exam 1 mgt 1,2,3, mgt exam 2, MGT review questions exam 3, exam 4 - 11, 12, 13, 15,
Barbara oversees the work of four vice presidents of finance, human resources, engineering, and marketing. Barbara is a _______________.
top manager
Trust is defined as which of the following?
Belief in the leader's integrity, character, and ability
At CH2MHill, critical tasks are completed by a project team. Based on the relatively flat structure of the organization, the leader selected might not necessarily be higher in rank than the team members he or she leads. Anderson suggests that there are times leaders should offer encouragement and then ask the team members about their tasks and what hurdles they might be facing to accomplish them. All members of the group should be asked for their input based on their tasks. According to the University of Iowa studies, how would this leadership style be described?
Democratic
Theories in leadership evolved from trait and behavior to include contingency models. What was the first comprehensive contingency model?
Fieldler contingency model
getting the right number of people in the right place at the right time is the focus of which of the following?
Human resource management
The concept of trust is made up of integrity, competence, consistency, loyalty, and openness. Of the five dimensions, which one seems to be most critical when someone assesses another's trustworthiness?
Integrity
Solomon uplifts the spirits of his employees, making them believe they can accomplish anything--and some have reached levels of performance they thought impossible. He has the lowest turnover of any department in his company. Solomon is a ___________ leader.
Transformational
Managers must ensure that goals are being met and procedures are being followed. To do this, they employ control systems. Control involves monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished and correcting deviations. Which of the following is the BEST example of control?
Zane's takes the feedback from its formal and informal surveys and tweaks its service offerings to improve its relationship with customers.
in the calm waters metaphor,
change is viewed an a temporary distraction in an otherwise predictable environment
The common theme of the contingency theories is _________.
each seeks to define the best leadership style for different kinds of situations
one disadvantage of the functional structure is/ are
employees in one functional area become unaware of what employees in other functional areas are doing
Rochester is the type of employee firms like. He never objects when asked to take on assignments outside his job description and will work overtime with little notice. Rochester displays __________.
good organizational citizenship behavior
A manager's job focuses on ________.
helping others accomplish their work goals
All of the following are personality characteristics of entrepreneurs EXCEPT __________.
involved for the short-term
________ are the people who direct the activities of others in an organization.
managers
More routine technology is more likely to have which type of structure?
mechanistic structure
In the Michigan studies, the behaviors of interest were __________ and ______________.
production oriented, employee oriented
in addition to offering connections with customers, a social media strategy can
promote collaboration among co-workers and experts
Managers put control systems in place for various reasons. Which of the following reasons would address workplace violence and security breaches?
protecting the workplace
Which of the following is a human resource management issue entrepreneurs face?
employee recruitment
Jared eagerly agreed to edit the employee handbook but procrastinated until the evening before he was to submit his work. Then he skimmed the handbook, overlooking many errors and failing to evaluate each policy as he was instructed. Jared lacked ___________.
energy
Which of the following is NOT one of the potential sources of opportunity for entrepreneurs?
global warming
When General Motors and Toyota created a separate organization called New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI) to build cars in California, they formed a _________.
joint venture
When working with clients, CH2MHill encourages their engineers to operate as consultants. This would require their engineers to have some creativity, imagination, and intellect. Which of the following personality traits best characterizes this behavior?
openness to experience
At the local ice cream parlor, every employee had his or her own specialty. Ron made all the banana splits, Ross made the ice cream cakes, Maddi made the ice cream cookies, and Reese took care of all the chocolate dips. This is an example of which of the following?
work specialization
Which one of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
If you and Cara can avoid getting into an argument for 90 days, I will remove this disciplinary action from your record and no additional action will be taken.
Which of the following early theories of leadership defined leader behavior as concern for people and concern for production? The theorists went so far as to label one of their styles of leadership, "country club."
Managerial grid
Which of the following is not a reason for taking a course in management?
Managing is simply common sense
Doug Radi, VP of Marketing at Rudi's Organic Bakery, discussed motivation as being extrinsic and intrinsic. Which one of the following theories describes motivation as a set of lower-order needs that are satisfied predominantly externally, and a set of higher-order needs that are satisfied internally?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Merlin is a proof-reader of manuscripts for a large New York City publisher. He receives manuscripts electronically and, using his word processing software at home, makes corrections and comments for the authors. Merlin's manager may be concerned that ________________.
Merlin may be distracted by computer games or his children when they are at home during the day and will not get his work done
which of the following is NOT the reason that managers need to plan?
Minimizes timing
what legislation protects persons with disabilities from discrimination?
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
which one of the following is the best example of a network organization?
The local chapter of the American Heart Association employs two full-time people but contracts with creative writers, printers, promoters, and temporary workers for its annual Heart Walk event.
______________ is a strong motivator for contingent workers.
The prospect of permanent employment
"If you don't watch them like a hawk, they'll stop working, go sit in the air conditioning, send texts on their phones - do anything but work!" according to Stan, a supervisor of molders in an iron foundry. Stan agrees with
Theory X
Jim never could trust his team. He thought that every time he was out of the office they would be loafing off and not getting their work done. He also assumed that unless he watched them very carefully, the work they did do would be inadequate to reach the team's goals. Which of the following motivation theories best represents the way Jim might lead his team?
Theory X
Doug Radi, VP of Marketing at Rudi's Organic Bakery, spoke of allowing his digital marketing employees to work from any space the employees would like. Radi thought that a change of environment might increase the employees' creativity. Which of the following motivation theories would best describe Radi's feelings about his employees?
Theory Y
__________ is a learning experience that seek a relatively permanent change in employees by improving their ability to do their jobs.
Training
Roseanne is excellent at stimulating and inspiring her followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes by paying attention to their concerns and developmental needs, and helping them look at old problems in new ways. Which of the following would best describe Roseanne's leadership?
Transformational
The ability to create and articulate a fascinating and credible picture of the future is a key characteristic of which of the following types of leaders?
Visionary
When taken to the extreme, division of labor can lead to ______________.
boredom, fatigue, and increased absenteeism
In Miller's description of her sales and marketing team, she says that they are constantly pushing each other for new and different ways of doing business. These three individuals are ready to be a catalyst for the next big market that Rudi's will enter. Miller should use these team members as ________ when it is time to move in a different direction.
change agents
Smithy's, the local coffee shop, is switching to an online pay system. What kind of organizational change are they facing?
changing technology
In some instances, the actions of leaders don't matter because ______________.
characteristics of the work or the worker may substitute for formal leadership
People feel drawn to Collette as if by a magnet. She makes those around her feel indispensable to her "cause": a department that is the highest performing in the company. Her followers work hard to achieve their goals, knowing she will support them when they take calculated risks. Collette fits the description of a(n) _________ leader.
charismatic
Which of the following is NOT one of the legal forms of organization for entrepreneurs?
co-op
"We require everyone to attend the annual safety training. Those who do not will be subject to disciplinary action up to and including termination." This method of reducing resistance is called __________.
coercion
By stating that the hospital is moving ahead with the EMR conversion regardless of Jim's decision to remain with or leave the hospital, Jill is using which technique for reducing resistance to change?
coercion
John has taken a job which requires him to work with a team to develop an advertising campaign for a new brand of athletic shoes. Which skill would be most important for John in his new job as a team member?
collaboration
Tanya was disappointed when she realized she would have to earn a Master's degree if she wanted to move up in the company. As a busy single mother of three school-aged children, there was simply no room for more college in her life. So Tanya decided to ignore the goal. In this instance, there is no _________.
commitment to the goal
Lucien must manage a team with members from China, Italy, Brazil, Jordan, Sweden, and South Korea. One of his larger challenges will be to ________________.
develop cohesiveness among team members
Each of the dozens of hamburger franchises focus on some feature of its sandwich to persuade customers to prefer its brand to all others. These restaurants are pursuing a(n) ___________ strategy.
differentiation
Although global teams offer many benefits, there are also drawbacks. One of the more obvious drawbacks is ____________.
difficulty in communicating
In his office Chris had posted his top three sales goals for this quarter. Every day, he would come in and be reminded of his goals. Each morning he would compare his current performance with his goals and get to work! Chris is displaying what element of motivation?
direction
Janet believes she is a highly motivated employee. She stays busy but doesn't seem to accomplish much. Her supervisor tells her she has trouble prioritizing her work. Janet may lack _________________.
direction
An international team that relies heavily on large amounts of disparate information may be better positioned to capitalize on its ___________ than a team from one country would.
diversity
which of the following is considered a traditional organizational design?
divisional
When employees are connected to, satisfied with, and enthusiastic about their jobs, they show a high level of __________.
employee engagement
John's team is not very excited by the work he has assigned to them. He has not done such a great job challenging his team in a positive way. For this reason, many people on his team are looking for another job. It seems John may not be aware that managers play a crucial role in ________.
employee satisfaction
Mike has a huge report to work on at home this evening. On the way out of the office, he grabs a pack of copier paper to take home for his personal printer. That evening after completing his report and printing out a couple copies for the office, he also prints out a few recipes and an online student assignment for his 9th grade daughter. It is likely that Mike is participating in which of the following?
employee theft
For open-book management to be effective, _______________.
employees must be able to understand the company's financial statements
which one of the following is important to the success of a team structure?
employees must be cross-trained and compensated accordingly
__________ is(are) a component of the external environment.
gender
Because it wants its policies and practices to be consistent throughout the entire organization, regardless of the country where it operates, major decisions at AllWear Inc. are made at its headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, and are distributed to every facility through its intranet. AllWear would be considered a(n) ____________.
global corporation
Nike sells shoes in the United States that are made in Southeast Asia where labor rates are lower. Nike is engaging in _______________.
global sourcing
The Environmental Protection Agency is planning to stiffen the requirements for cleaning pollutants from the stacks of coal-fired electricity generating plants, requiring a 30% reduction by 2025. With respect to organizational change, this would represent a change in ____________.
government regulations
It is important that groups carefully select their standards of behavior because ______________.
group members tend to conform to the group norms, so they will fit in
a mechanistic organization will
have rules, regulations, and formal standards in place
Among the issues of concern regarding Gen Z employees is ____________.
having a purpose in their work
The excitement that Antonio, a big-picture person, felt when he was appointed inventory control manager waned soon after accepting the position. He expected he would be responsible for determining the appropriate quantity-in-stock for each of his firm's items and managing inventory costs. Instead, his job was data entry — all day, every day. His performance suffered because ___________.
he was mismatched for the job
Which one of the following is not one of the dimensions of national culture as identified by Hofstede?
humane orientation
All good strategic management processes start with
identifying the mission, goals, and strategies
The opportunity to lead a marketing project at Rudi's Organic Bakery would be considered a(n) ________ reward; a raise for doing a good job is a(n) ________ reward.
intrinsic; extrinsic
Alma draws her strength from within. She is introspective, reserved, prefers ideas to people, and often withdraws to a quiet place to recharge her energy. According to the MBTI Type Indicator, Alma is most likely a(n) _____________.
introvert
The Michigan studies found that_______________
job satisfaction is higher when the leader developed relationship with employees and took care of their needs
In the movie 9 to 5, Maria Delgado worked mornings and her sister, who came in a few minutes before Maria left, worked the same position in the afternoons. This type of flexible work arrangement is known as _____________.
job sharing
Heidi Debeneditti, the Finance Director of CH2MHill, states that selection really begins with early planning even before you post the job. To this end, it would be important to prepare the job description along with a listing of the qualifications needed for the position. This list of qualifications is known as a ________.
job specification
Matt enjoys seeing for himself how things are going in his department. Often you can find Matt out in the area visiting his employees and listening to them talk about their work. Matt is using which control technique?
management by walking around
Tom Girard, Director of Retail Operations, indicates that he is able to keep "hands-on" with the staff, and he is always aware of how individual employees have performed and what skills they need to work on. This suggests that Girard practices ________.
management by walking around (MBWA)
A code of ethics will be more effective if _____________.
management sets the example and deals with unethical behavior promptly and publicly
According to Herzberg, ________ is/ are related to job satisfaction, while _______________ is/ are related to job dissatisfaction.
motivators; hygiene factors
Although Beva-Cola maintains bottling facilities on five continents, it allows each country manager to alter the recipe slightly to accommodate local tastes. We would consider Beva-Cola to be a(n) _______.
multi-domestic corporation
Melanie, a department head, worked with her subordinates to develop a plan for the department in support of the strategic plan for the organization. This department plan was communicated to all employees who were then expected to develop their own personal and team plans to help achieve the department goals. Which one of the following reasons for planning is fulfilled by this practice?
planning establishes coordinated effort
Isabella has discovered that as she rises through the ranks of her organization, she spends more time ___________ and less time _____________.
planning; supervising
Five workers from the machining department are brainstorming ideas to reduce waste. Their ideas will be presented to their supervisor who will decide which, if any, to implement. These five workers comprise a ____________ team.
problem-solving
It is clear from the video that CH2MHill takes finding the right employees seriously. They take a great deal of time to plan early, understand what the role does and how it might evolve, and then move forward finding that right person. Which function of human resources management do these activities describe?
recruitment and selection
Management of the ABC Company has always been committed to maximizing profits for their shareholders. In the last two years, they have also focused on clean air and clean water by changing their internal emissions standards. The ABC Company has focused on _________.
social responsibility
The external environment is said to be ________ when there are few new competitors, little activity from outside groups, and minimal technological breakthroughs.
stable
Based upon the information presented in the video, one could say that CH2MHill's product delivery system is what kind of plan?
standing
nissan's strategic goal of developing a car that rivals Porsche's 911 Turbo is what kind of goal
stated
When employees focus their behavior on the key values of the organization, the organization is said to have a ________ culture.
strong
CH2MHill's project managers are experts in the field. They are able to meet the need of the client while continuing to keep the specific goals on target. The plans for goal completion are often called which of the following?
tactical
In a culture described as "ready-fire-aim," managers would spend most of their time doing which of the following?
taking action
which of the following statement is considered to be a contemporary organizational design?
team
A ________________ is an example of a special type of first-line manager.
team leader
the main purpose of ______________ is to __________________.
team building; increase members' trust and openness toward one another
The standards to which performance is compared come from ___________.
the planning process
Americans expect that their pay and other rewards should reflect their efforts and performance. Employees in socialist countries believe their pay and rewards should also consider_______________.
their individual needs
management by objectives is more effective when
top management is committed to the process
When ________________, a 360-degree appraisal is better than the traditional approach to performance evaluation.
work is accomplished in self-managed teams
skill variety, task identity, task significance contribute to the perception that the ________________.
work is meaningful
Year after year, Hal has rated Bob and Jim's performance at a higher level than Sue and Tina. But by all accounts, Bob, Jim, Sue, and Tina have all made about the same number of sales and brought in the same amount of revenue each year. Some people say the ratings reflect Hal's thoughts about men being in his sales department. This would reflect which perceptual shortcut?
"like me" effect
Which of the following is an important reason for taking a course in management?
All of the above are important reasons for taking a course in management
Taking a course in management is appropriate ONLY for:
All students, regardless of major or management experience
During an economic downturn when businesses must cut expenses, managers must be creative in motivating employees. Which one of the following would most likely motivate surviving employees to sustain their effort following a layoff of their fellow employees?
Asking employees for their input on important issues
Paul has decided on Bob for the new management position. Lori feels like she was looked over again and that Bob received the promotion because he is a man. If this were truly the case, it may in fact be a(n) _________ issue.
EEO
Which of the following countries is more likely to use direct supervision and a centralized decision making system, rather than technology, to help control employee behavior?
Ethiopia
Annie is working in an organization where her paycheck reflects how many hours she has worked with each paying client. For her, this seems very fair and motivating. This type of pay-for-performance plan is best associated with which of the following motivation theories?
Expectancy theory
The staff at Zane's meets every Saturday morning before the store opens and discusses what went on during the week. If Chris Zane reprimanded an employee at this meeting about the way he/she had handled a customer request during the week, this would be an example of ________ control.
Feedback
Social loafing is a very individualistic perspective. Countries that value the individual over the team should be more cautious and not surprised to see social loafing. This represents which of the current issues in teams?
Global perspectives
in which one of the following situations would a divisional structure make the most sense?
HJK Corp, an international conglomerate, markets dissimilar products in many countries.
____________ studied in the Ohio State research is similar to the __________ studied in the Michigan research.
Initiating structure; production orientation
John is trying to decide whether or not a team is the best approach to reach the division's goals. When he assesses what is needed to reach the goals, he can see that many of the people in the division will be dependent on others on the team for their own success. This is an example of which of the "team tests" we use to determine if a team will do better than an individual?
Is there interdependence between the tasks?
After a turbulent year at Virginia Technology when customer demand came to a critical standstill and one whole division was let go, Brandon is not feeling very secure in his job. Daily he is experiencing high anxiety and feelings of guilt. This is best described as which of the following?
Layoff-survivor sickness
Jason is excited to be starting his new job next month. He always felt his old company was not forthright with their decision making. It bothered him that he never understood how the CEO was using the company's finances to make hard decisions. At Jason's new company, though, the financial records are shared with everyone in the organization. He is excited to see how his effort will make an impact on the company's financial results. The new company's approach to finance can best be described as which of the following?
Open-book management
Rudi's Organic Bakery attracts people with a similar set of values and passion around healthy living. Employees who find themselves sharing values and building relationships with their colleagues are satisfying what level of need on Maslow's pyramid?
Social
the part of the SWOT analysis that examines the activities an organization does well is
strengths
which country has the highest stress level on average?
United Kingdom
Which of the following benefits is legally required to be paid by the organization?
Workers' compensation
At the corporate level, Zane's uses formal surveys that ask the customers about their engagement in the process, whether they had a positive experience with Zane's Cycles, and if they were satisfied. What source of information does this represent?
Written/ statistical reports
Star workers and star athletes share a high need for ______________.
achievement
One of the myths of entrepreneurship is that entrepreneurs __________.
are born with characteristics that make them successful
The month-end figures are in. Although the product quantity met goals, the scrap rate was over budget. The managers reviewing these numbers are engaging in ______________.
control
The first phase of the HRM process involves each of the following EXCEPT
determining training needs
When the interviewer discovered Steve was a military veteran, his whole attitude toward him changed. He expected Steve would have a strong work ethic, be polite and respectful, be a leader in his work area, and have a positive effect on his co-workers. All this happened because the interviewer _______________.
engaged in stereotyping
the intent of the federal employment law is to
ensure equal access to employment opportunities
An organization that is characterized by innovative practices and has growth and profitability as its main goal Is called a(n) __________.
entrepreneurial venture (EV)
an___________ means lower organization levels can set goals and develop plans more readily
flat hierarchy
planning is often called the primary management function because
it establishes the basis for all the other things managers do
Organizations prefer to minimize turnover because ____________________.
it increases costs
Which of the following does NOT describe an innovative culture?
lack of trust and openness
An effective control system will___________
lead to the achievement of organizational goals
__________ is what leaders do.
leadership
As a way to communicate innovations and new ideas with all employees inside McDoogle's Game and Play, Jim McDoogle uses a tool called the McDoogle Black Box to facilitate sharing this information. McDoogle's is what kind of organization?
learning
Michael has been out of school for three years now and is being promoted for the fourth time. He has put in lots of time and energy to meet each of his goals on his career path. His friends refer to him as the over-achiever! Which of the following needs would best describe Michael?
nAch
most managers agree that change is
necessary
Joanne loves trying new things. She is wonderful at experimenting with new technology, coming up with creative ideas, and working on the design table. This part of her personality may best be described by which of the following?
openness to experience
Scott Barstow's might be defined as which type of entrepreneur?
opportunity based
Ron was super excited about starting his new job. On his first day, Ron participated in a meeting where he learned about the organization and his new team. This meeting is called a(n) __________.
orientation
"People will support what they help create" exemplifies which method of reducing change?
participation
During the meeting, Jill asks Dr. Samuels and Dr. McKenzie to serve as physician content specialists in the design of the EMR system. Which technique for reducing resistance to change does this delegation characterize?
participation
When CH2MHill describes a person as extraverted, they are actually describing a person's __________.
personality
A leader with strong position power who is relationship-oriented will be most effective when leader-member relations are _____________ and task structure is ___________.
poor; high
It is time to decorate the event hall for the company Christmas party. For this activity, a _________ group would be better because they are better at ___________.
small; getting the job done
Despite deep cuts in the workforce, Angelo was able to keep his job. Still, he felt depressed and insecure, not sure when the next round of cuts would come. He seriously thought about looking for another job. Angelo may be suffering from __________.
survivor sickness
Lance works in a fast-paced, noisy environment without air conditioning. His workspace is cramped, group leaders and other employees are constantly shouting, tools are humming and buzzing. Lance is likely to face stress caused by ____________.
task demands
innovation is not complete until
the idea has become a useful product, service, or way of doing things
Before the Ohio and Michigan studies, researchers believed___________.
there was one right way to lead; all other ways were wrong
Rudi's Bakery is known for its innovation in the market of organic bread. Which of the following most likely describes Rudi's culture?
A culture that tolerates risk, focuses on the means rather than the end, and uses an open-system focus.
Dr. Weiss is a research scientist with a major pharmaceutical company. In his position he has great flexibility in determining his research projects but he is expected to work toward certain organizational goals. He has presented five technical papers to his national professional group and received high praise for his work. According to the path-goal theory, Dr. Weiss would respond best to a(n) ________ leadership style.
Achievement-oriented
Marcus is really concerned that his team is falling behind in reaching their goals. Often when he is participating in a manager's meeting, he will ask his counterparts how their teams are doing. This is one way that Marcus can do which of the following?
Benchmarking
Which of the following major concepts of group behavior describes the degree to which members are attracted to one another?
Cohesiveness
Rudi's Bakery works with many teams in their organization. Every week members of a work team, with participants from all areas of the organization, get together to look at all the key measures for success. This kind of group is best called which of the following?
Cross-functional
To plan next year's strategy, Jill has brought the best and brightest from around the organization together. Representatives from each area were asked to bring their ideas for the new year. This represents which kind of team?
Cross-functional team
which one of the following is best describes the functional structure?
Customer service occupies the first floor, marketing the second, accounting the third, and information technology the fourth.
When customers buy an Entegra motorhome, they expect to be able to use their half-million dollar motorhomes without having to return for warranty work. Entegra is known as the industry leader in quality and sells more motorhomes in its class than any other producer. From this we can conclude that _____________.
Enter has used quality to create a sustainable competitive advantage
Based upon the information presented in the video, CH2MHill prefers taking time to get to know the area of a project by meeting as many of the stakeholders in that area as possible. This is an example of which of the following?
Environmental scanning
Lori is very excited to have some "new blood" on the team. She is looking for the new college grads to bring energy and ideas to the team. She is quickly learning these new employees are pre-occupied with the technology and always trying to figure out how to leverage the apps in their work. More than likely Lori has hired new employees who represent which generation?
GEN Y
________ identified ten different but highly interrelated roles performed by all managers, regardless of their level within the organization.
Henry MIntzberg
Based on the fact that Anderson, Planning Project Manager at CH2MHill, said there were times when leaders need to be encouraging, and times when leaders need to make specific assignments and follow-through, which of the following dimensions of leader behavior most accurately depicts Anderson's views on leadership?
High in initiating structure - High in consideration
Anderson eludes to the fact that many project leaders need to allow team members to use their expertise and take ownership for their tasks. Using situational leadership theory (SLT), what style of leadership might be displayed at CH2MHill most often?
Low task/low relationship (delegating)
Roger, who is a lead baker for Rudi's Bakery, has been on a work team for more than a year. Over time, the group members have grown really fond of each other and are proud to be on this team. Which stage of group development does this describe?
Norming
Without even saying it, everyone in the sales group knows that meetings start 5 minutes behind schedule. This exemplifies which of the following group concepts?
Norms
Michael is constantly pitching in and helping out when someone on the team needs help, even if it means staying late. Michael's behavior can best be described as which of the following?
Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)
Bobby is using the Situational Leadership theory to help him improve his leadership. Often he is looking at his follower's motivation and skill set. The theory would say Bobby is assessing which of the following?
Readiness
Rudi's Bakery has pulled together a cross-functional team that is looking at the issues of distribution. This is the team's second meeting, and there is a great deal of confusion over who the real leader is and what the exact goals are for the team. At which stage of group development is this team?
Storming
The new research group is filled with conflict. Ross and Dawn are still competing to gain leadership and have the team follow their personal lead. The team is confused not only about leadership, but also about the reason they were called together. There is a great deal of aggravation and disenchantment with the research group. At this point, the research group is experiencing which of the following group stages?
Storming
At CH2MHill, Dan Anderson, Planning Project Manager, suggests that in a flat structure like theirs, at times project managers must motivate through encouragement. According to the path-goal theory, what style of leadership most directly aligns with this behavior?
Supportive
Chris Zane relies on his employees to take care of the customer in every situation. Even if Zane has to step in and reassure the customer in the process, he then hands the situation off to his employees to resolve the customer's issue. Which step of the control process does this describe?
Taking action
Many of the early theories of leadership examined specific behaviors. Which of the following described leadership behavior in terms of autocratic styles and democratic styles?
University of Iowa
A structured evaluation approach that an entrepreneur might use is __________.
a feasibility study
Assume that a new position at CH2MHill becomes available. Which of the following would be MOST useful when performing an internal search to fill the newly created position?
a human resource inventory
A key characteristic of all organizations is that they have __________.
a purpose
A small group within a large organization whose mission is to develop a project primarily for the purpose of radical innovation is called __________.
a skunk works
Diego noticed that his firm's workforce no longer approximated the ethnic mix of the community. To increase the diversity of his employee population, Diego should ___________.
actively seek ethnically diverse candidates through ads in ethnic newspapers
Brian feels very passionate about the new plan for the operations department. This is the first exciting thing that Brian has seen happen in his department. This represents which component of Brian's attitude?
affective
Hamida, age 64, was laid off from her production position but Mike, age 38, kept his job. They were equal in seniority, which was the basis for determining who was laid off. Hamida could claim __________ discrimination.
age
Debeneditti stressed the importance of being able to tolerate change as an employee at CH2MHill. If the company hired an individual who subsequently could not tolerate the slightest change, this would be ________.
an accept error
Jan does not intend to become a manager. It is still a good idea for her to study management because ___________.
as an employee she will still most likely report to a manager
"You're not the boss of me," a complaint often heard on the playground, is best related to the concept of
authority
Elm Street Market has purposely designed the organization so the Board of Directors does have ________, but it is the co-op members who have the __________.
authority; power
Pam loves her job. She starts her day every morning deciding on what the day's priorities will be and how she can get them done. There are very few constraints that Pam must deal with in her job. Which of the following job characteristics does this describe?
autonomy
Trenton Financial wanted its sales reps to share information and leads with each other to improve team performance but offered individual incentives for the top sales people. Not surprisingly, no one shared any information. What should Trenton Financial have done?
based on rewards on the achievement of team goals rather than individual ones
To achieve work-life balance, an entrepreneur should __________.
become a good time manager
It is well known that Disney sets the standard for moving people through wait lines. After customers complained about trying to pick the fastest checkout line—and often failing—the owner of a supermarket visited a Disney theme park to see how they managed their extremely long lines of people. The owner was _____________ to find a method that would lead to an advantage over his competitors.
benchmarking
If Mark wanted to see if he is meeting his financial goals, he could easily compare his actual spending to which of the following?
budget
In comparison to Elm City Market, many grocery stores operate as chains, with stores across a region and a headquarters in one space. Some of the most critical decisions get made at the headquarters and then shared with the actual stores. This way of making decisions is considered which of the following?
centralized
Michael is very enthusiastic about the new direction in which his company is headed. With everything new that is about to take place, Michael's boss enlists his help to act as a catalyst and help manage the change process. Michael can be described as a __________.
change agent
a person who drives change from either inside or outside the organization is considered to be a
change agent
Michael gives his sales team time every week to walk through the competitor's stores and look for any new changes. this is an example of
competitive intelligence
George, CEO of Lotus, Inc., is meeting with his senior management team to decide where Lotus will be five years from now. They are discussing what industries they should enter and leave where the company should be positioned in its markets. They are also discussing how many divisions of Lotus will fit into their future. George and his team are using their _____________ skills.
conceptual
At Que's Heavenly Hamburgers they have just introduced milk shakes as a side item. They make each milk shake by hand and it is very labor intensive. Que likes to see how they are selling and has asked all the counter people to put a sticker on the "Milk Shake Board" any time they sell a milk shake. With the stickers on the "Milk Shake Board," Que can see how many shakes they are selling at any time. This is an example of which of the following?
concurrent control
The one Big Five personality dimension most likely to predict success at work is __________.
conscientiousness
During the summer, the country club hires college students to tend the grounds and work as servers in the dining hall. The number of students varies year to year, depending on the number of members. These students are considered ___________ workers.
contingent
Jim is wondering whether his division's goals for the year are being accomplished. To determine to what degree goal completion is happening, Jim should use which of the following management functions?
control
Within appropriate limits, employees at ABC Company can make decisions about how and when they perform work. Each one must submit reports of their weekly work along with their time cards. This is evidence of an effective _____________.
control system
Flora is comparing the monthly budget to actual revenues and expenses. Flora is engaged in the ____________ function.
controlling
organizational design involves
creating the organization's structure
If Rudi's Bakery is using the systems model (inputs →transformation process →outputs) to develop the company's new products, which of the following variables would be considered an "input"?
creative people
His followers have a real issue with Charles. He will say one thing to his crew but tell a different story to his supervisor. Later he will deny having said what his followers heard. He rarely keeps his promises but must rely heavily on his followers to cover his mistakes. Charles lacks __________ as a leader.
credibility
Toby is an accounting clerk whose responsibilities include processing invoices for payment. Along with a person from shipping/receiving and one from purchasing, he is developing a method to streamline the process to improve accuracy and speed up the payment of invoices. These three people comprise a _____________ team.
cross-functional
The University of Iowa studies focused on the _______________.
democratic, autocratic, and laissez-faire styles of leadership
During times of uncertainty and constant change, a _____________ plan is better than a __________ one.
directional; specific
The introduction of railroads by Vanderbilt acted as a(n) ______ for the sailing ship industry.
disruptive innovation
innovation in products, services, or processes that radically change an industry is called
disruptive innovation
Dealing appropriately with negative workplace behavior is important because __________.
dissatisfied employees will find a way to respond, most likely in ways that are harmful to the organization
Linda has come into work late again. Her supervisor Dawn is getting tired of this behavior and needs to address this. Because Linda has made being late to everything a habit, Dawn is sure this is caused by nothing but Linda's poor attitude. Which factor of attribution theory is Dawn relying on to make this assessment?
distinctiveness
With the introduction of the new compensation system, HR knows that people are getting a little anxious. So along with the announcement of the new system, HR is sending out an email that will explain why the new system is necessary and how the system is going to benefit the employees and the organization. HR is trying to reduce the resistance to change by doing which of the following?
education and communication
__________ means doing a task correctly.
efficiency
Darlene's roofing crew finished the roof in record time, only to discover they had reroofed the wrong house. We could say this crew was _________________.
efficient but not effective
"Intelligence will get you into the game of leadership but you need__________ to stay in the game and advance in the organization," according to some leadership experts. In fact, without it, promotions are decidedly less likely.
emotional intelligence
The engineers at CH2MHill who work with clients must have strong social skills and empathy for their client. The personality construct that best captures this is which of the following?
emotional intelligence
Linda's daughter and grandchildren have moved back in with her, creating unwanted tension in her life and causing her work performance to suffer. As her supervisor, you recommend Linda take advantage of the company's _______________.
employee assistance program
If Rudi's wanted to continue fostering innovation within the organization, which of the following human resource variables should it consider fostering?
encouraging individuals to become idea champions
the key elements of motivation are
energy, direction, and persistence
Milton has written a technical paper that he will present at the national conference of his professional association. He expects to receive accolades for his work. Milton is working to satisfy his _________ needs.
esteem
A shared concept of right and wrong behavior is characteristic of a(n) __________.
ethical culture
one problem with the simple structure is
everything depends on one person
McElroy has decided to purchase items at estate auctions near his home in the U.S. and sell them on eBay to buyers in Australia, Israel, and other countries around the world. McElroy is engaged in _______.
exporting
In meetings, John has been known to raise his voice and use a tone that many on his team find offensive. In the past, this has gotten John attention and people stop to listen to his rant. Ross has now decided that this will not continue, and that the team will just ignore John when he speaks with such disrespect. This is an example of which of the following?
extinction
CH2MHill likes to see the personality trait of _______ in their engineers, giving them the ability to be more of a consultant as they interact with their client.
extraversion
Chris loves meeting people at work. Some say he has never met a stranger. This behavior has served him very well in his position as he has built a large network of support. This part of his personality may be best characterized by which of the following?
extraversion
Which of the following describes a structural variable that Rudi's Bakery could use to support innovation?
facilitating frequent communication between organizational units
elon musk announced that Tesla was building a robot to replace most of the firm's employees
false
Organizations such as Microsoft, Blackstone Group LP, and Credit Suisse Group AG, have added generous paid-leave policies to give employees time off to bond with their new-born babies. This is an example of ___________.
family-friendly benefits
Abraham's job requires that he work through others and coordinate their actions to achieve his firm's goals. Abraham is a(n) ___________.
first-line manager
Ross does enjoy managing the lunch shift at Chez le'Steak. It is a fine dining establishment that Ross is very proud of. Ross manages the lunch staff on an every day basis. Which type of manager best describes Ross's position?
first-line manager
in an uncertain environment, managers should
flatten the organizational hierarchy to plan more effectively
Situational leadership theory focuses on the ___________ because ______________.
followers; they are the ones who accept or reject the leader
In the absence of on-site management in a global organization, managers must often rely on____________ and technology to control its operations.
formal reports
Members have been selected for the problem-solving team. They have exchanged contact information and are discussing what roles they will assign, who will be in charge, and what they intend to do about the problem they have been given. This team is in the ____________ stage of group development.
forming
Larimer Mfg. has placed all the die cast machines in one area, the machining centers into a different area, and the finished goods in a warehouse room. Larimer is using ______________ departmentalization.
functional
Some people appear to work best when a deadline is imminent. For these people, this would be considered __________ stress.
functional
The results of job redesign to incorporate Hackman's and Oldham's model are more strongly positive when the person in the job has a high need for ___________.
growth
Exiting a venture when an entrepreneur hopes to capitalize financially on the investment in the venture is called __________.
harvesting
an organic organization will
have few rules
American heroes tend to be loners, like John Wayne characters or Superman, because America is ___________.
high in individualism
What is the term for the achievement of a work environment in which all individuals are treated fairly and respectfully?
inclusion
Dr. Samuels objects to the new EMR system because spending time on data entry will require physicians to work longer hours or see fewer patients. Given this view, what is the likely reason for his resistance to the change?
incompatibility with the organizations best interest
Zoe must make a comparison between the members of her team. This is not a task she enjoys, but she understands why it must be done. She has listed all her employees in order from highest to lowest performance levels. This took a great deal of time, but Zoe made sure that there were no ties between employees and that everyone was in the correct order. This is which approach for comparing employees?
individual ranking
The definition of a leader is someone who can __________ others and who has authority.
influence
One of the ultimate goals of organizational behavior is to _______________.
influence how employees behave
Culture can be described as all of the following except ________.
influenced by competitors
Google is known as a company that is constantly moving to the "edge" with new ways of leveraging technology in their operations and products. Which cultural dimension does this represent?
innovation and risk taking
Jenny is well known throughout the organization for being a great motivator. She has mastered the art of building relationships and making her team feel empowered. Jenny is leveraging which of the following management skills?
interpersonal skills
In the interview, what prompted Scott Barstow of Rocket Hangar to start his own business?
job change
After observing a current employee performing her work, Nanette recorded the essential tasks in a document that would be used to recruit and select others to perform the same work. Nanette created a ___________.
job description
Chris met Ross for an informational interview about a job that Ross has now listed as open. At the meeting, Ross gave Chris a document that describes exactly what the new employee would do, how they should do it, and why it's done that way. This document is typically called a __________.
job description
Stressors can be divided into two categories, _________________.
job related factors and personal factors
Elm Street Market prides itself on continuing to learn about the community, organic food, and their relationship with their customers. This best describes what kind of organization?
learning
affirmative action programs are intended to
level the playing field by reducing unfair employment practices
Harley-Davidson allows Portland Clothing to stitch the Harley logo on the jackets it makes and sells to retailers. This is a _________ arrangement.
licensing
In the United States, it is not uncommon for an hourly worker to approach the CEO to begin a conversation. This happens because, according to Geert Hofstede, the American culture displays ____________.
low power distance
Martha, the office gossip, would like to be promoted. She is technically skilled but has not earned the trust of her peers. Your advice to her would be to ____________.
maintain confidence
a successful new-hire orientation
makes it less likely that the new employee will resign within the first few weeks of employment
Steve has been given a team that he now leads with the expectation that he can reach the new sales goal for the southeast area. Steve's position is best described as which of the following?
management
________ is the process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, with and through other people.
management
Ross has taken a new job at a restaurant. He is now in charge of the lunch shift. He helps determine the menu, works on marketing the lunch specials, and leads a staff of 24. Which of the following best describes Ross's position?
manager
Martin balked against having to create a personal plan with goals for the next 12 months, claiming that planning and goals would lock the organization into a course of action that may not fit the future as the competitive landscape changes. Which one of the following is the best response to Martin?
managers need to remain flexible an don't be tied to a course of action simply because its the plan
In a learning organization,
managers serve as facilitators who support the teams
Devon is an accountant who is a member of the product development team for the latest version of his firm's consumer gadget. It is most likely that Devon works in a ___________ structure.
matrix
The senior management team handed down the corporate goals to the business units, who created goals and plans to support them and handed those down to the department heads. They likewise handed down their goals to the first line supervisors, who developed plans with their non-managerial employees to meet those goals. This organization has created a(n) ____________.
means-end chain
Walmart advertises itself as the low-cost provider and aggressively works to keeps its costs down so it can maintain enough profit to grow globally. We would expect the organizational structure of Walmart to be ____________.
mechanistic
The digital marketing employee at Rudi's Organic Bakery is a young employee with a strong drive to "make it" in this industry. This employee could best be described as being high on which of the following scales?
need for achievement
Management wanted to reclassify some of the maintenance people as computer programmers, but the union resisted because computer programmers were not union members. As a consultant to management, you recommend ___________.
negotiation
During the ___________ stage of group development, a cross-functional group adopts a slogan and begins to enjoy each other's company.
norming
The new HR team is finally building some camaraderie amongst its members. This represents which of the following stages of group development?
norming
Part of CH2MHill's work includes allowing specific employees to be responsible for finding and developing new projects. A SWOT analysis would identify these new projects as a(n) ________.
opportunity
Bruce Beker compared Elm City Market to a grocery chain. He said that based on their structure, they could be more nimble than larger stores. Which of the following would best explain this type of organizational structure?
organic
The cell phone industry produces a steady stream of new gadgets with more features, bells, and whistles. To compete successfully in such an environment, a company such as Apple would likely have a(n) ___________ organizational structure.
organic
B. Dillon is a company that is trying to grow from a culture focused on sales to a culture that is focused on customer relations. This represents which of the following OB focus areas?
organizatinoal
A(n) __________ is a deliberate arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose.
organization
Getting work done efficiently and effectively
organizing
one advantage of division of labor is
pay can be based on the skills actually used on the tasks performed, allowing for lower labor costs overall
Yohnna had been told no several times and by several people as she was working to accomplish her goal. But no matter how many no's she heard, she would not give up until the goal was accomplished. Yohnna is displaying what element of motivation?
persistence
Scott Barstow's perception that current builders of tech companies did not understand how to manage the product build process speaks directly to what entrepreneurial personality trait?
persistent problem solver
Delta described her co-worker as friendly, open, and gregarious, but subject to mood swings. Delta was talking about her co-worker's ___________.
personality
Edie has received a rush order and is in the process of deciding how to re-arrange existing orders to squeeze this one in. Edie is engaged in ____________.
planning
_____________is often called the primary management function
planning
Henri Fayol identified five functions all managers perform. There were ______________.
planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling
In most organizations, the financial budget serves as both a ___________ tool and a(n) ___________ tool.
planning; controlling
Harold greets the administrative assistants each morning and regularly chats with the other supervisors. He is on good terms with the upper managers, offering suggestions to save money and to make the firm more effective. Harold is exercising his __________ skills.
political
Sammy is really enjoying her new job. She loves having the autonomy and responsibility that comes at her new level. She has a vision to move her department to the next level, but she is having trouble connecting with the right people in the organization to make it happen. Which of the skills and competencies is Sammy having trouble with?
political skills
In much the same way we can train dogs and children with treats for good behavior, managers can use __________ to help shape the behavior of employees.
positive reinforcement
___________is a personality trait describing those individuals who are more prone to take actions to influence their environment.
proactive personality
Scott Barstow's ability not only to identify the issues in his tech environment but address those issues speaks to what entrepreneurial personality trait?
proactivity
At Rudi's Bakery, if the large work team finds a problem with one of the success metrics, a _____________ team is then formed to address that specific finding.
problem-solving
motivation is an
process
Newton often talked to his production manager about better ways to accomplish work in his department, but no one ever seemed to listen. Newton never knew what happened to his ideas so eventually, he stopped offering suggestions. Which condition for innovation did Newton's employer forget?
provide positive feedback
Using situational leadership, before project managers at CH2MHill can delegate responsibilities to team members, the leaders should first gauge their __________.
readiness
Perhaps the best way that managers can manage negative behavior in the workplace is which of the following?
recognize it's there
Oscar, an HR professional with a commercial bank, is on the campus of a local university to speak with this semester's graduates about career opportunities within his bank. Oscar is engaged in __________.
recruitment
Gen Y workers expect their managers to ______________.
respect their desire for work/life balance
At AI Rubber, the inside sales staff were expected to improve on-time deliveries of the product although the production people did not report to the sales people. In this case, AI Rubber had delegated __________ without __________.
responsibility; authority
the first step for a manger to accomplish when setting goals is which of the following?
review the organization's mission
Ross is having difficulty trying to find balance in life. He is feeling pressure as dad, husband, director, colleague, and friend. Ross's stress is being caused by which of the following?
role overload
Scott Barstow's main concern in opening this business was to create something that was: __________.
scalable
The Army's motto of "Be All That You Can Be" is an example of _______________.
self-actualization
In the sales department Hal is constantly trying to bring in the highest revenue each quarter. Hal fully believes he can do this, no matter the hurdles. He continues to stay focused on the goal and puts in all his effort. Which of the following goal-performance contingencies is Hal leveraging?
self-efficacy
Roger, who is a lead engineer for CH2MHill, has a high expectation for success, doesn't really care what others think, and is satisfied with his job. The personality trait that best describes Roger is which of the following?
self-esteem
It could easily be thought that Elm City market has low departmentalization, wide spans of control, and little formalization. Which of the following best describes this kind of structure?
simple
On-the-job training is a good example of __________.
social learning
Randy likes to volunteer for group assignments, but only with the larger groups. He attends every meeting but never contributes to the work of the group. Randy is guilty of ___________.
social loafing
Linda is ready to take her business to the next level. She wants to build her customer community beyond her walls. Which of the following should she try?
social media
Kaitlyn would like to see her employer develop a social media presence. One persuasive argument Kaitlyn could use is ____________.
social media is a good way to connect with customers and to tap into the innovation and talent of the firm's employees
The animosity between Harlan and Chastity is about to tear the group apart. Both want to be the leader and have solicited support from the other group members. This group is in the __________ stage.
storming
Part of CH2MHill's __________ is to move into as many new markets as possible by leveraging their expertise in environmental engineering. This direction was set in place by their Board of Directors.
strategic plan
Business decisions based on communicating openly with various stakeholders to understand their requirements, and factoring economic, environmental, and social aspects into how they pursue their goals, is more likely to achieve __________.
sustainability
Walmart is committed to achieve its business goals and increase long-term shareholder value by integrating economic, environmental, and social opportunities into its business strategies. Over one-quarter of their locations use renewable energy. This illustrates Walmart's commitment to _______.
sustainability
The idea that a manager's ability to affect performance is constrained by external factors represents a _______ view of management.
symbolic
which of the following is NOT part of the creative process?
teamwork
According to Exhibit 8-1, what type of change is faced by the hospital?
technology
Based upon the exchange between the two doctors in the opening scene of the video, which of the external forces for change is at play?
technology
Kontek replaced the manually loaded diecast machines with robotic casting centers, eliminating many of the burn hazards for its employees. This is an example of changing the __________ of an organization.
technology
Desmond works for a technology firm in Virginia from his home in South Carolina. He is able to stay connected through Skype, Messenger, and the organization's intranet. Desmond's work arrangement is most like which of the following?
telecommuting
Emotional intelligence is ____________.
the ability to understand one's own emotions and to read others' emotions, and to adjust one's actions accordingly
A noticeable difference between the traditional structures and the team structure is ___________.
the absence of clear chain of command in a team structure
In northern Indiana, the influx of workers from Spanish-speaking countries has caused employers to seek bilingual candidates for management and human resources positions. This is reflective of a change in _____________.
the composition of the organization's workforce
the Major advantage of the divisional structure is
the duplication of functions that increases the organization's costs and reduces efficiency
when performing SWOT analysis
the external environment is analyzed first to identify opportunities and threats so that internal strengths can be identified to take advantage of the opportunities and weaknesses will not be exposed to threats
when deciding what source to use to locate viable candidates for open positions, the HR professional should consider
the local labor market, the type or level of the position, and the size of the organization
One advantage of personal observation is ____________
the observer gains firsthand, unbiased information
As the manager of a large accounting department with 22 employees, Jasmin is often faced with ethical decisions. Her decisions are guided by her commitment to respecting the privileges of her employees - especially their privacy. Which perspective of managerial ethics is Jasmin using?
the rights view of ethics
The Equal Pay Act could be considered an application of ___________.
the theory of justice view of ethics
Larry thanks his subordinates every day for coming to work and giving their best. He makes sure they have the tools and materials they need, when they need them. He offers words of encouragement and takes an interest in each worker personally as well as professionally. He does what he can to make the work interesting and challenging. Larry knows that _____________.
these actions contribute to job satisfaction and satisfied workers are more productive
Star Coffee is looking for a coffee drink that will be their next big seller. They have asked all the baristas to participate in creating new recipes for this drink. They have also told all baristas to go ahead and try any flavor combination they want; there will be no ramifications for "bad taste." Which characteristic is Star Coffee exhibiting to increase creativity and innovation?
tolerate risk
Jay's subordinates would follow him anywhere, do anything for him because they know he would protect them and their interests. They know he would not ask them to do anything he wouldn't do himself. Jay is deserving of his subordinates' ______________.
trust
The customer care team uses ________ to facilitate cooperation and reduce in fighting.
trust
Danylle has heard the new vision for her team, and has a basic understanding that things can't stay the way they are, but she is still not excited about the change. The best way to describe Danylle's resistance to change is which of the following?
uncertainty
Environmental ________ refers to the degree of change and complexity in the organization's environment.
uncertainty
Martin's Hardware began doing business with a manual cash register—ancient by today's standards. A few years ago, the owner replaced it with a modern, PC-based system. The assistant manager was uncomfortable with the change. His resistance to change was likely based on ____________.
uncertainty
the production of items in small batches is called
unit production
If Coca-Cola wanted to open a facility on Redagustan, a country with little economic development, it should ___________
use a more formal and mechanistic structure
Managers can help to reduce the likelihood of workplace violence by ____________.
using managing by walking around (MBWA)
At Rudi's Bakery sales staff must travel the country meeting with their distributors. They must use technology to be linked to each other and to achieve organizational goals. This describes which kind of team?
virtual
"Come with me on a journey into the future. We will change the way people interact with each other and with their environment. The world will be a better place because of the products we will produce." These are statements likely made by a(n) _____________ leader.
visionary
As a consumer, it is important for you to study management because ____________.
we expect to experience both efficiency and effectiveness when interacting with organizations
a job analysis seeks to determine
what a person must know and be able to do to satisfy the needs of a particular position in a company
It is important to carefully select what activities will be measured because _______________
what gets measured gets monitored
By studying management we can expect to learn which of the following?
what good managers do
Identifying the stage of a group's development is important to managers because ___________.
when problems arise within the group, the manager will know how to help the group work through them
The primary concern about ethics training programs in organizations focuses on _______.
whether ethics can be taught
GHI Inc. operates in an industry known for innovation of new products. Customer preferences change frequently. Competitors who cannot produce new products or improvements to existing products do not survive. Turnover is high. GHI has tried many programs to keep talent. It appears the metaphor most fitting for GHI's situation is the ________________ metaphor.
white water rapids
Statistical reports can tell managers what happened but may not address _______________.
why it happened
Which of the following statements explains why customers are important to managers ?
without customers, most organizations would cease to exist
Marietta works in a production department alongside six other workers who do the same type of work. Each works independently but pool their output into the same bin. Marietta is part of a(n) _________.
work group
Culver keeps track of every wrong done to him at work and finds ways to get even, regardless of how long it might take. He has deleted important files from the intranet, altered research data, and intentionally annoyed co-workers. Culver is engaging in _____________.
work misbehavior
At Vermont Teddy Bear, some employees cut the pieces of fabric, others sew them together, others stuff the bears, and others dress them according to the customers' specifications. Vermont Teddy Bear uses _____________.
work specialization
Work groups differ from work teams in that
work team members generally have complementary skills
The ways in which people in an organization are different from and similar to one another is called __________.
workforce diversity