Exam 1
solum
"The upper and most weathered part of the soil profile; the A, E, & B horizons" is the definition of the
A
"Topsoil" generally equivalent to which soil horizon
Colluvium
A ___ deposit is a transported parent material that was moved entirely due to the force of gravity.
False
A soil developed in transported parent materials will likely have properties related to the properties of the rock below the C horizon
False
Alluvium typically results in well-developed soil profiles.
all of the above; water, acidity, temperature
Chemical weathering reactions are influenced by ___.
True
Climate influences not only the rate of weathering but the type of native vegetation dominant in an area.
Suborder
Cryoll is an example of which taxonomic category
False
Examples genetic horizons include kandic, spodic, ochric, mollic and oxic.
True
Examples of genetic horizons include R, E, O, B, C & A.
False
Forests would typically have more organic accumulation than grasslands.
A-C -> A-B-C -> A-E-B
Given three soil profile descriptions, A-B-C; A-C; and A-E-B, rank the soils in order of least mature to most mature.
igneous rock
Granite is an example of an
True
Histosols generally have higher organic matter contents than Mollisols.
Entisols
In which of the following soil orders would recent alluvium most likely be a common parent material
False
Lacustrine parent materials are flood plain sediments adjacent to flowing rivers
True
Loess is an example of a transported parent material
False
Organic deposits are rarely found in areas of extreme wetness or extreme cold.
material formed by weathering of rocks and minerals in place
Residual parent materials are best described as ___.
False
Sapric and fibric are terms used to describe mineral parent materials
Melanic
Select the appropriate epipedon: A mineral horizon that is very black in color due to its high organic matter content. Soil developed from volcanic ash.
Mollic
Select the appropriate epipedon: A thick, dark, colored mineral horizon (generally > 25 cm) with a base saturation greater than 50%.
Vertisols
Select the appropriate soil order: Characterized by large accumulations of clays the shrink when dry and swell when wet.
Spodosols
Select the appropriate soil order: Organic matter has translocated from the "topsoil" and accumulated in a subsoil zone of illuviation
Argillic
Select the appropriate subsurface diagnostic horizon: A horizon that accumulates clay that has translocated from above. May include part or all of a Bt horizon.
Oxic
Select the appropriate subsurface diagnostic horizon: Found mostly in humid tropical and subtropical regions that result in highly weathered soils and very high accumulations of Fe and Al oxides. Contain 10% or less of primary, weatherable minerals.
False
Soils in the Oxisols order are deeply weathered and have deep subsurface horizons of calcium oxides.
Oxisol
Soils in which order would be dominated by minerals that are the most resistant to weathering breakdown
False
The C horizon is generally more weathered than the A horizon
Fine, Mixed, Thermic
The White Store Series is a Fine, Mixed, Thermic Vertic Hapludalfs. What is the Family?
False
The categories of Soil Taxonomy can be listed from the broadest (first) and most specific (last) as: order, suborder, great group, subgroup, series, family.
Iron and aluminum oxides
The end result of intensive weathering is the accumulation of ___.
Aquand
The suborder for a wet volcanic soil might be an ___:
p
The subordinate horizon designation ___ indicates a soil horizon with evidence of disturbance by agricultural activities.
False
Till and outwash are both examples of parent materials readily found in North Carolina
E
Which horizon of a mature soil profile would you expect to find light colored and leached of clay?
O
Which horizon would always be present in a Histosol
Spodic
Which of teh following diagnostic horizons is not an epipedon?
series
Which of the following categories of Soil Taxonomy provides the greatest specificity of soil properties?
Ochric
Which of the following diagnostic horizons is an epipedon?
Typic Fibristels
Which of the following is a permafrost soil
Umbric
Which of the following is an epipedon?
A well-drained forest soil
Which of the following soils is most likely to contain the lowest organic matter content?
Illuvial, B horizon
Which of the following term/horizon combinations describes the zone of maximum clay accumulation in soils of humid regions
Alfisol
Which of these orders would have soil properties dominated by chemical weathering processes?
aquic
Which soil moisture regime has the highest soil moisture levels?
E
Which soil profile horizon is the last to form?
a desert region of Arizona
You would be most apt to look in ___ if you wanted to find a soil where physical weathering dominated over chemical weathering.
Loess
___ is a parent material that would show evidence of sorting actions due to wind.
Additions
___ is not considered one of the five major factors of soil formation.