Exam 1

solum

"The upper and most weathered part of the soil profile; the A, E, & B horizons" is the definition of the

A

"Topsoil" generally equivalent to which soil horizon

Colluvium

A ___ deposit is a transported parent material that was moved entirely due to the force of gravity.

False

A soil developed in transported parent materials will likely have properties related to the properties of the rock below the C horizon

False

Alluvium typically results in well-developed soil profiles.

all of the above; water, acidity, temperature

Chemical weathering reactions are influenced by ___.

True

Climate influences not only the rate of weathering but the type of native vegetation dominant in an area.

Suborder

Cryoll is an example of which taxonomic category

False

Examples genetic horizons include kandic, spodic, ochric, mollic and oxic.

True

Examples of genetic horizons include R, E, O, B, C & A.

False

Forests would typically have more organic accumulation than grasslands.

A-C -> A-B-C -> A-E-B

Given three soil profile descriptions, A-B-C; A-C; and A-E-B, rank the soils in order of least mature to most mature.

igneous rock

Granite is an example of an

True

Histosols generally have higher organic matter contents than Mollisols.

Entisols

In which of the following soil orders would recent alluvium most likely be a common parent material

False

Lacustrine parent materials are flood plain sediments adjacent to flowing rivers

True

Loess is an example of a transported parent material

False

Organic deposits are rarely found in areas of extreme wetness or extreme cold.

material formed by weathering of rocks and minerals in place

Residual parent materials are best described as ___.

False

Sapric and fibric are terms used to describe mineral parent materials

Melanic

Select the appropriate epipedon: A mineral horizon that is very black in color due to its high organic matter content. Soil developed from volcanic ash.

Mollic

Select the appropriate epipedon: A thick, dark, colored mineral horizon (generally > 25 cm) with a base saturation greater than 50%.

Vertisols

Select the appropriate soil order: Characterized by large accumulations of clays the shrink when dry and swell when wet.

Spodosols

Select the appropriate soil order: Organic matter has translocated from the "topsoil" and accumulated in a subsoil zone of illuviation

Argillic

Select the appropriate subsurface diagnostic horizon: A horizon that accumulates clay that has translocated from above. May include part or all of a Bt horizon.

Oxic

Select the appropriate subsurface diagnostic horizon: Found mostly in humid tropical and subtropical regions that result in highly weathered soils and very high accumulations of Fe and Al oxides. Contain 10% or less of primary, weatherable minerals.

False

Soils in the Oxisols order are deeply weathered and have deep subsurface horizons of calcium oxides.

Oxisol

Soils in which order would be dominated by minerals that are the most resistant to weathering breakdown

False

The C horizon is generally more weathered than the A horizon

Fine, Mixed, Thermic

The White Store Series is a Fine, Mixed, Thermic Vertic Hapludalfs. What is the Family?

False

The categories of Soil Taxonomy can be listed from the broadest (first) and most specific (last) as: order, suborder, great group, subgroup, series, family.

Iron and aluminum oxides

The end result of intensive weathering is the accumulation of ___.

Aquand

The suborder for a wet volcanic soil might be an ___:

p

The subordinate horizon designation ___ indicates a soil horizon with evidence of disturbance by agricultural activities.

False

Till and outwash are both examples of parent materials readily found in North Carolina

E

Which horizon of a mature soil profile would you expect to find light colored and leached of clay?

O

Which horizon would always be present in a Histosol

Spodic

Which of teh following diagnostic horizons is not an epipedon?

series

Which of the following categories of Soil Taxonomy provides the greatest specificity of soil properties?

Ochric

Which of the following diagnostic horizons is an epipedon?

Typic Fibristels

Which of the following is a permafrost soil

Umbric

Which of the following is an epipedon?

A well-drained forest soil

Which of the following soils is most likely to contain the lowest organic matter content?

Illuvial, B horizon

Which of the following term/horizon combinations describes the zone of maximum clay accumulation in soils of humid regions

Alfisol

Which of these orders would have soil properties dominated by chemical weathering processes?

aquic

Which soil moisture regime has the highest soil moisture levels?

E

Which soil profile horizon is the last to form?

a desert region of Arizona

You would be most apt to look in ___ if you wanted to find a soil where physical weathering dominated over chemical weathering.

Loess

___ is a parent material that would show evidence of sorting actions due to wind.

Additions

___ is not considered one of the five major factors of soil formation.