Exam #1 Intro to Comm
Epistemology
the study of knowledge; investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion; "how does the human mind 'learn/know'?"
rhetoric
the use of language to create and communicate ideas
How is theory like a net?
theory gives us a way to bring together and collect related information - a way to thinking about what we collect (ex. the window)
What do John Locke and Rene Descartes have in common?
they both reject rhetoric
la Riniscita
"the Rebirth" or "the renaissance"
Lorenzo Valla
(1407-1457) an Italian humanist, rhetorician, educator, and Catholic priest; best known for his textual analysis that proved that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery; "Philosophy is under the command of oratory"
Rene Descartes
(1596-1650) rationalist, known as the "Father of Rationalism"; sought absolute certainty of knowledge and rejected rhetoric
John Locke
(1632-1704) empiricist; trust your senses through direct observation and direct experience; coined the term "communication"
Thomas Sheridan
(1719-1788) a gifted actor who emphasized vocal and physical aspects; criticized Locke
Gilbert Austin
(1753-1837) created the mechanical system of notation for choreographing speeches; emphasized physical appearance; wrote Chironomia
George Campbell
(1753-1837) updating our study and understanding rhetoric based on faculty psychology (new science that updated our rhetoric from the faculties of the human mind) and definition of eloquence
Augustine
(354-430 AD) rhetoric teacher; using rhetoric to teach religion; a vocation with Paramedian tradition; end of eloquence to persuade
Julia T. Wood's definition of "theory"
an account of what something is, how it works, what it produces or causes to happen, or what should be the case
Donald Bryant's definition of human communication
adjusting ideas to people and people to ideas
George Campbell's definition of eloquence
"The art or talent by which the discourse is adapted to its end"; adapt the discourse to move the audience to the will
vita activa
"active life"; putting yourself out there and recognized
vita contemplativa
"contemplative life"; unrecognized talent that one keeps to themselves
Informal theorizing
1) ask a question 2) gather data (not systematically) 3) tentative conclusion
The Five Canons
1) invention 2) arrange 3) style 4) memorization 5) delivery
The three most controversial teachings of Protagoras
1) man is the measure of all things 2) for every perspective there is an opposite 3) the weaker case may appear the stronger case
Three reasons to study communication
1) pragmatic 2) complex 3) dynamic
How much of one's day is used communicating?
75%
Who defined rhetoric?
Aristotle
Who came up with the ability to create "reality"? (never step in the same river twice)
Heraclitus
Alan Monroe
Noted for Monroe's Motivated Sequence
Who coined the term rhetoric?
Plato
Who was the "Father of Debate"?
Protagoras
vir bonus, dicendi peritus
Quintilian's idea that the orator must be "a good man skilled at speaking"
Monroe's Motivated Sequence
The Psychology of Persuasion: 1) attention 2) need 3) satisfaction 4) visualization 5) action
uomo universale
a "universal man", aka polymath is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of subject areas, "wisdom" and "eloquence"
Quintilian
a Roman educator and rhetorician from Hispania, widely referred to in medieval schools of rhetoric and in Renaissance writing
interpretive approach
assigning meaning or value to communicative text
For every perspective there is an opposite perspective
dissoi logoi
The three main aspects of Greek life are:
festivals, legal systems, and political system
What is the power of speech?
invisible, divine power
Thomas Sheridan's definition of "language"
language is any means by which one can get across the information they want to; language through symbols and more than just words (vocal quality and physical appearance)
Isocrates
practical wisdom
ratio & oratio
public property - the community has a vested interest in having everyone educated; ratio = developing critical thinking abilities, rational faculties; oratio = communicate your ideas through literature and theatre; these concepts are to show and give back support
John Locke's descriptions of rhetoric
rationality and sensory perceptions; trust your senses through direct observation and experience
rationalism
self-evident propositions deduced by reason are the sole basis of all knowledge
All things are becoming new, knowledge is becoming
sophists
objectivist approach
the assumption that truth is singular
Quintilian's definition of "oratory"
the good man speaking well; "vir bonus, dicendi pertius"
the Trivium
the lower division of the seven liberal arts 1) grammar 2) dialectic 3) rhetoric by Martianus Capella in that order, because grammar is the concrete to this basis
Who improved public speaking?
the sophists
Martianus Capella
wrote the book "On the Marriage of Philology and Mercury"; the first three of the "bridesmaids" = the Trivium (grammar, dialect, rhetoric)
