Ethics Ch3 True/False
False
"People often find it difficult to do what they believe is right" is a normative statement.
This question is not part of Utilitarian reasoning
"Who are the people involved, and what are my obligations to them?"
False
A moral theory is a coherent and systematic presentation of some view of the basis of good and bad.
False
A teleological moral theory is one in which ends or goals play a key role.
Choice A
A will bring 5 people each 8 days of pleasure and 3 people each 2 days of pain, B will bring 8 people each 3 days of pleasure and 1 person 3 days of pain. According to act utilitarianism, all unstated factors being equal, which is the moral choice?
True
According to Bentham, some pleasures may be more valuable than others but only in so far as they are of greater intensity or duration.
Poor and despised
According to Glaucon, the perfectly moral man would be
Acting out of a will to do the right thing
According to Kant, the highest moral activity happens as a result of
False
According to Kant, the shopkeeper who charges an equal price of all her customers because she likes them is acting "out of duty."
False
According to Kant, to act with a "good will" means to do what will benefit others.
For our motive to do good or bad
According to Kant, we are morally responsible for which of the following?
Is not forced upon us and makes no sense at all
According to Mary Migley, "moral isolationism"
True
According to Mill, the only way to prove that something is desirable in itself (as an end) is to notice that people do desire it.
False
According to W. D. Falk, one would be given a good moral education if one were taught to be prudent.
The relationship between honesty and loyalty is conditional
According to W. D. Ross
True
According to act utilitarianism, if it produces more net utility or pleasure to give money that I had promised to return to a friend to famine relief instead, then I ought to give it to the relief fund.
Living in a moral society benefits us more than anything else
According to contractarianism, we should all be moral because
True
According to ethical relativism, there is no objective good or bad, right or wrong.
Do what is in one's self interest
According to individual ethical egoism one should
True
According to individual ethical relativism, I cannot be objectively mistaken in my moral judgments.
Act in the way they perceive to be best for them
According to psychological egoism people
True
According to the text, moral skeptics hold that it is difficult or impossible to know what is good or bad, right or wrong.
True
According to the text, one reason why we study ethics is to see whether we can justify the beliefs we already hold.
False
According to utilitarian moral theory, happiness is an instrumental good.
Pleasure
According to utilitarianism which of the following is an intrinsic good?
The Result
According to utilitarianism which of the following is useful for evaluating the morality of an action?
False
According to utilitarianism, an act that makes some people happy and others unhappy can never be morally right.
Prescriptive
Another word for normative is
False
Both Bentham and Mill hold that some pleasures are better in kind than others.
It is difficult to assign dollar value life or happiness
Cost-benefit analysis is one popular version of utilitarianism. Which of the following is the main problem identified with cost-benefit analysis in the textbook?
False
Ethical considerations always start with the top, in other words, with the formulation of ethical principles or basic ethical values.
True
Ethical egoism is criticized as contrary to commonsense morality.
there is no objective right and wrong
Ethical relativism holds that
False
Ethical relativism holds that there is a right and wrong, even though we do not agree about what is right and wrong.
agrees with legal actions—provides reasons for actions right or wrong
Ethical theory does which of the following
True
Ethics is branch of philosophy that makes only descriptive judgments.
False
Ethics is primarily a descriptive discipline.
True
Ethics is that branch of philosophy that is concerned with how we ought to live, with the idea of the good, and with the meaning of such concepts as right and wrong.
True
Ethics is that branch of philosophy that seeks to discover what different moral beliefs different people do in fact have.
Follows logic--- leads to right conclusion
Ethics requires skillful reasoning. Which of the following is not important to making a good argument?
Devine command theory
Euthyphro is about
True
In doing metaethics one analyzes the meaning and function of ethical language.
True
In his work, Utilitarianism, Mill's test or basis for distinguishing higher from lower pleasures is the preference of those who have experience of both.
True
In the reading from Utilitarianism Mill writes that we have learned by experience that murder and theft are wrong because they are generally injurious to human happiness.
Rescued a pie
In the story questioning Lincoln's ability to be selfless, Lincoln
Prevent us from truly examining our own culture
Isolating barriers
The complexity of calculating morality using a cost benefit analysis.
MacKinnon used the story of the Golden Gate Bridge to illustrate which of the following?
Explaining her action
Mary gives a few dollars to charity every week. When questioned, she tells her friends that she helps others because the world is a better place when people help each other. Mary is
Immortal
Metaethics is largely about studying The meaning of ethical language A synonym for unethical is
True
Midgley argues that we can understand other cultures well enough to judge their practices
False
Moral pluralists hold that there are many different ultimate values but question whether some rank higher than others.
satisficing
People tend to settle for the first solution that appears to work. What word describes their normal human tendency?
True
Psychological egoism is a descriptive theory and ethical egoism is a normative theory.
False
Psychological egoism is a theory that holds that we each ought to do what is in our own best interest.
As a general practice
Rule Utilitarianism asks that we consider the consequences of each act
True
Social or cultural ethical relativism holds that what is right is whatever one's society or culture holds is right.
True
Some moral philosophers believe that ethical relativism is nothing more than a lazy way to avoid really thinking about ethics.
True
Something that has value because people can use it to get what they want has instrumental value.
True
Starting at the conclusion and then looking for reasons that support that conclusion is the best way to build an argument that justifies an opinion.
Deontological
That type of ethics which holds that an act is never justified by its consequences, the end does not justify the means
God commands us to be good. Something good because god says it is
The Divine Command theory holds that
True
The Nash Equilibrium shows that not every game is win/lose and that cooperation sometimes beats competition.
subjectivism
The belief that all knowledge is personal knowledge, that we have access only to our own reality, is called what?
False
The belief that what is right in some circumstances is not necessarily right in others cannot be held by ethical objectivists.
Teleological is moral and deontological is immoral
The difference between teleological and deontological is that
The persons in the experiment had not consented to the study
The example in the beginning of Chapter Five suggests using humans as "guinea pigs" was immoral because
True
The following is an example of normative ethics: "Capital punishment is wrong because it is wrong to directly take a human life."
True
The following is an example of the reasoning of a rule utilitarian: "If the practice of lying is bad, then one ought not to lie now, even if in this case to lie would actually bring about better consequences."
False
The most reasonable form of psychological egoism holds that we always do what is in our own best interest.
True
The reason that Mill believes that pleasure is the only intrinsic good is because he believes that it is the only thing that everyone desires for its own sake.
A ring that can make the wearer invisible
The ring of Gyges can best be described as which of the following?
True
The story of Mr. Lincoln was supposed to illustrate the truth of psychological egoism.
True
The view that everyone ought to take care of him or herself because this would work to the benefit of all is not egoism but a form of utilitarianism.
True
To say that Sue has a right to know the truth is to give a consequentialist reason for being honest.
True
To say that something is a normative theory is to say that it tells us what we ought to do.
justifying his answer—rationalizing his answer
Tommy robs a bank because he wants the money; he feels he deserves it because, he says, "Society has given me a raw deal because I'm not white." Tommy is
True
Utilitarianism is a moral theory that holds that we ought to promote utility (overall human happiness) and not just personal pleasure.
False
Utilitarianism is a relativistic moral theory, for it recognizes that what is good in some circumstances is not always good in others.
False
Utilitarianism is an egoistic moral theory.
Even "good" people will do evil if they can act without consequence
What does Glaucon want to demonstrate with his story of the perfectly moral and perfectly immoral men?
She believes they are fiction
What is Midgley's opinion about pure, unmixed cultures?
Motives are within our control; not so consequences
What was one reason Kant focused more on motives than consequences?
Explaining his action
When asked why he killed those people, Bill explains that he has anger management issues that result from an abusive childhood. Bill is
Social cohesion
Which is not a reason for supporting ethical relativism
John Nash
Which of the following believed that competition did not always produce the best results?
FORM OF GOLDEN RULE- A branch of philosophy that uses reasons to support positions
Which of the following best describes Ethics?
As we develop our skills we will be able to win more ethical arguments.
Which of the following in not a reason given for developing our natural moral reasoning skills?
Based strictly on faith
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethical rules?
It cannot accurately identify preferences
Which of the following is NOT a criticism of preference utilitarianism?
Individual ethical relativism demands moral accountability from those who subscribe to the theory
Which of the following is NOT a problem for the individual ethical relativist?
we should treat others well so they will treat others well
Which of the following is not an example of ethical egoism?
Stress
Which of the following is not included in calculating the amount of happiness?
To act as the majority wishes
Which of the following is not necessary to act morally according to utilitarianism?
Rene Descartes
Which of the following was not one of the founders of utilitarianism?
True
While emotions or feelings may play some role in moral considerations, one is also expected to give reasons for one's moral judgments.
To show that being moral is ennobling
Why did the instructor read a passage from The Mountain People in which people gorged themselves on stolen food?
The class's disagreement about the date does not mean there is no such date, just as our diversity of moral views does not mean there is no correct moral view
Why does MacKinnon ask her classes about the death date of George Washington?
The theory offers no solution
You are tempted to steal a large sum of money. You feel like you shouldn't, but you also feel like you really want to. What does the theory of individual ethical relativism say to do?
That creates the best possible outcome, as if an "invisible hand" had guided the economy all along
In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith wrote that the government should take a hand-off (laissez faire) approach to the economy because
False
If people disagree about some moral matter, their disagreement will always to due to their having difficult moral values
