everythings an argument midterm
rhetoric
(art of persuasion) Aristotle- strategy for classifying arguments based on their perspective on time (past, future, present)
dogmatism
a claim is supported on the grounds that its the only conclusion acceptable within a given community
faulty analogies
a comparison between 2 objects or concepts is inaccurate or inconsequential
Equivocations
a fallacy of argument In which a lie is given the appearance of truth, or in which the truth is misrepresented in deceptive language
scare tactics
a fallacy of argument presenting an issue in terms of exaggerated threats or dangers
pathos
a strategy In which a writer tries to generate readers emotions to dispose it to accept a claim
red herring
a writer abruptly changes the topic in order to distract readers from potentially objectionable claims
Precedent
actions or judgements in past that establish a pattern or model for subsequent decision. Important in legal cases
proposal argument
an argument in which a claim is made in favor or opposing a specific course of action
straw man
an opponents position is misrepresented as being more extreme than it actually is, so that is is easier to refute
Rogerian argument
approaches audiences in non threatening ways, finding common ground and establishing trust among those who disagree about issues
epidiectic or ceremonial arguments
arguments about the present, explore the current values of a society, affirming or challenging widely shared beliefs and core assumptions
non sequitur
claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically , one point doesn't follow another
forensic arguments
debates about what happened in the past ( red meat gov, courts, businesses, and academia)
deliberative arguments
debates about what will or should happen in the future
invitational arguments
explorations of ideas that begin by trying to understand another perspective have been described as
hasty generalization
in inference is drawn from insufficient data
argument of fact
involves a statement that can be proved or disproved with specific evidence or testimony
faulty causality
making the unwarranted assumption that because one event follows another, the first event causes the second
arguments of evaluation
present criteria and then measure individual people, ideas, or things against those standards
intended readers
real life people who the author consciously wants to address in writing
ethos
self image an author creates
stasis theory
specific kinds of issues they address, used anciently to provide questions designed to help citizens and lawyers work their way though legal cases
invoked readers
the readers implied in text, may include some who author didn't mean to reach
logos
writer uses facts or hard evidence to convince audience to accept a claim
ad hominem
writers claim is answered by irrelevant attacks on his her character
