Ethics study guide

The basic purpose of professional codes of ethics is to: a) educate professionals about sound ethical conduct, provide a mechanism for professional accountability, and serve as a catalyst for improving practice. b) protect professionals from lawsuits. c) set standards that must be followed no matter the situation. d) enhance the image of the therapist.

a) educate professionals about sound ethical conduct, provide a mechanism for professional accountability, and serve as a catalyst for improving practice.

Ethics codes tend to be: a) reactive rather than proactive. b) no longer relevant. c) clear and direct. d) proactive rather than reactive.

a) reactive rather than proactive.

65. According to professional ethical principles on testing, it would be unethical for a counselor to: a. perform testing and assessment services for which they have not been adequately trained. b. develop, administer, score, interpret, or use assessment procedures that are appropriate for the situation. c. test within the client's socialized behavioral or cognitive patterns. d. consider the validity of a given test and interpret data in the context of the cultural characteristics of the client.

a. perform testing and assessment services for which they have not been adequately trained.

The standards established by the what require that programs provide curricular and experiential offerings in multicultural and pluralistic trends, including characteristics within and among diverse groups nationally and internationally. a. American Psychological Association b. National Association for Social Workers c. Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) d. Canadian Counseling Association

Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

80. In the case of domestic violence, clinicians agree that conducting couples therapy while there is ongoing domestic violence: a. presents a potential danger to the abused and is unethical. b. is a clinically sound idea. c. is about as effective as conducting couples therapy when abuse is not occurring. d. is illegal, but not unethical.

a. presents a potential danger to the abused and is unethical.

52. The skills and training required to effectively and appropriately treat clients in a specific area of practice, and is both an ethical and legal concept, is the definition for: a. formative assessment. b. summative assessment. c. therapist competence. d. techniques.

c. therapist competence

Privileged communication does NOT apply in cases of: a. clients' disclosures of personal and sensitive information. b. child abuse and neglect. c. unfaithfulness in one or both partners in couple's therapy. d. legal proceedings where the therapist is asked to produce a client's records in court.

child abuse and neglect.

Cathy is an eating disorders specialist who has a past history of bulimia. Given her personal experiences with dysfunctional eating patterns, Cathy: a) can draw upon her life experiences in her work as a counselor. b) should abandon her specialization and choose a new area to specialize in so as to practice ethically. c) should assume that her clients developed their dysfunctional eating patterns for the same reasons that she developed bulimia. d) should be very open with her clients about her struggles with bulimia and tell them her own stories to make

a) can draw upon her life experiences in her work as a counselor.

__________was passed by Congress to promote standardization and efficiency in the health care industry and to give patients more rights and control over their health information a. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) b. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1994 (FERPA) c. The H1N1 Prevention Act d. The Confidentiality and Privileged Communication Act

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

. _______is a sense of identity that stems from common ancestry, history, nationality, religion, and race. a) Ethnicity b) Multiculturalism c) Pluralism d) Commonality

a) Ethnicity

Which of the following statements on spirituality and religion is true today? a) They are both ethically appropriate topics to discuss, can play a major part in the client's life, and can be a significant source of strength. b) The role of spirituality in counseling is not considered an appropriate topic for discussion. c) Spiritual and religious matters are not therapeutically relevant. d) The therapist does not need to be sincerely interested in the client's spiritual beliefs to utilize them in the therapeutic process.

a) They are both ethically appropriate topics to discuss, can play a major part in the client's life, and can be a significant source of strength.

_________is the process whereby clients place past feelings or attitudes they had toward significant people in their lives onto their therapist. a) Transference b) Countertransference c) Projection d) Mirroring

a) Transference

51. To succeed in a malpractice claim, the plaintiff needs to show that a breach of duty did exist in which: a) the practitioner failed to foresee the client's intention to commit suicide despite warning signs that the client was decompensating and/or the practitioner failed to provide the appropriate standard of care. b) the client failed to get better in spite of reasonable care. c) there was no professional relationship between therapist and client. d) the client was explained informed consent in detail and the therapist practiced within his or her scope of capacity.

a) the practitioner failed to foresee the client's intention to commit suicide despite warning signs that the client was decompensating and/or the practitioner failed to provide the appropriate standard of care.

Autonomy refers to: a) the promotion of self-determination and the freedom of clients to be self-governing within their social and cultural framework. b) avoiding doing harm to clients. c) the act of increasing client dependency. d) the process used to lead a client to a specific decision.

a) the promotion of self-determination and the freedom of clients to be self-governing within their social and cultural framework.

The authors state that, in many ways, therapeutic encounters serve as mirrors in which therapists can see their own lives reflected. As a result: a) therapy can become a catalyst for change in the therapist as well as in the client. b) many therapists become narcissistic. c) therapists tend to commit ethical violations stemming from blurred boundaries. d) the therapist cannot experience change.

a) therapy can become a catalyst for change in the therapist as well as in the client.

78. Many believe it is wise to have a when counseling couples due to the complexity of the work. a. "no secrets" policy b. attorney c. hidden agenda d. three-year contract

a. "non secrets" policy

81. Yolanda is an experienced therapist who seems to always feel more compassionate toward the female members of the families she counsels. What are the most salient ethical issues involved in this case? a. Because of her bias, Yolanda may be inclined to collude with some family members against others, or otherwise contribute to dysfunctional family system dynamics. b. Yolanda has been practicing for many years, so her competence should not be questioned. c. Yolanda seems to advocate for those with less power in the family structure, so her stance is actually beneficial for all members of the families with whom she works. d. Yolanda must be in a same-sex relationship, which is unsanctioned by the professional organization in which she is a member.

a. Because of her bias, Yolanda may be inclined to collude with some family members against others, or otherwise contribute to dysfunctional family system dynamics

66. is based on a medical model of mental illness that defines problems as residing with the individual rather than in society. It does not take into account the political, economic, social, and cultural factors in the lives of clients. a. The DSM-5 b. V-codes c. Confidentiality d. Informed consent

a. DSM-5

59. is a developmentally informed process that provides useful feedback during one's training and throughout one's professional career. a. Formative assessment b. Summative assessment c. Developmentally-informed assessment d. Technique assessment

a. Formative assessment

57. Referring clients to other professionals is: a. appropriate when counselors do not have the clinical training or expertise to work with certain clients. b. unethical since it leaves the client feeling abandoned. c. indicative of poor character. d. illegal in some states.

a. appropriate when counselors do not have the clinical training or expertise to work with certain clients.

55. In , the Supreme Court considered that the student had been informed of the faculty's dissatisfaction with her clinical performance, and the student knew that unless she made significant improvement in this area, she would be dismissed from the program. The Court held that the decision to dismiss the student from medical school was based on a careful and deliberate evaluation by the faculty, and thus the student's dismissal was not a violation of her constitutional rights. a. Board of Curators of the University of Missouri v. Horowitz b. Shuffer v. Trustees of California State Universities and Colleges c. Jablonski v. the United States d. Hedlund v. Superior Court

a. board of curators of the uni of missouri v Horowitz

63. Differences in culture, ethnicity, religion, age, gender, and sexual orientation: a. could have a negative influence on the supervisory relationship if not understood and integrated. b. could allow the supervisory relationship the opportunity for molding the supervisee into what the supervisor believes to be a better person. c. would have no effect on the supervisory relationship. d. are immediate reasons to request a referral to a different supervisor, similarly to the therapist-client relationship.

a. could have a negative influence on the supervisory relationship if not understood and integrated.

74. A assigned to clients can have implications for their employment or future employability status. a. diagnosis b. empirically supported treatment c. assessment d. treatment manual

a. diagnosis

72. _ is the process of distinguishing and naming one form of mental disorders from another by determining which of two (or more) disorders with similar symptoms the person is suffering from. a. Differential diagnosis b. Psychological diagnosis c. Assessment d. Psychometric testing

a. differential diagnosis

84. People with traumatic brain injuries, paranoid individuals, hypochondriacs, those who are actively addicted to drugs or alcohol, acutely psychotic individuals, and antisocial personalities are considered poor candidates for a: a. heterogeneous outpatient intensive therapy group. b. inpatient therapy group. c. group dealing with specific issues such as addiction, brain injuries, personality disorders, and psychosis. d. specific group created for their specific issue.

a. heterogeneous outpatient intensive therapy group.

85. Potential drawbacks to the co-leadership model include all of the following EXCEPT: a. leaders who complement and balance each other. b. competition between leaders. c. overdependence on the co-leader. d. ineffective communication.

a. leaders who complement and balance each other.

77. Key values such as collectivism, interdependence, family embeddedness and connectedness, hierarchies of relationship, and multigenerational perspectives are more familiar concepts in cultures. a. non-Western b. Western c. Northern d. non-Northern

a. non western

It is illegal and unethical for a therapist to disclose confidential information when: a. the client consents to disclosure. b. there is a duty to warn or to protect third parties. c. an emergency exists. d. an employer requests disclosure to determine the mental status of an employee without their consent.

an employer requests disclosure to determine the mental status of an employee without their consent.

50. Of the following, which is an example of a behavior that might leave a mental health practitioner vulnerable to a malpractice suit? a) Used a procedure within the realm of accepted professional practice b) Employed a technique that he or she was not trained to use c) Used a procedure to which the client did not respond favorably d) Explained the possible consequences of treatment and the client still wanted to participate in the process

b) Employed a technique that he or she was not trained to use

The counselor who asks the questions "Am I doing what is best for my client?" rather than "Is this situation unethical?" is functioning from which of the following ethical perspectives? a) Principle ethics b) Virtue ethics c) Value ethics d) Practical ethics

b) Virtue ethics

Written consent forms should NOT include: a) a discussion of how a managed care system will affect the treatment, if applicable. b) a detailed description of what will occur in therapy and a guarantee that the client will resolve their issues. c) a statement describing the counselor's theoretical orientation and how this will affect treatment. d) clarification pertaining to fees and charges and procedures for filing for insurance reimbursement.

b) a detailed description of what will occur in therapy and a guarantee that the client will resolve their issues.

49. The intent of a(n)________is to define boundaries and clarify the nature of the basic counseling relationship between the counselor and the client. a) supervision contract b) informed consent document c) HIPAA document d) release of information form

b) informed consent document

Jan, an incest survivor, is covered for six sessions by her insurance. Her counselor is in private practice and knows that Jan needs more sessions. She decides to offer Jan her services pro bono. In making the ethical decision to ensure that her client has equal access to services, the counselor is using the basic moral principal of: a) fidelity. b) justice. c) nonmaleficence. d) autonomy.

b) justice.

People with chronic medical, physical, and mental disabilities represent: a) the second largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States. b) the largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States. c) the smallest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States. d) a diminishing minority and disadvantaged group in the United States.

b) the largest minority and disadvantaged group in the United States.

In an attempt to convince her young client to practice safe sex, Valerie fabricated her own statistics and facts about the hazards of unprotected sex. In this instance, Valerie violated the principle of: a) fidelity. b) veracity. c) beneficence. d) justice.

b) veracity.

44. Jolene tells her counselor that she is depressed about the break-up of her relationship and "just wishes she could go to sleep and never wake up." In this case, the counselor needs to: a. immediately commit Jolene to a psychiatric facility. b. assess if Jolene is suicidal and intervene if necessary. c. recognize that her statement is only a "cry for help" and should not be taken seriously. d. see if there is any chance for reconciliation.

b. assess if Jolene is suicidal and intervene if necessary.

76. Developing an approach to counseling is an ongoing and fluid process. Counselors in training tend to be drawn to a particular theory initially but modify it as they gain experience. Ultimately, your counseling orientation and style must: a. include some aspects of psychoanalytic theory. b. be appropriate for the unique needs of your clients and for the type of counseling you do. c. be a combination of all theories in the counseling field. d. be appropriate for some clients; other clients will change to fit your counseling orientation and style.

b. be appropriate for the unique needs of your clients and for the type of counseling you do.

In the case of disclosing confidential information when working with an HIV-positive client, several writers state that the therapist has a duty to protect when the following condition exists: a. the client is engaging in safe-sex with a committed partner. b. clear and imminent danger must exist. c. all potential victims must be warned, even if there have been multiple sexual partners over the years. d. all persons who have exchanged needles with the client must be found and warned of possible danger.

b. clear and imminent behavior must exist

67. _______________is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences. a. Feminist therapy b. Evidence-based practice c. Behavior practice d. Systemic therapy

b. evidence based practice

Joe has a counseling practice and is also teaching psychology part-time at a university. He is well-liked and trusted by students and some have asked for private counseling. Joe has decided to wait until semester break before taking them on as clients. Joe would be: a. exhibiting ethical behavior by telling his students that he will counsel them at the end of the semester. b. in a dual relationship with his students, which may cause ethical problems. c. playing favoritism by not counseling all of his students. d. not qualified to counsel his students because he is a part-time instructor.

b. in a dual relationship with his students, which may cause ethical problems.

70. Which of the following statements has NOT been supported by research? a. Therapy is helpful to the majority of clients. b. Most people achieve some change relatively quickly in therapy. c. Generally speaking, therapies achieve similar outcomes. d. People change more due to specific factors.

b. most people achieve some change relatively quickly in therapy

79. Feminists remind us that patriarchy has: a. positive effects on both women and men. b. negative effects on both women and men. c. positive effects on women and negative effects on men. d. negative effects on women and positive effects on men.

b. negative effects on both woman and men

64. In general, supervision should address trainee's personal concerns: a. on a daily basis. b. only to the extent that they may impede their ability to effectively work with clients. c. when the trainee is experiencing personal difficulties. d. never.

b. only to the extent that they may impede their ability to effectively work with clients.

60. When therapists extend the boundaries of their practice, or when they branch out into an area requiring specialty competence, they should: a. be sufficiently prepared if they read books and journal articles pertaining to the new specialty area. b. seek consultation with a competent practitioner. c. return to graduate school and receive another degree. d. gain competence on their own before consulting with other professionals.

b. seek consultation with a competent practitioner

54. _____ is an end point evaluation typically completed at the end of a professional program or when applying for licensure status. a. Formative assessment b. Summative assessment c. Therapist competence d. Technique

b. summative

The highest standards of thinking and a professional's willingness to reflect on the effects their interventions may have on the welfare of their clients describes what kind of ethics? a) Mandatory ethics b) Principle ethics c) Aspirational ethics d) Positive ethics

c) Aspirational ethics

53. _______is the failure to render professional services or to exercise the degree of skill that is ordinarily expected of other professionals in a similar situation. a) Risk management b) Standard of care c) Malpractice d) Informed consent

c) Malpractice

The Death with Dignity Act is a law in which state? a) New York b) Texas c) Oregon d) California

c) Oregon

Referring a client for differing religious beliefs, sexual orientation, or cultural background is called: a) an appropriate referral. b) a value imposition. c) a discriminatory referral. d) a value conflict.

c) a discriminatory referral.

A cross-cultural counselor who perceives reality exclusively through the filters of his or her own life experiences is said to be culturally: a) immersed. b) ignorant. c) encapsulated. d) biased.

c) encapsulated.

Ruth is counseling a woman who describes an extremely unhappy marriage. Ruth suggests she consider leaving her husband; however, the client has a deep spiritual conviction that marriage is for life and is not willing to consider divorce as an option. Ruth attempts to change her client's viewpoint. In this case, Ruth is: a) teaching her client to look at the negative consequences of her decision. b) exploring the client's spiritual reasons for staying in the marriage. c) imposing her values on the client instead of exploring the client's reasons for staying in the marriage. d) helping her client to explore healthy options.

c) imposing her values on the client instead of exploring the client's reasons for staying in the marriage.

In multicultural counseling, one must balance the importance of in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. a) liberal and conservative views b) western approaches and southern approaches c) individualism versus collectivism d) cultural encapsulation and assimilation

c) individualism versus collectivism

Termination of the therapy process: a) can be mandated by ethics codes alone. b) is regulated by state law. c) is decided jointly by both the client and the therapist. d) must always be decided solely by the therapist.

c) is decided jointly by both the client and the therapist.

Because providing counseling services over the Internet (also known as remote services or distance counseling) is relatively new and controversial, a host of legal questions will NOT be addressed until: a) the APA meets again to update the DSM. b) the next ACA annual conference. c) lawsuits are filed pertaining to its use, or misuse, in counseling practice. d) clients are interviewed about the effectiveness of online counseling.

c) lawsuits are filed pertaining to its use, or misuse, in counseling practice.

60. A set of knowledge and skills that are essential to the culturally skilled practitioner are called: a) coursework. b) culturally appropriate strategies. c) multicultural competencies. d) multicultural relationship.

c) multicultural competencies.

Mary is seeking abortion counseling from a practitioner who has been actively involved in the pro-life movement. The therapist has extreme discomfort with Mary's values and doesn't think he could maintain objectivity. It would be best if he: a) share his values with Mary letting her know the possible influence upon his therapeutic perspective. b) help Mary understand his values so she can make a different decision concerning her pregnancy. c) not refer Mary, but work within the client's values rather than his own. If he cannot obtain objectivity, he will need supervision to work through his issues. Referring Mary to another therapist for this reason could be determined as abandonment. d) set firm boundaries with Mary on what she can discuss in regards to her pregnancy.

c) not refer Mary, but work within the client's values rather than his own. If he cannot obtain objectivity, he will need supervision to work through his issues. Referring Mary to another therapist for this reason could be determined as abandonment.

Denise is a Euro-American social worker who is a former welfare client. A divorcee and mother of four, she succeeded in completing her degree and getting off the system in four years. She is now working in a welfare-to- work program where she enforces these goals for her multicultural clients. Denise's attitude and actions indicate that she: a) believes in her client's ability to achieve and live up to her expectations. b) is well intentioned and willing to challenge her clients. c) can serve as a model of what her clients can accomplish with their lives--if she could do it, so can her clients.is operating out of the majority value system and presuming that her clients have the same goals.

c) presuming that her clients have the same goals.

Marie is working with a lesbian client who is in a dysfunctional relationship with another woman. She is seeking counseling to sort out her options regarding leaving her emotionally abusive partner. Marie can assist her client by: a) automatically attributing her client's problems to her sexual orientation. b) attempting to change the sexual orientation of her client. c) supporting her client's attempt to leave the abusive relationship, work on her abuse issues, and eventually enter into a positive lesbian relationship. d) encouraging her client to realize how difficult it is to live in a lesbian relationship.

c) supporting her client's attempt to leave the abusive relationship, work on her abuse issues, and eventually enter into a positive lesbian relationship

The major duties of regulating boards include which of the following? a. Completing investigations into the ethical practice of new members for a short period to determine the possibility of unethical practice in the future b. Screening applications to determine appropriate candidates for the professional organization who will practice ethically and increase the positive image of the professional organization c. Determining standards for admission into the profession, screening applicants applying for certification or licensure, conducting disciplinary proceedings involving violations of standards of professional conduct as defined by law, and regulating the practice of psychotherapy for the public good d. Conducting evaluations of members' financial stability

c. Determining standards for admission into the profession, screening applicants applying for certification or licensure, conducting disciplinary proceedings involving violations of standards of professional conduct as defined by law, and regulating the practice of psychotherapy for the public good

71. _ believe that many symptoms stem from problems within the system rather than originating in the individual. a. Cognitive behavioral therapists b. Cognitive therapists c. Family systems therapists d. Psychoanalysts

c. Family systems therapists

46. In _____, a Supreme Court decision ruled that communications between licensed psychotherapists and their clients are privileged and therefore protected from forced disclosure in cases arising under federal law. a. Bradley Center v. Wessner b. Jablonski v. United States c. Jaffee v. Redmond d. Hedlund v. Superior Court

c. Jaffee vs. Redmond

49. According to professional codes of ethics, sexual relationships between client and counselor are considered to be ethical under which of the following circumstances? a. If the therapist is really in love with the client. b. If there is consent by the client. c. These relationships are not considered to be ethical under any circumstances. d. If the sexual relationship begins within six months of termination.

c. These relationships are not considered to be ethical under any circumstances.

Therapists who work with violent and suicidal clients a. are less likely to experience burnout or impairments. b. will not feel the effects of stress if they do not experience countertransference. c. are particularly vulnerable to stress. d. are more likely to see a positive outcome in therapy.

c. are vulnerable to stress

50. All of the following are true about bartering EXCEPT: a. bartering can be a dignified and honorable form of payment for those who are cash poor but talented in other ways. b. bartering is a healthy norm in many cultures. c. bartering is illegal and unethical. d. bartering can be part of a clearly articulated treatment plan; like other interventions, bartering must be e. considered in light of the client's needs, desires, situation, and cultural background.

c. bartering is illegal and unethical.

48. Marty is counseling with an Asian client who recently returned from a trip to Japan to visit relatives. His client wants to give him an inexpensive souvenir. It is important for Marty to: a. refuse the gift on ethical grounds. b. explain that the gift would change their relationship and create a conflict of interest. c. be aware that accepting the gift may be culturally appropriate with this client. d. explain that he cannot accept the gift until the counseling relationship is over.

c. be aware that accepting the gift may be culturally appropriate with this client.

58. When a practitioner has a license, he or she is: a. competent to work with all populations. b. competent to work with populations he or she had never worked with before. c. not competent to work with all populations. d. finally exempt from having his or her competence evaluated.

c. not competent to work with all populations.

51. As a part of the process of screening candidates for a therapist training program, counselor educators should complete all of the following EXCEPT: a. provide candidates with information about what will be expected of them. b. encourage candidates to screen the program to ensure a good fit. c. place most of the emphasis on candidates' GRE scores. d. inform candidates they are expected to engage in self-disclosure and to participate in various self-growth activities.

c. place most of the emphasis on candidates' GRE scores.

53. Registry is generally a voluntary listing of individuals who use a title or provide a service. represents the least degree of regulation of professional practice. a. Certification b. Licensure c. Registration d. Accreditation

c. registration

83. are basic for group workers who hope to practice ethically and responsibly. a. Techniques and theory b. Status and privilege c. Social justice and advocacy competencies d. Influence and outcome

c. social justice and advocacy competencies

The California court's ruling that requires therapists to breach confidentiality in cases where the general welfare and safety of others is involved is a result of the: a. Bradley Center v. Wessner decision. b. Jablonski v. United States decision. c. Tarasoff decision. d. Hedlund v. Superior Court decision.

c. tarasoff decision

52. Which of the following would NOT be found in managed care contracts? a) "Gag clauses" that prohibit practitioners from sharing any negative information about managed care policies b) Informing the client the managed care company may request a client's diagnosis, results on any tests given, a wide range of clinical information, treatment plans, and perhaps even the entire clinical record of a client c) Information regarding limits of confidentiality and the potential repercussions of disclosing personal information to insurance providers d) Information regarding benefits, risks, and costs of various interventions

d) Information regarding benefits, risks, and costs of various interventions

Which of the following therapist behaviors might be indicative of a countertransference reaction? a) Refraining from giving advice b) Allowing the client the space to experience and release anger c) Empowering a client to make decisions d) Overprotecting or rejecting a client

d) Overprotecting or rejecting a client

It is NOT ethical to refer clients: a) when the client's issue is out of the counselor's scope of work. b) when the client requests a referral. c) when the client no longer advances in treatment over a long period of time. d) based solely on a difference of values between the counselor and the client.

d) based solely on a difference of values between the counselor and the client.

Regarding counseling with children and adolescents, informed consent of parents or guardians may NOT be legally required when a minor is seeking counseling for: a) difficulties in school or at home. b) a safe place to discuss normal changes adolescents experience throughout their developmental process. c) assistance with planning their educational future. d) dangerous drugs or narcotics, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy and birth control, and examination following alleged sexual assault of a minor over 12 years of age.

d) dangerous drugs or narcotics, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy and birth control, and examination following alleged sexual assault of a minor over 12 years of age.

48. The concepts of unintentional racism and microaggressions are related and usually involve: a) training in multicultural and social justice perspectives for both the therapist and client. b) exploring in-depth the meaning behind the cultural differences. c) flexibility and understanding on the therapist's part. d) demeaning implications perpetrated against clients on the basis of their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ability status.

d) demeaning implications perpetrated against clients on the basis of their race, gender, sexual orientation, or ability status.

Informed consent generally implies that the person: a) does not have the capacity to consent. b) has verbally given consent. c) has been persuaded or coerced to sign the consent form. d) has the capacity to consent and has freely, without undue influence, expressed consent.

d) has the capacity to consent and has freely, without undue influence, expressed consent.

73. The movement toward grounding psychotherapy practice on a scientific foundation led to the concept of: a. differential diagnosis. b. psychometric testing. c. psychological diagnosis. d. empirically supported treatments.

d. empirically supported treatments

82. The phase of group work may be the one that leaders handle most ineptly. a. initial b. transition c. working d. final (termination)

d. final (termination)

69. Not possessing the competence to use the DSM-5 appropriately raises an ethical issue. Practitioners who use the DSM diagnosis must be trained. This training requires learning more than diagnostic categories; it involves: a. understanding statistics. b. knowing how to make a diagnosis fit criteria accepted by an insurance company. c. knowing how to work within some kind of diagnostic and assessment framework but not needing a clear picture of the client's problem. d. knowing personality theory, psychopathology, and seeing how they relate to therapeutic practice.

d. knowing personality theory, psychopathology, and seeing how they relate to therapeutic practice.

75. Therapists have a legal, professional, and ethical obligation to assess whether clients may: a. become completely healthy mentally within six sessions of treatment, never needing therapy again. b. be covered by insurance only. c. complete a treatment plan, including their goals for therapy, before the initial assessment. d. pose a danger to themselves or others.

d. pose a danger to themselves or others

68. Maria, a Mexican American woman, will live with her parents until she marries. A culturally competent and sensitive counselor will understand that: a. Maria's parents are enmeshed in her life. b. Maria is afraid to live alone. c. Maria must move out of her parent's home if she wants to truly be a healthy individual. d. this may be a result of gender-role expectations in Maria's family and not enmeshment.

d. this may be a result of gender-role expectations in Maria's family and not enmeshment.

61. ______ pertains to the responsibilities supervisors have to oversee the actions of their supervisees. a. Breach of confidentiality b. Breach of informed consent c. Direct liability d. Vicarious liability

d. vicarious liabilty

62. can be incurred when the actions of supervisors are the cause for harm. a. Breach of confidentiality b. Breach of informed consent c. Direct liability d. Vicarious liability

direct liability

56. Most professional organizations support efforts to: a. require pro bono work at the rate of at least 20 percent of the work week for all professionals. b. write regulations that encourage competition. c. make continuing education a mandatory condition of re-licensing. d. require personality tests from practitioners to ensure that those who enter the field are in good mental health.

make continuing education a mandatory condition of re-licensing.

_____________should include a record of client and therapist behavior that is clinically relevant, including interventions used, client responses to treatment strategies, the evolving treatment plan, and any follow-up measures taken. a. Assessments b. Progress notes c. Intakes d. Screenings

progress notes