client history, which is where personal and social history factors are documented. Excessive sugar-sweetened beverage intake would be noted in food and nutrition-related history, protein status would be noted in biochemical data, and weight would be noted in anthropomentric data
What must be true for a food to be labeled "low sodium"? A. Contains less than 5 mg sodium per serving B. Contains no more than 35 mg of sodium per serving C. Contains no more than 140 mg sodium per serving D. Contains at least 25% less sodium than the regular food
C. Contains no more than 140 mg sodium per serving
Which of the following is an emulsifier manufactured by splitting a fatty acid off triacylglycerol molecules and is useful in frozen desserts? A. Lechithin B. EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) C. Diglycerides D. Glycerol
C. Diglycerides At high temperatures, triglycerides are capable of rearranging into monoglycerides and diglycerides. Diglycerides are emulsifiers that are used in products like forzen desserts, margarine, and shortening to improve texture, stability, volume, softness, aeration, homogenization, and shelf life
What type of food causes histimine toxicity? A. Eggs B. Peanuts C. Fish D. Wheat-based products
C. Fish Histamine toxicity is a form of food poisoning related to fish. It is commonly linked to tuna, bonito, mackeral, and mahimahi. It can be confused with fish allergy, because if a person eats fish that has a high level of histamine, the response may resemble an allergic reaction to the food. The most common cause of acute histamine toxicity is inadequate refrigeration or spoiled fish, which causes an overgrowth of bacteria that converts histidine to high levels of histamine
What does the FIES measure? A. Fasting insulin B. Fat inhibitors C. Food insecurity D. Fiber intake
C. Food Insecurity The Food Insecurity Experience Scale, or FIES, measures severity of food insecurity based on a set of eight questions. The scale ranges from food security/milk insecurity to severe food insecurity and is intended to determine causes and consequences of food insecurity
Which of the following approaches is recommended to help reduce poor outcomes when treating overweight and obese clients? A. Prescribe a strict eating pattern with clearly demarcated health consequences for noncompliance B. Present case studies of other clients who experienced poor outcomes as examples of worst-case results C. Self-assess bias to ensure negative perceptions as omitted from the client evaluation D. Encourage client to check in daily with a full report of the previous day's intake
C. Self-assess bias to ensure negative perceptions are omitted from client evaluation Bias towards individuals with overweight and obesity does occur in heath care settings, when clinicians hold beliefs that those with obesity are lazy, do not comply with nutrition intervention, and lack self-control. Experiencing such bias from health care professionals is more likely to lead overweight/obese clients to avoid health screenings, cancel appointments, demonstrate maladaptive eating behaviors, and experience poorer treatment outcomes. Taking steps to increase empathy and reduce bias, such as developing a strong understanding of the complexities related to overweight/obesity, are recommended.
Which of the following is true of National School Lunch Program eligibility? A. Each student has access to NSLP benefits for only one school term B. Eligibility criteria for reduced-price meals are determined by individual states C. Students in households below 130% of the poverty line are eligible for free meals D. Value of staple foods must be calculated for inclusion in income determinations
C. Stuents in households below 130% of the povery line are eligible for free meals National School Lunch Program (NSLP) are set as a federal standard. Students in households below 130% of the povery line are eligible for free meals via NSLP whereas students between 130% to 185% of the pveroty line are eligible for reduced-price meals. The value of NSLP foods cannot be used when determining household income
Which of the following would affect an employee's eligibility for unpaid leave to care for a sick relative per federal law? A. The employee's availability to respond to questions that may come up at the office B. The nature of the relative's illness C. The number of employees at the organization D. The state the employee resides in
C. The number of employees at the organization To be eligible to take leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) leave, an individual must work for a covered employer. Private employers with at least 50 employees are typically covered by the FMLA. Although private employers with fewer than 50 employees are ineligible for coverage under the federal law, there may be applicable state family and medical leave laws
Which natural colorant might be added to pickles? A. Acetic acid B. Calcium chloride C. Tumeric D. Tragacanth gun
C. Tumeric
Structure/function claims on the label of a dietary supplement might describe how a nutrient A. prevents a disease B. alters the treatment of a disease C. affects normal body function D. cures common ailments
C. affects normal body function FDA guidelines aloow statements on dietary supplements that describe how a nutrient affects normal body function. On January 6, 2000, the FDA published a final rule in the Federal Register defining the types of statements that may be used on the label of dietary supplements without prior review by the agency. According to the FDA, statements that describe the effect a dietary supplement may have on the structure or function of the body are called structure/function claims. FDA's regulation also provides criteria to assist the consumer in determining when a statement about a dietary supplement isa disease claim, that is, a claim to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease. Disease claims require prior approval by the FDA and may be made only for approved drug products or for foods under seperate legal provisions that aply to health claims
Interpretation of BMI for children is A. Age specific B. sex specific C. age and sex specific D. the same as in adults
C. age and sex specific BMI charts are specific to children's age and sex. Adult BMI measurements should not be used for children or adolescents
Which of the following populations have a higher prevelance of iron deficiency A. school age children and children ages 3-5 years old B. infants and school age children C. infants and adolescents D. children ages 3-5 years old and adolescents
C. infants and adolescents Infants have a higher prevelance of iron deficieency because their diets are primarily milk based, and milk is not high in iron. Adolescents have a higher prevelance of iron deficiency because of their increased iron needs to support the rapid growth that occurs at this point in the lifespan
During their peak growth spurt, adolescent males are at greatest risk for a deficiency of A. protein B. copper C. iron D. phosphorus
C. iron Iron needs increase at a higher rate for adolescent males for development of lean body mass
A 2 year old child who drinks large quantities of milk and very little solid food is at risk for A. diabetes mellitus B. food allergies C. iron-deficiency anemia D. short stature
C. iron-deficiency anemia A large quanitity of calcium displaces iron and could result in iron-deficiency anemia
In a community needs assessment report, the passage "...the southeast region of Essex County, including the adjoining municipalities of Kardon, Greenwalt, and Addison...," is an example of A. The target population B. the lead organization C. the definition of the community D. the stakeholders
C. the definition of the community This passage defines the community. Community can be defined by not only common interest and values but also geographic boundaries
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is more likely to occur in which of the following populations? A. preterm infants B. Obese adolescents C. Adults age 18 to 35 with hypertension D. Adults age 65+ years with type 2 diabetes mellitus
D. Adults age 65+ years with type 2 diabetes mellitus Hylperosmolar hyperglycemic state-- a rare condition that presents with extremely high blood glucose levels, elevated serum osmolarity, extreme dehydration, and low amounts of ketones-- often occurs when people with type2 diabetes have an infection or forget to take their medications. Because the prevelance of type 2 diabetes is increasing in the aging population, who may have a higher likelihood of forgetting to take their medications and thus experience underlying infections, there is a high risk of hyperosmilar hyperglycemic state in seniors
Up to what age should head circumference be measured? A. 12 months B. 18 months C. 24 months D. 36 months
D. 36 months It is important to measure adequate head growth, to indicate brain development, up to 3 years of age
Which of the following financial terms represents current liabilities? A. Deprecation B. Retained earnings C. Acquisitions D. Accounts payable
D. Accounts payable A balance sheet provides a statement of an organization's assets (ie, current, fixed), liabilities (ie, current, long term), and owner's equity at a given time. Current liabilities (eq, notes payable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, current mortgage payable) are debts that must be paid within 12 months. Deprication is a fixed asset. Retained earnings are owner's equity
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart that is used to determine if a child is underweight or overweight plots A. Height for age B. Length for age C. Weight for age D. BMI for age
D. BMI for age BMI (body mass index) -for-age charts is used to classify children and adolescents as underweight, overweight, or obese. Weight-for-age is not used to classift children and adolescents as underweight or overweight but is important to help explain changes in BMI-for-age in older children
Which of the following statements best describes the similarities between the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)? A. Both programs are regulated by the USDA, provide referrals to health care and other social providers, and are entitlement programs B. Both programs are regulated by the USDA, contain income eligibility guidelines, and are entitlement programs C. Both programs are regulated by the USDA, contain income eligibility guidelines, are entitlement programs, and recipients msut have a documented medical or nutritional risk D. Both programs are regulated by the USDA and contain income eligibilty guidelines
D. Both programs are regulated by the USDA and contain income eligibility guidelines Both programs are regulated by the USDA and they both impose eligibility guidelines, but WIC is not an entitlement program, and SNAP eligibility isn't based on nutritional risk; instead eligibility is based on family income
Which of these foods are considered generally safe for consumption by people with compromised immune systems? A. All salad dressings B. Gorgonzola cheese C. Uncooked tofu D. Canned Soup
D. Canned soup Canned soup is generally considered safe for consumption by immunocompromised individuals. Gargonzola contains mold, Caesar salad dressing contains raw eggs, and tofu should be cooked before eaten if one's immune system is compromised
Which of the following would present a challenge in interpreting results of a meta analysis? A. Having a study question with a specific outcome in mind B. Reporting results by random effects rather than only by fixed effects C. Including literature that has not been peer reviewed D. Combining results from case-controlled and randomized studies
D. Combining results from case-controlled and randomized studies A meta analysis generally begins with formulating a study question that targets a specific outcome. Including "gray" literature such as reports, unpublished theses, books, and other materials beyond peer-reviewed literature in a search is considered an effective search strategy. Meta analyses should include reports compromising both fixed and random effects. But significant problems have been observed in meta analyses that combine results across different study designs like randomized controlled trials and case-control studies.
Which of the following is an example of workplace retaliation? A. Placing employee on a performance improvement plan long past the end of their probationary period B. Terminating an employee's contract for not meeting expectations noted on the job description C. Transferring an employee with satisfactory job performance but interdepartmental personality conflicts D. Discussing an employee's discrimination complaints during a reference check
D. Discussing an employee's discrimination complaints during a reference check Making a complaint of harassment or participating in workplace investigations is a legally protected activity, and punishing an employee for doing so is retaliation. Retaliation compromises any negative job action like demotion, discipline, firing, salary reduction, or reassignment. Publicly discussing an employee's discrimination complaints is a form of retaliation.
What products use "US Fancy" as a quality designation? A. Processed cheese products B. Milk and dairy products C. Eggs D. Fruits and vegetables
D. Fruits and vegetables "US Fancy" is a premium quality designator for fruits and vegetables. US Fancy fruits and vegetables are of more uniform shape and have fewer defects than US No. 1
Which of the following settings is most likely to use loss leaders? A. Correctional foodservice B. Inpatient health care facilities C. Group counseling clinics D. Grocery stores
D. Grocery stores Aloss leader is a strategy for selling a product or service at a price that is not expected to be profitable but is intended to attract new customers or to sell additional products and services in hopes of bulding a customer base. Loss leading strategies are commonly used when a business first enters the market
What is the process used to make fats and oils more solid at room temperaute? A. Cold pressing B. Winterizing C. Polymerization D. Hydrogenation
D. Hydrogenation Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms. It is a commerical process that adds hydrogen to double bonds of the unsaturated fatty acids. The number of double bonds decreases and saturation increases; as a result, hydrogenated fats are normally solid, instead of liquid, at room temperature
For a food to be labels "healthy," what must be ture for each serving? A. It provides at least 25$ DRV for vitamins A and C B. It contains no more than 75 mg cholesterol C. It contains no more than 140 mg sodium D. It contains no more than 3 g fat
D. It contains no more than 3 g fat Per food labeling guidelines, a food cannot be labels as "healthy" unless it meets the standard of no more than 3 g of fat per serving
Which of the following illnesses is most commonly linked to raw meat, unpasteurized dairy products, and ready-to-eat foods such as hot dogs, deli meats, and soft cheeses? A. Bacillus cereus B. Clostridium botulinum C. Clostridium perfringens D. Listeria monocytogenes
D. Listeria monocytogenes Listera monocytogenes is the only one of the pathogens listed that is associated with the raw meat, unpasteurized dairy products, and ready-to-eat foods like hot dogs, deli meats, and soft cheeses
What is the term for when a starch gel contracts and leaks water? A. Dextrinization B. Retrogradation C. Cold pressing D. Gelatinization
D. Retrogradation Retrogradation is a reaction that takes place in gelatinized starch when the amylose and amylopectin chains realign themselves, causing the liquid to gel
If an emulsion like mayonnaise is heated, what deterioration is most likely to occur? A. Precipitation of protein B. Hydrolytic rancidity C. Dehydration D. Seperation of the water and oil
D. Seperation of the water and oil Mayonnaise is an example of a permanent emulsion, consisting of egg yolks and oil. However, it is is heated, it is likely that the water and oil will seperate
Which of the following is one of the eight most common food allergens? A. Corn B. Lentils C. Rye D. Soybean
D. Soybean Soybeans are among the eight most common allergens. Corn, eye, and lentil are not on this list. The other most common allergens include milk, eggs, fish (bass, flounder, cod), crustacean shellfish (crab, lobster, shrimp), tree nuts (almonds, walnuts, pecans), peanuts, and wheat
What medication is appropriate for a diabetes patient with congestive heart failure? A. Thiazolidinedione B. Insulin C. Meglitinides D. Sulfonylureas
D. Sulfonylureas Thiazolidinediones can cause fluid retention, which mat precipitate heart failure. Meglitinides are contraindicated in diabetes patients with heart failure. Hospitalization and death rates for heart failure patients with diabetes and taking insulin are high than diabetes patients not taking insulin.
Which of the following groups of people best exemplifies the term "target population"? A. Those with similar nutrition and fitness goals B. Those with common characteristics or a common bond C. Those who will conduct community needs assessment D. Those who are the focus of a community needs assessment
D. Those who are the focus of a community needs assessment A community needs assessment evaluates the health needs of a defined group, known as a target population
What is the classification of a family having difficulty providing food for all its members, leading to one parent occasionally skipping meals and the parent eating very little to ensure the children have enough to eat? A. High food security B. Marginal food insecurity C. Low food security D. Very low food security
D. Very low food security "Very low food security" applies households in which the food intake of one or more members is reduced and eating patterns are disrupted because of insufficient money and other resources for food.
What is implicated if there is a giardia outbreak among customers frequenting a foodservice establishment? A. Seafood supplier B. Certain dairy-based ingredients C. Hot holding and cooling process D. Water system
D. Water system Giardia infection is caused by a waterborne microscopic parasite. It is an intestinal infection marked by abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea, and watery diarrhea.
A foodservice operation has a 1.93 current ratio. This value indicates to creditors that the foodservice operation most likely will A. not be able to meet long-term financial obligations B. not be able to generate profit in relation to sales C. be able to control expenses D. be able to pay bills when due
D. be able to pay bills when due Current ratio is calcualted by dividing current assets by current liabilities. The resulting number indicates an organization's ability to meet current finacnial obligations, and therefore, is a measure of bill-paying ability. Creditors use the current ratio to help determine if an organization has suffcient assets to repay debts over the next 12 months. Current ratios that are greater than 1 indicate the organization most likely will be able to pay bills when due and over the next 12 months.
Quality in the foodservice system is A. a program to eliminate defects B. a radical redisgn of business processes for dramatic improvement C. a source of increasinf costs D. defined by the customer through personal satisfaction
D. defined by the customer through personal satisfaction According to Gregiore and Spears, quality in foodservice systems is defined by the customer through satisfaction. Quality in foodservice systems systems should lead to decreased costs through elimination of erros and mistakes
The greatest number of employee injuries in kitchens is from A. burns B. contusions C. sharp knives D. slippery floors
D. slippery floors Falls on wet or greasy floors in a kitchen will cause more injuries and more severe injuries leading to potential workman's compensation claims than burns or cuts
Which statement best describes the P component of the PDSA performance improvement model? A. Determine how changes will be implemented B. Implement the intervention C. Determine the impact of the intervention D. Implement and monitor the plan
PDSA, or Plan Do Study Act, is an iterative, four stage problem solving model used for improving a process or carrying out change. The P component of PDSA includes planning how changes will be implemented. Actual implementation of the changes is included in D, determining the impact of the change is part of S (study). A, or Act, includes reflecting on the plan and the outcomes
