Essentials of pharmacology Chapter 17
A regimen ordered that would likely be active against the organism encountered at the given site of infection
Empiric anti-infective regimen (Broad Spectrum)
Optic neuritis with visual problem that can be reversed if discontinued early is a side effect of
Ethambutol
A single oral dose of this drug is effective in treating vaginal candidiasis, it is also the most widely prescribed anti-fungal agent. Acts against candida without serious toxicity of amphotericin B
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
Hepatic abnormalities, dizziness and headaches are side effect of what drug
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
This drug interacts with Warfarin that increase prothrombin time that could cause hemorrhage
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
precautions and contradictions of this drug is pregnant or nursing women and hepatic or renal disease
Fluconazole (Diflucan)
Ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity and Red Man's Syndrome are side effects of this drug
Vancomycin
This drug is structurally unrelated to other antibiotics. It is the drug of choice for MRSA. (oral form does not treat systemic infections only GI infections)
Vancomycin
Considered first-line therapy for adolescents in the treatment of otitis media
amoxacillin
Agents that are used to treat specific susceptible fungal disease
antifungals
Hypersensitivity, blood dyscrasia, renal toxicity, and phlebitis are side effects of
cephalosporins
What is the classification of cephalexin (skin, UTI), cefaclor (bacteria pnemonia), ceftriaxone (STI's i.e. goorrhea), cefepime, ceftatoline (MRSA & VRSA)
cephalosporins
precaution and contradiction of this classification is knowing allergies especially to penicillin
cephalosporins
This drug has side affects of DARK URINE (common but harmless) and anorexia, metallic taste and XEROSTOMIA (dry mouth)
metronidazole
This drug is a synthetic antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent that is effective against protozoa such as trichomonas vaginalis and for the treatment of amebiasis and giardiasis. MOST EFFECTIVE DRUG AVAILABLE AGAINST ANAEROBIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS.
metronidazole
Hepatic toxicity and GOUT are side effect of
pyrazinamide
Diarrhea, vaginitis, stomatitis, or glossitis are all symptoms of a
superinfection
sudden onset of dyspnea, chest constrictions shock, and collapse. treated with epinephrine corticosteroids and cpr. death ay result if treatment is not give. this is an example of sever reactions called
-Anaphylaxis
How long until a C&S test is available?
24-48 hours
An over-response of the body to specific substance
Allergic Hypersensitivity
Tinnitus, high-frequency hearing loss, reduced renal function, dehydration, pregnant and nursing women, infants and older adults are examples of precautions or contradiction for what classification
Aminoglycosides
classification that treats gram-neg and gram-pos and short-term treatment of septicemia.
Aminoglycosides
what is the classification of amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin
Aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity (expected) and hypokalemia are side effects of what drug
Amphotericin B
The drug of choice to treat severe fungal infections resulting from immunosuppressive therapy or in patients with AIDS or those with severe illness (meningitis).
Amphotericin B
superinfection such as c-diff and thrush are manifested how?
By killing normal flora in the intestines or mucous membranes
What classification is produced by a fungus related to penicillins, and some patients allergic to penicillin are also allergic to it
Cephalosporins
This drug is used for treatment of serious resporatyory tract infections, septicemia, osteomyelitis, serious infections of the female pelvis caused by suceptible bacteria, and for pneumocytist jirovecii pneumonia associated with AIDS. prophylactic regimen in dental procedures for penicillin-allergic patients.
Clindamycin
Tissue damage such as ototoxicity nephrotoxicity, blood dyscrasia phlebitis or phytotoxicity are examples of
Direct Toxicity
First step in treatment of Infection & parasitic disease
ID causative organism and the specific meds to which t is sensitive i.e. culture and sensitivity test
Chronic liver disease or alcoholics are precautions or contraindications of
INH and rifampin
The initial regimen for the treatment of TB include
INH in combination with rimfampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol
A side affect of this drug is hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia and neutropenia
Micafungin
This drug is a newer class of antifungal, treatment of esophageal candidiasis and candidemia and for stem cell transplantation prophylaxis
Micafungin
Serious Side effects of aminoglycosides
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Side effects of this drug are rare but usually includes nausea vomiting and diarrhea with high oral dose
Nystatin
This drug is structurally related to amphotericin B and is used orally to treat cavity candidiasis. Also used as fungicide in the topical treatment of skin and mucous membranes, for example the diaper area, mouth, or vagina.
Nystatin
CYRSTALLURIA, phototoxicity, and possible CARTILAGE OR TENDON DAMAGE are side effects of what classification
Quinolones
Warfarin and antacids are interactions for what classification
Quinolones
What classification is for the treatment of some infections of the urinary tract sinuses, lower respiratory tract, GI tract, SKIN,BONES, and JOINTS, and gonorrhea.
Quinolones
What is the classification of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin
Quinolones
Antacids, iron, dairy products, oral contraceptives are interactions of what classification? (can decrease absorption)
Tetracyclines
DISCOLORED TEETH IN FETUS OR YOUNG CHILDREN, RETARDED BONE GROWTH, superinfections and photosensitivity are side effects of what classification
Tetracyclines
Precautions and contraindications of this classification are pregnancy and lactation, children under age 8 years, patients exposed to direct sunlight.
Tetracyclines
What classification is a broad-spectrum antibiotics used in the treatment of infections caused by rickettsia, or some uncommon bacteria. Diseases such as ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER, atypical pneumonia, some STI's and some severe cases of inflammatory acne
Tetracyclines
Cephalosporins are broad-spectrum antibiotics. True or false?
True
To help restore normal flora treatment consist of antifungal medication such as
Yogurt buttermilks or administration of probiotics
Rash, urticaria (hives), or mild fever is usually treated with corticosteroids or antihistamines and the medication is discontinued. This is an example of
a mild reaction
elevated levels of creatinine phosphokinase (monitor CPK weekly) is a side effect of this drug
daptomycin (Cubicin)
new class of antibiotics called lipopetides with a spectrum of activtiy similar to vancomycin. Shows promise in treating VRE infections and endocarditis with associated bacteremia
daptomycin (Cubicin)
Beta-blockers (worsen bradycardia), migraine medications (triptans)
linezolid (Zyvox)
Blood dyscrasia, GI DISEASE AND HYPERTHYROIDISM are precautions and contraindications of what drug
linezolid (Zyvox)
Nausea, headache, diarrhea, and ANEMIA AND THROMBOCYTOPENIA are side effects of what drug
linezolid (Zyvox)
This drug is indicated for gram-positive infections and is approved for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia, skin and skin structure infections and MRSA and VRE infections (administered IV or Oral)
linezolid (Zyvox)
Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps, and superinfections are side effects of what classification
macrolides
Carbamazepine, theophylline, benzodiazepines, warfarin and digoxin are interactions of what classification
macrolides
What classification is used for the treatment of many infections of the respiratory tract, skin conditions like acne, or when patients are allergic to penicillin it can be used as substitute medication for STI's
macrolides
erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin are in what classification
macrolides
Antibiotics produced from certain species of a fungus treat streptococcal and staphylococcal. drug of choice to treat syphilis prevent recurrences of rheumatic fever is what classification
penicillins
what classifications are amoxicillin and piperacillin
penicillins
