everythings an argument midterm

rhetoric

(art of persuasion) Aristotle- strategy for classifying arguments based on their perspective on time (past, future, present)

dogmatism

a claim is supported on the grounds that its the only conclusion acceptable within a given community

faulty analogies

a comparison between 2 objects or concepts is inaccurate or inconsequential

Equivocations

a fallacy of argument In which a lie is given the appearance of truth, or in which the truth is misrepresented in deceptive language

scare tactics

a fallacy of argument presenting an issue in terms of exaggerated threats or dangers

pathos

a strategy In which a writer tries to generate readers emotions to dispose it to accept a claim

red herring

a writer abruptly changes the topic in order to distract readers from potentially objectionable claims

Precedent

actions or judgements in past that establish a pattern or model for subsequent decision. Important in legal cases

proposal argument

an argument in which a claim is made in favor or opposing a specific course of action

straw man

an opponents position is misrepresented as being more extreme than it actually is, so that is is easier to refute

Rogerian argument

approaches audiences in non threatening ways, finding common ground and establishing trust among those who disagree about issues

epidiectic or ceremonial arguments

arguments about the present, explore the current values of a society, affirming or challenging widely shared beliefs and core assumptions

non sequitur

claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically , one point doesn't follow another

forensic arguments

debates about what happened in the past ( red meat gov, courts, businesses, and academia)

deliberative arguments

debates about what will or should happen in the future

invitational arguments

explorations of ideas that begin by trying to understand another perspective have been described as

hasty generalization

in inference is drawn from insufficient data

argument of fact

involves a statement that can be proved or disproved with specific evidence or testimony

faulty causality

making the unwarranted assumption that because one event follows another, the first event causes the second

arguments of evaluation

present criteria and then measure individual people, ideas, or things against those standards

intended readers

real life people who the author consciously wants to address in writing

ethos

self image an author creates

stasis theory

specific kinds of issues they address, used anciently to provide questions designed to help citizens and lawyers work their way though legal cases

invoked readers

the readers implied in text, may include some who author didn't mean to reach

logos

writer uses facts or hard evidence to convince audience to accept a claim

ad hominem

writers claim is answered by irrelevant attacks on his her character