Exam #3: Renal Extra Questions to Review-Done**

Which of the following patient complaints most clearly suggests a need for diagnostic testing to rule out renal cell carcinoma? a. Urinary urgency b. Hematuria c. Oliguria d. Cloudy urine

b. Hematuria

A patient has a diagnosis of chronic renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy. Which of the following hematologic changes may result from this patient's kidney disorder? a. Anemia b. Leukocytosis c. Thrombocytopenia d. Leukopenia

a. Anemia

Only the kidneys can eliminate___ from the body as a means of regulating body acid-base balance, when urine buffers are present: a. hydrogen (H+) b. potassium (K+) c. ammonia (NH3) d.phosphate (HPO4)

a. Hydrogen (H+)

A patient has recently undergone successful extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for the treatment of renal calculi. Which of the following measures should the patient integrate into his lifestyle to reduce the risk of recurrence? a. Increased fluid intake and dietary changes b. Weight loss and blood pressure control c. Regular random blood glucose testing d. Increased physcial activity and use of over-the-counter diuretics

a. Increased fluid intake and dietary changes.

The most recent assessment of a patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes indicated a heightened risk of diabetic nephropathy. Which of the following assessment findings is most suggestive of this increased risk? a. Microalbuminuria b. Hematuria c. Orthostatic hypotention d. Diabetic retionopathy

a. Microalbuminuria

In addition to regulating body fluids and electrolytes, the kidneys function in maintaining bone calcium levels by: a. acitvating vitamin D b. excreting bicarbonate c. stimulating bone marrow d. synthesizing erythopoietin

a. activating vitamin D

High-risk factors for development of adult renal cell cancer include: a. heavy smoking b. inherited renal disease c. adrenal medulla tumors d. anorexia/bulimia disorder

a. heavy smoking

The kidney assists in blood pressure regulation by releasing____from the juxtaglomerular cells in response to decreased renal blood flow, resulting in efferent arteriole vasoconstriction. a. renin b. angiotensin II c. aldosterone d. angiotension I

a. renin

The most damaging effects of urinary obstruction are the result of _____ and unrelieved obstruction of urine outflow. a. urinary stasis b. concentrated urine c. kidney hyperplasia d. renal hypertension

a. urinary stasis

Which of the following physiologic processes ins performed by the kidneys and contributes to increased blood pressure? a. Catalysis of the conversion of angiotentin I to angiotensin II b. Production and release of renin c. Secretion of aldosterone d. Conversion of aldosterone to angiotensin

b. Prodcution and release of renin

Which of the following assessment findings is most suggestive of nephrotic syndrome? a. Hematuria and anemia b. Proteinuria and generalized edema c. Renal colic and increased serum sodium d. Increased creatinine with normal blood urea nitrogen

b. Proteinuria and generalized edema

Which one of the following blood tests reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is used to estimate renal function? a. Blood protein b. Serum creatinine c. Serum ammonia d. Blood urea nitrogen

b. Serum creatinine

The initiating event in the development of nephrotic syndrome is a derangement in the glomerular membrane that causes increased permeability to: a. red blood cells b. plasma proteins c. inflammatory cells d. antibody complexes

b. plasma proteins

An athelete has become dehydrated during a long race in hot weather. Which of the following physiologic processes will occur in an attempt to protect the athlete's extracellular fluid volume? a. Dialation of the afferent and efferent arterioles b. Release of ADH from the posterior pituitary c. Increased water reabsoption in the ascending limb of the loop oh Henle d. Increased water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

b. release of ADH from the posterior pituitary

The edema that develops in persona with glomeruloephritis and nephrotic syndrome reflects: a. obstruction and reflux b. salt and water retention c. inability to concentrate urine d. decreased glomerular permeability

b. salt and water retention

When the glomerular transport maximum for a substance such as blood glucose is exceeded and its renal threshold had been reached, the substance will: a. reabsorb quickly b. spill into the urine c. counter-transport sodium d. attach to protein carriers

b. spill into the urine

An adult patient has been diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease. Which of the patient's following statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of this diagnosis? a. "I suppose I really should have paid more attention to my blood pressure" b. "I've always been prone to getting UTIs, and now I know why." c. "I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this" d. "I had a feeling that I was taking too many medications, and not I know the damage they can do"

c. "I suppose I should be tested to see if my children might inherit this"

A patient's most recent blood work reveals a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 36 mg/dl (normal range 8 to 25 mg/dl). Which of the following factors may have contributed to this finding? a. Increased salt intake b. Action of ADH c. Dehydration d.Parasympathetic nervous stimulation

c. Dehydration

An elderly female patient has been hospitalized for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following characteristics of the patient is most likely implicated in the etiology of her current health problem? a. The patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes several years earlier. b. The patient takes a diuretic and an ACE inhibitor each day for the treatment of hypertension. c. The patient recently had a urinary tract infection d. The patient has peripheral vascular disease

c. The patient recently had a urinary tract infection

glomerulonephritis is usually caused by: a. vesicoureteral reflux b. catheter-induced infection c. antigen-antibody complexes d. glomerular membrane viruses

c. antigen-antibody complexes

Regardless of the cause, chronic kidney disease results in progressive permenant loss of nephrons, glomerular filtration and renal: a. tubule dysplasia b. vascular pressure c. endocrine functions d. hypophosphatemia

c. endocrine funcitons

A patient had excessive blood loss and prolonged hypotension during surgery. His postoperative urine output is sharply decreased and his blood urea niitrogen (BUN) is elevated. The most likely cause for the change is acute: a. prerenal inflammation b. bladder outlet obstruction c. ischemic tubular necrosis d. intrarenal nephrotoxicity

c. ischemic tubular necrosis

The most common indicator of acute renal failure is: a. anemia b. uremia c. edema d. azotemia

d. azotemia

A patient is beginning to recover from acute tubular necrosis. The recovery phased of ATN is characterized by: a. edema b. diuresis c. proteinuria d. hypokalemia

d. diuresis

A characteristic manifestation of polycystic kidney disease is... a. massive proteinuria b. renal colic c. alkaline urine d. hypertension

d. hypertension