Exam 1 for Nutrion

Physical activity level is an important consideration when calculating the...

(EER) Estimated Energy Requirement

Required on Current Label

-Calories from fat -Daily Value of vitamin C

AMDR

-Exceeding or falling short of the ranges indicated by these DRI values can increase the risk for chronic disease. -Values in this category are expressed as a percentage of total energy intake.

RDA

-The EAR is needed to calculate values in this category. -When this value can be determined, individuals should aim for this amount for daily intake.

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs), protein should comprise what percentage of daily kilocalories?

10 to 35 percent of daily kilocalories

How many of Anna's kilocalories came from proteins?

108 kilocalories

AMDRs are expressed as a lower and upper percentage of a person's total kilocalorie needs. To calculate the AMDR for a specific macronutrient, each end of the appropriate AMDR range should be multiplied by the person's kilocalorie needs. See the Calculation Corner in your book for an example. Joe needs 2800 kcal daily to maintain energy balance. How many of those calories should come from carbohydrates, according to the AMDR? Hints

1260-1820 kcal

The Daily Values on a food label are based on a

2,000-kilocalorie diet.

For a serving of a particular food to be considered high in a certain nutrient, the item must contain at least what percentage of the nutrient's Daily Value (DV)?

20 percent

The AMDR for fat is

20-35%

A slice of beef steak provides 24 grams of protein and 15 grams of fat. How many calories does it provide?

231 calories

A nutrition label will refer to an item as "reduced fat" when the food contains at least ________ percent less fat per serving than the regular variety.

25

After Mrs. Kirby received nutritional advice, her neighbor asked for her help with calculating the contribution of energy from fats in her diet. For a long time, her doctor has been telling her to lower the fat intake below 30% of her total calories, but she does not really know how to do it--much less how to calculate it. Mrs. Kirby explained how she did her calculations, and the neighbor showed her "her numbers." Together they came up with total calorie intake of 2200 kcal and 63 g of fat. What is the percentage contribution of energy from fat in Mrs. Kirby's neighbor's diet?

26 %

One cup of whole milk contains 8 g of fat. One cup of reduced-fat milk contains 5 g of fat. What is the approximate difference in their caloric value, assuming protein and carbohydrate content are equivalent in both cups?

27 kilocalories

At a popular Italian restaurant chain, a bowl of spaghetti without tomato sauce contains 400 kilocalories. A standard serving size (1/2 cup) of cooked spaghetti has about 110 kilocalories. Approximately how many standard servings of pasta are in the restaurant meal?

3.6 servings

How many kilocalories did Anna consume for dinner?

315 kilocalories

The AMDR for carbohydrates is

45-65%

Mrs. Kirby, 58, is a moderately active woman. She works in the garden almost daily, occasionally walks with her friends, and babysits her three very active young grandchildren every weekend. She eats a fairly standard diet every day: she has cereal with milk and coffee for breakfast, some kind of salad for lunch, and a piece of meat or fish with a healthy helping of veggies for dinner. She usually skips desserts or has just a couple of strawberries. When asked to look at the food labels and calculate her intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in grams over the entire day, on an average day, she came up with the following numbers: Carbohydrates: 243 g Fats: 41 g Proteins: 63 g Calculate what percentage of Mrs. Kirby's total energy intake came from carbohydrates.

61 %

How many calories does 200 grams of carbohydrate provide?

800 calories

Julie made a fresh fruit salad with half a cup of sliced peaches (1 g protein, 0 g fat, 14 g carbohydrates), half a cup of sliced pears (0 g protein, 0 g fat, 19 g carbohydrates), and half a cup of sectioned nectarines (1 g protein, 0 g fat, 13 g carbohydrates). She divided the salad into two equal portions and served it as a snack for herself and a friend. How many kilocalories did Julie consume from the salad?

96

Do you think Elizabeth's nutrient needs would be met if she took a dietary supplement and maintained her current diet? Why or why not?

A dietary supplement may provide Elizabeth with some essential nutrients, but she also needs to improve her eating habits.

Individuals who consume macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) within the ranges indicated by the...

AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges) may reduce their risk for chronic diseases.

Which of the following describes the fiber intake in the current American diet?

Americans consume too little fiber because of too few fruits and vegetables and too many refined grains.

Which statement best describes the current status of the American diet?

Americans consume too much saturated fat, sodium, and sugar and too little fiber.

__________ tests measure body size or body composition.

Anthropometric

Which of the following outlines the ABCDs of nutrition assessment?

Anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary intake

Which of the following is NOT a key principle of healthy eating?

Availability

Which of the following is an example of a "nutrient-dense" food?

Broccoli

Optimizing nutrition reduces risk of __________, one of the leading causes of death in the United States.

Cancer

The main source of energy for the body is provided by __________.

Carbohydrates

________ provide less energy per gram than ________.

Carbohydrates; fats

Which of the following would NOT be a standard method for assessing the nutritional status of individuals?

Conducting psychological exams

Jada's parents both work from 8 a.m. until 6 p.m. every day. When Jada and her sister get home from school, they eat a snack and do homework until dinner time. Jada's mom and dad are tired at the end of the day and often stop at the grocery store on the way home from work to pick up prepared meals or pre-prepared ingredients that just need to be assembled. Which of the following factors most influences the choice of dinner in Jada's household?

Convenience

Japan is an island nation surrounded by ocean. Fish and other seafood play a key role in Japanese cuisine. This food preference represents an example of the influence of

Environment

UL

Exceeding the values listed in this category can increase risk of toxicity.

According to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), the acceptable intake of carbohydrates should make up 15 to 20 percent of daily kilocalories.

False

All energy-yielding nutrients provide the same amount of energy per gram of their weight.

False

All individuals require the same amount of energy for their normal bodily functions.

False

Eating a balanced diet means consuming reasonable but not excessive amounts of foods and nutrients.

False

In contrast to undernourishment, overnourishment poses no health risks.

False

The sections of the MyPlate icon represent six food groups, including oils.

False

The consumption of excess kilocalories results in the accumulation of

Fat

EER

Following this recommended intake value will help maintain energy balance.

An RD uses a __________ to easily capture an individual's consumption patterns over time.

Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)

The different-colored sections on MyPlate are used to represent

Food groups.

Dr. Simon's team is conducting a study on the relationship between iron and vitamin C intakes and the rate of infections in a small population of college students. Members of the team need to assess the intake of these two nutrients in the subjects. What would be a good method to employ?

Give the participants a food frequency questionnaire to fill out.

"Soluble fiber can help lower cholesterol" is an example of a __________.

Health claim

Which of the following leading causes of death in the United States is related to nutrition?

Heart disease

One of the early signs of cardiovascular disease is an increase in the blood LDL cholesterol level. The best tool to detect this change would be

Laboratory tests

Which of the following is a macronutrient?

Lipids

Organic nutrients include all of the following except

Minerals

The area on the food label that provides a list of specific nutrients obtained in one serving of the food is referred to as the

Nutrition Facts panel.

Which of the following factors was the LEAST likely to influence Elizabeth's food choices before her exam?

Nutrition Knowledge

The macronutrient(s) whose main functions are to contribute the basic building blocks (amino acids) and to synthesize, grow, and maintain tissues in the body is/are __________.

Protein

In a physical examination, which of the following would a dietitian be most likely to examine for evidence of poor nutrition?

Skin condition

Health claims

Statements that describe a relationship between a food component and a specific health condition are called

Jonathan is eight years old and is a participant in a study assessing the eating habits of schoolchildren. To assess the children's nutritional status, the research team plans to collect anthropometric data. Jonathan's parents are worried because they do not understand what this means. How would you explain this data collection method to allay their fears?

The research team is taking measurements of Jonathan's height and weight to assess his growth.

What is the BEST description of the nutrients present in Elizabeth's snack of cola and potato chips?

This snack contains mainly carbohydrate and fat.

Fat is the most energy-dense nutrient.

True

Lipids are the primary energy source for the body when it is at rest.

True

More than 35 percent of American adults are obese.

True

Nutrients from food are used to replenish the cells in the body.

True

The body mass index (BMI) helps estimate whether an individual is underweight, at a healthy weight, or overweight or obese.

True

The foods we eat have an influence on the genes in our cells in a way that can increase or decrease our risks for certain diseases.

True

Weight gain is a factor that contributes to the development of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and high blood pressure.

True

ChooseMyPlate.gov is a Web-based communication and education initiative developed by the

USDA

A diet consisting of only meat and potatoes would be considered

Unbalanced

AL

Values in this category are used when an EAR or RDA cannot be provided.

EAR

Values in this category meet the needs of only 50%of the people in a particular group.

Which of the following may possess health benefits due to naturally occurring phytochemicals?

Vegetables

One of the six types of nutrients found in food is _____.

Water

The most abundant nutrient in the body and in all foods is

Water

The most abundant nutrient(s) found in the human body is/are __________.

Water

Which of the following is inorganic?

Water

Do you think Elizabeth's food choices during her last study session affected her test performance?

Yes. Elizabeth walked into the test feeling groggy, short on sleep, exhausted, and bloated-all factors that could impair her concentration while taking the exam.

Which of the following food/snack choices would provide the best nutritional value for Elizabeth's next study session?

a peanut butter and banana sandwich on whole wheat bread and a small container of fat-free chocolate milk

A good source of reliable nutrition information is _______.

a registered dietitian or licensed nutritionist

The best way to meet all nutrient needs and also provide a variety of compounds that may help prevent chronic disease is to consume __________.

a well-balanced diet

Daily Values (DVs)

are based on a 2000-calorie per day diet, and the percentage of that nutrient's DV present in a serving is listed on a food label.

The energy-yielding nutrients are __________.

carbohydrates, protein, and fats

What are energy-dense foods?

foods high in energy and low in volume/weight

Nutrition is broadly defined as the study of how __________.

how food nourishes the body and influences health

Authorized health claim

in which the relationship between the food or compound and a health benefit is well-established with supporting research.

The (RDA) Recommended Dietary Allowance

is determined from the Estimated Average Requirement and meets the requirements of 97-98% of healthy individuals in a particular group.

The "% Daily Value" column on a food table indicates whether a food

is high or low in nutrients and other dietary substances.

Trans fat

is one of the nutrients required to be listed on a food label that consumers should try to limit in their diets.

The (EAR) Estimated Average Requirement

is the amount of a given nutrient that will meet the needs of about half of the healthy people in a particular group.

The phrase "Excellent source of fiber" is an example of a(n)

nutrient content claim

Net weight

of a product is located at the bottom of the package. This information is helpful when comparing products in different types of packaging.

Ingredients

or the individual components of the product, listed in descending order by weight.

Nutrition facts panel

provides a nutritional snapshot, including Daily Values, of the food inside a package.

Before a scientific theory is proposed, an experiment must be _____.

repeated

The principle of proportionality in MyPlate refers to

showing the relative proportion of foods in a healthy diet.

Dietary Reference Intakes are __________.

standards to help figure out how much of each nutrient is healthful to consume each day

The claim "calcium builds strong bones" is an example of a __________.

structure/function claim

Which of the following has the least effect on the foods that we choose to eat?

the weather forecast for the next month

If an individual exceeds the (UL) Tolerable Upper Intake Level what happens?

value for a particular nutrient, there's a chance for adverse health effects.

The (Al) Adequate Intake)

value for vitamin K is the intake level assumed to be adequate based on observations of what healthy people consume.

The six categories of nutrients include carbohydrates, protein, fat, __________.

vitamins, minerals, and water