ERS 141 Chapter 7.1
Sedimentary rocks composed of physical fragments, regardless of fragment size, belong to what rock class? -Organic -Clastic -Biochemical -Chemical
Clastic
*The chemical weathering process of oxidation causes: -Iron-rich minerals to rust -Soluble minerals like calcite to dissolve -Minerals to organically decay -Feldspar minerals to turn to clay
Iron-rich minerals to rust
A sediment whose particles are large, poorly-rounded and poorly-sorted: -Is described as immature -Is described as mature -Could be both immature and mature -Is neither immature nor mature
Is described as immature
*Compaction and cementation are specific processes in the overall process called: -Deposition -Sedimentation -Lithification -Crystallization
Lithification
Which of the following is not a major sedimentary rock-forming mineral? -Quartz -Clay -Graphite -Calcite
Graphite
Which of the following is a cause of erosion? -Glaciers -Wind -Running water -All of the above
All of the above Glaciers, Wind, and Running Water
In general, sedimentary rocks form: -At lower temperatures than igneous and metamorphic rocks -At greater depths than igneous and metamorphic rocks -At greater pressures than igneous and metamorphic rocks -All of these
At lower temperatures than igneous and metamorphic rocks
Marine sedimentary rocks that require living organisms for their formation belong to what rock class? -Clastic -Biochemical -Chemical -Organic
Biochemical
The process by which very large sedimentary fragments are naturally "glued together" by a finer-grained matrix to form a rock is: -Crystallization -Cementation -Compaction -Deposition
Cementation
The process by which fine silt and mud are formed into cohesive sedimentary rock is called: -Compaction -Crystallization -Cementation -Deposition
Compaction
What is the name of the depositional feature that forms at the mouth of a river? -Stream bed -Floodplain -Delta -Channel
Delta
Which of the following is NOT a physical weathering process? -Ice and frost wedging -Root wedging -Thermal expansion due to sunlight -Dissolution
Dissolution
Almost without exception, the transport of sediment tends to move it: -Down slope -Up slope -Both of these -Neither of these
Down Slope
Which of the following is correct? -Erosion requires high energy and deposition requires loss of energy -Both erosion and deposition require high energy -Erosion requires low energy and deposition requires high energy -Both erosion and deposition require low energy
Erosion requires high energy and deposition requires loss of energy
Which of these is a marine depositional environment? -Mountain stream bed -Desert floor -Ocean seafloor -Swamp
Ocean Seafloor
*Which of the following is not a terrestrial depositional environment? -Desert -River floodplain -Glacial valley -Offshore lagoon
Offshore Lagoon
The class of sedimentary rocks associated with the accumulation and decay of plant materials is: -Clastic -Biochemical -Organic -Chemical
Organic
Tectonic fracturing and cyclical freeze-thaw are examples of: -Cementation processes -Physical weathering processes -Depositional processes -Erosional processes
Physical weathering processes
Which of the following characterizes sediment that's traveled a long distance from its source? -Well-rounded and poorly-sorted -Angular and well-sorted -Large (coarse) and well-sorted -Small (fine) and well-rounded
Small (fine) and well-rounded
Which of the following are listed in the correct sequence of occurrence? -Weathering, erosion, transport, deposition -Deposition, cementation, transport, erosion -Deposition, transport, erosion, weathering -Cementation, compaction, deposition, weathering
Weathering, Erosion, Transport, Deposition