evolve pediatric

Which result does the nurse anticipate when providing care to a preschool-age child who successfully completes tasks associated with this stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

Successful resolution of initiative versus guilt, which happens between the ages of 3 and 6 according to Erikson, results in direction and purpose. Resolution of trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year) results in faith and optimism. The resolution of identify versus role confusion (puberty) results in devotion and fidelity. The resolution of autonomy versus shame and doubt (1 to 3 years) leads to self-control and willp

The parents of a preschooler tell the nurse that they try to inculcate good eating habits by asking the child to be at the table until the "plate is clean." What condition is the child at risk for?

Asking the child to be at the table until the "plate is clean" results in overeating and develops poor eating habits later in life. Anorexia is seen if the child does not consume the required amount of food. Depression may be seen in a child if there are any psychological issues. Aggression occurs from sociocultural and familial influences on the child.

By which age do children develop binocularity?

Children develop binocularity (the ability to fixate on one visual field with both eyes simultaneously) by 3 to 4 months. Children are not able to fixate on one visual field with both eyes simultaneously as early as 8 to 9 weeks. Children learn to fixate on one visual field with both eyes simultaneously earlier than 7 to 8 months, or 9 to 12 months. Test-Taking Tip: You have at least a 25% chance of selecting the correct response in multiple-choice items. If you are uncertain about a question, eliminate the choices that you believe are wrong and then call on your knowledge, skills, and abilities to choose from the remaining responses.

Which instruction should the nurse give to parents to help their child get accustomed to a new babysitter?

Children need to explore and get used to babysitters or any stranger at their own rate. Therefore the parents should stay close to the child and allow the child to observe the babysitter. The babysitter needs to maintain a safe distance from the child so that the child is not scared. The stranger needs to talk softly and avoid sudden gestures, such as smiling broadly or holding out arms, which may scare the child. The parents should not discourage the child from clinging, because it is necessary for the child's optimal emotional development.

In which age range would the nurse expect a client to understand the concept of conservation related to liquids and numbers when conducting a developmental assessment?

Mastering the concept of conservation related to liquids and numbers occurs at 5 to 7 years of age. Conservation related to length is expected at 6 to 7 years of age. Conservation related to weight and area occurs at 9 to 10 years of age. Conservation related to volume occurs at 9 to 12 years of age.

During which week of pregnancy does placental development occur?

Placental development begins during the third week of pregnancy. The other answer options, first, fifth, and seventh, are not when placental development occurs.

The nurse observes that a child fails to make eye contact and has poor impulse control. Upon further assessment, the nurse finds that the parent is an alcoholic and often neglects the child. What can be said about the child?

RAD is a psychological and developmental disorder that occurs in children who are neglected by their primary caregivers. Children with RAD are not cuddly with parents and fail to make eye contact. They also exhibit poor impulse control and may be destructive to themselves and others. Poor eye contact is seen in autistic children as well, but in this case, there is parental neglect that indicates RAD. Separation anxiety is indicated by crying and screaming when the parent leaves the child. Feelings of solitariness do not result in poor impulse control or eye contact.

A child who is recently admitted to school is introverted and prefers being alone at the school. What is the temperament of the child according to Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas's longitudinal study?

The child will be categorized as a slow to warm-up child. These children are uneasy or cautious in new situations or with unfamiliar people. They react negatively with mild intensity to new stimuli. An easy child is open and adaptable to change and displays a mild-to-moderately intense mood that is typically positive. A difficult child adapts slowly to new routines, people, or situations. This type of child has intense mood expressions with negative behavior. A hyperactive child usually has problems concentrating and paying attention.

According to Erikson, what should the nurse anticipate when assessing an adolescent?

The nurse would anticipate the adolescent to question sexual identity, according to Erikson. Being engaged in tasks and wanting to participate in organized activities is expected for the school-age child. The nurse would anticipate that a preschool-age child would have highly imaginative thoughts.

During testing of the neurologic reflexes of an infant, which reflex should the nurse expect to appear at 3 months and persist until 24 to 36 months of age?

While the infant is supine, if the head is turned to one side, the shoulder, trunk, and finally pelvis will turn toward that side. This reflex appears at 3 months, and persists until 24 to 36 months of age. Body righting is a modification of the neck-righting reflex in which turning hips and shoulders to one side causes all other body parts to follow; it appears at 6 months, and persists until 24 to 36 months of age. When the body of an erect infant is tilted, the head is returned to an upright, erect position; this is known as otolith righting, which appears at 7 to 12 months of age, and persists indefinitely. When an infant in prone or supine position is able to raise head, it is known as labyrinth righting. It appears at 2 months, and is strongest at 10 months of ag