ERS 141 Chapter 7.1

Sedimentary rocks composed of physical fragments, regardless of fragment size, belong to what rock class? -Organic -Clastic -Biochemical -Chemical

Clastic

*The chemical weathering process of oxidation causes: -Iron-rich minerals to rust -Soluble minerals like calcite to dissolve -Minerals to organically decay -Feldspar minerals to turn to clay

Iron-rich minerals to rust

A sediment whose particles are large, poorly-rounded and poorly-sorted: -Is described as immature -Is described as mature -Could be both immature and mature -Is neither immature nor mature

Is described as immature

*Compaction and cementation are specific processes in the overall process called: -Deposition -Sedimentation -Lithification -Crystallization

Lithification

Which of the following is not a major sedimentary rock-forming mineral? -Quartz -Clay -Graphite -Calcite

Graphite

Which of the following is a cause of erosion? -Glaciers -Wind -Running water -All of the above

All of the above Glaciers, Wind, and Running Water

In general, sedimentary rocks form: -At lower temperatures than igneous and metamorphic rocks -At greater depths than igneous and metamorphic rocks -At greater pressures than igneous and metamorphic rocks -All of these

At lower temperatures than igneous and metamorphic rocks

Marine sedimentary rocks that require living organisms for their formation belong to what rock class? -Clastic -Biochemical -Chemical -Organic

Biochemical

The process by which very large sedimentary fragments are naturally "glued together" by a finer-grained matrix to form a rock is: -Crystallization -Cementation -Compaction -Deposition

Cementation

The process by which fine silt and mud are formed into cohesive sedimentary rock is called: -Compaction -Crystallization -Cementation -Deposition

Compaction

What is the name of the depositional feature that forms at the mouth of a river? -Stream bed -Floodplain -Delta -Channel

Delta

Which of the following is NOT a physical weathering process? -Ice and frost wedging -Root wedging -Thermal expansion due to sunlight -Dissolution

Dissolution

Almost without exception, the transport of sediment tends to move it: -Down slope -Up slope -Both of these -Neither of these

Down Slope

Which of the following is correct? -Erosion requires high energy and deposition requires loss of energy -Both erosion and deposition require high energy -Erosion requires low energy and deposition requires high energy -Both erosion and deposition require low energy

Erosion requires high energy and deposition requires loss of energy

Which of these is a marine depositional environment? -Mountain stream bed -Desert floor -Ocean seafloor -Swamp

Ocean Seafloor

*Which of the following is not a terrestrial depositional environment? -Desert -River floodplain -Glacial valley -Offshore lagoon

Offshore Lagoon

The class of sedimentary rocks associated with the accumulation and decay of plant materials is: -Clastic -Biochemical -Organic -Chemical

Organic

Tectonic fracturing and cyclical freeze-thaw are examples of: -Cementation processes -Physical weathering processes -Depositional processes -Erosional processes

Physical weathering processes

Which of the following characterizes sediment that's traveled a long distance from its source? -Well-rounded and poorly-sorted -Angular and well-sorted -Large (coarse) and well-sorted -Small (fine) and well-rounded

Small (fine) and well-rounded

Which of the following are listed in the correct sequence of occurrence? -Weathering, erosion, transport, deposition -Deposition, cementation, transport, erosion -Deposition, transport, erosion, weathering -Cementation, compaction, deposition, weathering

Weathering, Erosion, Transport, Deposition