Exam 1 Multiple Choice Questions

_____________ states that all behavior is caused by preceding factors and is thus predictable, whereas ____________ posits that the future is fated no matter what we do. a. Fatalism; radical behaviorism b. Fatalism; dualism c. Dualism; determinism d. Determinism; fatalism

Determinism; fatalism

Which of these best illustrates a reflex? a. An unexpected noise eliciting a startle b. A knee jerk c. A dog sitting to get a treat d. An owl flying

a. An unexpected noise eliciting a startle

Two to-be-conditioned stimuli are presented at the same time and paired with an unconditioned stimulus. The two to-be-conditioned stimuli differ in saliency (e.g., faint light and loud tone). Only one of the stimuli, the tone, acquires associative strength and produces the conditioned response. This is an example of: a. Overshadowing b. Blocking c. Extinction d. Second-order conditioning

a. Overshadowing

In Siegel's experiments with morphine, what explains the difference in pain experienced by the rats in the different room vs same room condition? a. The room (context) elicited a drug-compensatory reaction b. The room (context) elicited a drug-like reaction c. The room (context) served as an aversive stimulus to reduce the effects of the drug d. The room (context) served as a flooding stimulus, extinguishing the rats' response to the morphine

a. The room (context) elicited a drug-compensatory reaction

Which of the following is NOT a tenant of radical behaviorism? a. all behavior must be publicly observable b. a science of behavior is possible c. behavioral events may be understood in relation to past and present environmental events and evolution d. no internal states, intervening variables, or hypothetical constructs are required in an explanation of behavior e. all of the above are tenants of radical behaviorism

a. all behavior must be publicly observable

___________ conditioning is generally considered to produce the most rapid conditioning. a. delay b. simultaneous c. trace d. backward

a. delay

In contradiction to the compensatory-response model of conditioning, the CS for some drugs elicit reactions that a. mimic the effect of the drug b. reduce the effect of the drug c. are the opposite of the effect of the drug d. both b and c are correct

a. mimic the effect of the drug

Imagine that you are training an eye blink in response to a colored light. During acquisition, you present a variety of light colors ranging from green to blue, pairing all colors with a puff of air. If, after successful acquisition of the CR, you graphed the generalization gradient, you would expect the curve to be: a. Steep b. Broad / Flat

b. Broad / Flat

Developed by Wolpe, the pairing of a CS that elicits one response (often an undesirable response such as fear) with a CS that elicits an incompatible response is called _________________. a. Flooding b. Counterconditioning c. Context conditioning d. Anticipatory conditioning

b. Counterconditioning

To reduce the killing of sheep by wolves, farmers sometimes place a vomit-inducing medication (lithium chloride) in lamb meat and leave it out for the wolves to eat. If successful, lamb meat will now be aversive to the wolf (perhaps inducing nausea). In this scenario, what is the conditioned stimulus? a. nausea b. lamb meat c. lithium chloride d. vomiting

b. lamb meat

_________________ is known for the developing the theory of dualism, involving the separation of mind and body. a. Locke b. Watson c. Descartes d. Pavlov e. none of the above

c. Descartes

When I hear the sound of a screen being lowered, I think of giving a lecture. This best illustrates which of Aristotle's Laws of Association? a. Law of similarity b. Law of contrast c. Law of contiguity d. Law of magnitude e. None of the above

c. Law of contiguity

_______________ is known for the concept of "tabula rasa" (blank slate), which is reflective of a _____________ view of behavior. a. Watson; nature (innate) b. Aristotle; nurture (learning) c. Locke; nurture (learning) d. Descartes; nature (innate)

c. Locke; nurture (learning)

The strength of the unconditioned stimulus affects: a. the rate of acquisition b. the asymptote of the acquisition curve c. both a & b d. neither a nor b

c. both a & b

Neobehaviorism utilizes intervening variables, usually in the form of ___________, to help explain behavior a. thoughts / cognitive processes b. fixed action patterns c. drives / physiological processes d. unconscious conflicts e. none of the above

c. drives / physiological processes

In blocking, the presence of a(n) _______ interferes with conditioning of a new CS. a. salient stimulus b. familiar stimulus c. established CS d. US e. all of the above

c. established CS