Exam #3 Intro: F&E
A nurse is aware of the high incidence and prevalence of fluid volume deficit among older adults. What related health education should the nurse provide to an older adult?
"Remember to drink frequently, even if you don't feel thirsty."
The nurse has just received the laboratory results of a client's calcium level. The nurse identifies a normal calcium level as:
8.5 to 10.5 mg/dl (2.25 mmol/l to 2.6 mmol/l)
Which client will have more adipose tissue and less fluid?
A woman
Cells maintain an electrical charge in their membrane via the sodium-potassium pump. They use energy to maintain a high level of potassium within the cell. This is an example of which type of transport?
Active transport
The nurse is correct to state that a client's body needs to have adequate nutrition to maintain energy. Which type of transport of dissolved substances requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Active transport
The nurse is describing the function of the sodium-potassium pump when explaining the large difference in intracellular and extracellular serum levels of these electrolytes. What process is the nurse primarily referring to?
Active transport
Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium?
Aldosterone
A nurse measures a patient's 24-hour fluid intake and documents the findings. To be an accurate indicator of fluid status, what must the nurse also do with the information?
Compare the total intake and output of fluids for the 24 hours.
Which body fluid is the fluid within the cells, constituting about 70% of the total body water?
ICF
The nurse is evaluating a newly admitted client's laboratory results, which include several values that are outside of reference ranges. Which of the following alterations would cause the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Increased serum sodium
You are the nurse evaluating a newly admitted patient's laboratory results, which include several values that are outside of reference ranges. Which of the following would cause the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Increased serum sodium
Based on knowledge of total body fluids, a nurse is especially watchful for a fluid volume deficit in an infant. Why would the nurse do this?
Infants have more total body fluid and ECF than adults.
Which intervention is a priority for the nurse when caring for a client with hypokalemia?
Initiate cardiac monitoring
The nurse is assessing residents at a summer picnic at the nursing facility. The nurse expresses concern due to the high heat and humidity of the day. Although the facility is offering the residents plenty of fluids for fluid maintenance, the nurse is most concerned about which?
Insensible fluid loss
The nurse at a long-term care facility encourages the older adults to drink even though they may not feel thirsty at the time. Which statement supports the nurse's action?
Older adults often experience a decrease in the sensation of thirst, even when serum sodium levels are high.
Water movement from the side of the membrane having a lesser number of particles and greater concentration of water to the side having a greater number of particles and lesser concentration of water is termed:
Osmosis
The student nurse studying fluid and electrolyte balance learns that which of the following is a function of water? Select all that apply.
Provides a medium for transporting substances throughout the body Facilitates cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning Helps maintain normal body temperature Facilitates digestion and promote elimination
What does release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) cause?
Reabsorption of water
The nurse is caring for a client with a nursing diagnosis of deficient fluid volume. The nurse's assessment reveals a BP of 98/52 mm Hg. The nurse should recognize that the client's kidneys will compensate by secreting what substance?
Renin
The nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing an increased level of aldosterone secretion. The nurse anticipates that the client may develop:
Sodium and water retention
A nurse explains the homeostatic mechanisms involved in fluid homeostasis to a student nurse. Which of the following statements accurately describe this process? Select all that apply.
The kidneys selectively retain electrolytes and water and excrete wastes and excesses according to the body's needs. The cardiovascular system is responsible for pumping and carrying nutrients and water throughout the body. The lungs regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of the blood, which is especially crucial in maintaining acid-base balance. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus.
The nurse explains to a nephrology client that the nephrons are fragile and require a constant supply of blood and oxygen. What compensatory mechanisms work to maintain this supply?
The renin-angiotensin system, causing vasoconstriction
A client is at risk for excess fluid volume. Which nursing intervention ensures the most accurate monitoring of the client's fluid status?
Weighing the client daily at the same time each day
Which of the following is the most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain?
Weight
A client who is NPO prior to surgery reports feeling thirsty. What is the physiologic process that drives the thirst factor?
decreased blood volume and intracellular dehydration
