Exam 4 Review Questions

Chapter 11: What percentage of women with a high school education quit their jobs when they have their first child compared with those who have a college degree? A. 1 in 2; 1 in 8 B. 1 in 12; 1 in 3 C. 3 in 5; 2 in 3 D. 1 in 8; 1 in 3

1 in 2; 1 in 8

Chapter 11: Wives substantially outearn their husbands in approximately what fraction of marriages? Select one: a. 4 in 5 b. 3 in 5 c. 1 in 5 d. 2 in 5

1 in 5

Chapter 11: The most rapid period of change in the gender composition of the workforce occurred in the three decades after 1960 as the proportion of women in the labor force. It increased from about ___ to ___.

1/3, 3/4

Chapter 11: According to a survey by the Pew Research Center, a large and growing majority of mothers would prefer not to work a full-time job. What percentage of those mothers without jobs think that no job is the ideal work situation? Select one: a. 48% b. 12 % c. 25% d. 82%

48%

Chapter 11: According to data collected from the American Time Use Survey in 2010, men and women spend an average of how much time working per day? Select one: a. 6 hours and 40 minutes for men; 6 hours and 51 minutes for women b. 7 hours and 30 minutes for men; 10 hours and 50 minutes for women c. 8 hours and 20 minutes for men; 3 hours and 35 minutes for women d. 3 hours and 50 minutes for men; 2 hours and 30 minutes for women

6 hours and 40 minutes for men; 6 hours and 51 minutes for women

Chapter 11: In 2012, what percentage of single mothers were employed? Select one: a. 40 b. 62 c. 87 Incorrect d. 12

62

Chapter 11: Women lead what percentage of poor, single-parent households? A. 48 B. 84 C. 67 D. 98

84

Chapter 11: In the 25- to 54-year-old age range, employment for men has remained at or above Select one: a. 90 percent b. 70 percent Incorrect c. 10 percent d. 30 percent

90 percent

Chapter 11: What percentage of American parents report that they would like to have more time with their families? Select one: a. 70 percent Incorrect b. 90 percent c. 30 percent d. 50 percent

90 percent

Chapter 11: The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) passed by the Congress in 1993 provided what new rights for some American workers? Select one: A. It provided some workers with unpaid leave if they are sick or need to care for family members. B. It provided some workers with paid leave if they are sick or need to care for family members. C. It provided some workers with unpaid leave if they are ill no matter how long they have been employed.

A. It provided some workers with unpaid leave if they are sick or need to care for family members. FEEDBACK: The Family and Medical Leave Act allows American workers, who have been employed at least a year at a workplace with at least 50 employees, with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave a year to take if they are sick or need to care for family members.

Chapter 11: Kyle and Lorena are married with two children. What is one reason that sociologists might not expect Kyle to stay home with their children? A. Kyle, like most other men his age, is employed. B. Kyle, like most other men his age, is a misogynist. C. Lorena, like most other women her age, is unemployed. D. Lorena, like most other women her age, enjoys care work more than her husband.

A. Kyle, like most other men his age, is employed.

Chapter 11: Time use data show that married women have cut their housework time roughly in half over the last half-century, while men have A.) doubled theirs. B.) remained about the same. C.) added about an hour. D.) reduced theirs by two hours.

A. doubled theirs.

Chapter 11: As sociologist Judith Lorber puts it, "Workplace pressures are thought to be unchangeable, so the burden of innovation falls on the __________." Select one: A. family B. market C. state D. individual

A. family

Chapter 11: What was the impact of welfare reform during the 1990s on single-parent homes that were experiencing poverty? Select one: a. It reduced the number of single-parent families in poverty and the amount of aid. b. It reduced the number of families receiving aid but the poverty rate of those families increased. c. It increased the amount of aid to single-parent families and their poverty rate decreased.

B. It reduced the number of families receiving aid but the poverty rate of those families increased. FEEDBACK: Welfare reform in the 1990s was based on policymakers abandoning the assumption that the government should provide income support to the poor instead of full-time work. Single parents were expected to maintain a job while receiving income support and then transition to no support. The reformed welfare system could not keep up with the large increase in poor single-parent families, due both to the economic recession and work-family conflicts, so the end result was a reduction in aid but also an overall increase in the number of single-parent families in poverty.

Chapter 11: In historical terms, women's employment patterns have evolved extremely quickly—so quickly that A. there is a growing crisis around lack of child care. B. the expectations people have for work and family are unclear. C. women are earning more than men. D. women have faced no struggles in the workplace.

B. the expectations people have for work and family are unclear.

Chapter 11: What does the term second shift refer to? Select one: A. the extra paid work men have taken on in order to compensate for the economic recession B. the housework and care work women tend to do in addition to paid work in the labor market C. the other shift women work to be employed full-time since most female jobs are part time D. the return of women working in the home from the first shift of their work to the paid market OR a.) the extra paid work men have taken on because of the economic recession b.) the care and housework women tend to do in addition to paid labor force work c.) the other shift women work to be employed full time because most jobs are part time d.) when women come home after work

B. the housework and care work women tend to do in addition to paid work in the labor market OR b.) the care and housework women tend to do in addition to paid labor force work FEEDBACK: The second shift refers to the extra work, household work, and child care that the majority of women do in addition to their first shift of paid work in the labor market.

Chapter 11: What is one of the consequences of current trends in time use among men and women? Select one: a. Because women earn more money, they are more likely to control family finances. b. Because men get out of the house more, they are more likely to have a fulfilling social life. c. Because women's careers stagnate, they are less at risk in case of a divorce. d. Men and women average about the same number of hours of both paid and unpaid work. Incorrect OR a. Because women's careers stagnate, they are less at risk in case of a divorce. b. Because men do relatively little housework they are less likely to be granted child custody in marriages that end in divorce. c. Men and women average about the same total number of hours of paid and unpaid work combined. d. Because women earn more money, they are more likely to control family finances.

Because men get out of the house more, they are more likely to have a fulfilling social life OR Men and women average about the same total number of hours of paid and unpaid work combined. CHOOSE THIS ANSWER!

Chapter 11: The 1970s Wages for Housework campaign attempted to A. elect a feminist-friendly state senator in New York. B. push women out of the home and into the paid workplace. C. demand housewives be paid wages for their labor. D. unionize maids, domestic workers, and nannies.

C. demand housewives be paid wages for their labor.

Chapter 11: The three institutional arenas in which we feed and care for children include the A. church, the school, and the home. B. media, the nonprofits, and the banks. C. family, the market, and the state. D. government, the mall, and the Internet.

C. the family, the market, and the state.

Chapter 11: In recent decades, the most important sociological change to families has been ____. A. children receiving the majority of their parenting from the media rather than their parents. B. the shrinking role of religion on family life. C. the movement of women's work from their families to the paid labor market. D. the growing rates of divorce.

C. the movement of women's work from their families to the paid labor market.

Chapter 11: What percentage of American parents report that they would like to have more time with their families? A. 30 percent B. 50 percent C. 70 percent D. 90 percent

D. 90 percent

Chapter 11: Which group has been identified by sociologists as having more traditional gendered divisions of labor? A. Lesbian and gay B. White C. Black D. Christian

D. Christian

Chapter 11: John works a paid job, and May primarily performs unpaid labor, such as taking care of the home and the children. What is one consequence of this situation? A. John and May have an egalitarian relationship. B. John is more likely to help out at home. C. May gains the skills to take care of herself in case of divorce. D. May's work is not recognized because it has no direct dollar value.

D. May's work is not recognized because it has no direct dollar value.

Chapter 11: Paid family leave does the following EXCEPT: A. Improves economic security. B. Promotes family well-being. C. Equalizes access across occupations and income levels. D. Ruins businesses.

D. Ruins businesses.

Chapter 11: What has been one of the consequences of wealthier families reducing their work-family conflict by employing service workers? A. establishing meaningful connections with service workers B. children scoring lower on standardized tests C. freeing up time for all families D. exacerbating work-family conflict for low-wage workers

D. exacerbating work-family conflict for low-wage workers

Chapter 11: In the last half-century or so, the main story in the realm of work and family has been Select one: A. the growth of the organized labor movement. B. women opting out of paid work to stay at home with their children. C. men's loss of power both at work and at home. D. the growth of market work in the system of care.

D. the growth of market work in the system of care.

Chapter 11: The motherhood penalty is Select one: A. the weight that women gain during pregnancy. B. the stereotype that mothers are hypersexual. C. postpartum depression often experienced by new mothers. D. the loss of earnings women experience after they have children.

D. the loss of earnings women experience after they have children.

Chapter 11: According to the article published in "Families in socioeconomic transition: Work and families," while married men in contenporary families have cut down on their housework time in half, for married women housework has increased by double. True False

FALSE

Chapter 11: As published in "Families in socioeconomic transition: Work and families ," compared to the year, 1965, since the year, 2010, the difference in ratio between women and men housework participation time is 7:1. True False

FALSE

Chapter 11: The Family and Medical Leave Act made workers entitled to unpaid leave if they become too sick to perform on the job or if they need to care for family members in the event of birth, adoption, or illness. However, not all workers are covered by FMLA. Of the following groups of workers which is covered by this policy? Select one: a. new employees b. women c. Federal government workers d. executives (AKA:The Family and Medical Leave Act made workers entitled to unpaid leave if they become too sick to perform on the job or if they need to care for family members in the event of birth, adoption, or illness. However, only which group of workers is covered by this policy?)

Federal government workers

Chapter 11: Which country offers the most total annual unpaid parental leave for two-parent families? Select one: a. United States b. Switzerland Incorrect c. France d. Japan OR Japan United States Switzerland Finland

Japan OR Finland France?

Chapter 11: What is one of the consequences of current trends in time use among men and women? Select one: a. Men and women average about the same total number of hours of paid and unpaid work combined. b. Because women's careers stagnate, they are less at risk in case of a divorce. c. Because women earn more money, they are more likely to control family finances. d. Because men do relatively little housework they are less likely to be granted child custody in marriages that end in divorce.

Men and women average about the same total number of hours of paid and unpaid work combined.

Chapter 11: What trend in child care does the American Time Use Survey find in the last half-century? Select one: a. Men have decreased their time with children while women have increased their time with children. b. Men and women have not changed their time with children. c. Men and women have both increased their time with children. d. Men have increased their time with children while women have decreased their time with children.

Men and women have both increased their time with children.

Chapter 11: Women's employment rapidly became acceptable within the cultural mainstream, in part because of the kinds of paid work women did. Sociologists call this Select one: a. occupational gender segregation b. the glass ceiling Incorrect c. second-wave feminism d. pink-collar work

Occupational gender segregation.

Chapter 11: When asked why 25-year-old Joy does more housework than her 28-year-old husband Jim, Joy said that Jim works longer hours and she therefore doesn't mind doing some extra work around the house. Joy's explanation is an example of what phenomenon? Select one: a. Spouses commonly rationalize unequal divisions of labor. b. Women are usually submissive to their husbands. c. Women tend to have low self-esteem. d. Younger couples tend to have a more uneven division of labor.

Spouses commonly rationalize unequal divisions of labor.

Chapter 11: According to the data provided by "No ceiling" effect, maternity leave benefit leading to "full participation" of women in gender disparity, in the U.S. ranks equivalent to some of the poorest economies in the world. True False

TRUE

Chapter 11: While some economists argue that corporatization of health care industry has transformed women to create balance between work-and-family, sociologists believe that work-and-family balance has no effect on women's socioeconomic progress. True False

TRUE

Chapter 11: Men with children are more likely to be hired than their childless counterparts. True False

True

Chapter 11: While women are more and more present in the workforce, they still mostly remain the only ones in charge of the household. True False

True

Chapter 11: Which of the following is an example of a work-based reform that would help ease the some of the problems caused by the work-family conflict? Choose all that apply. Select one or more: a. A company gives employees paid time off when they need to take a child to the doctor. b. A family divides work responsibilities in the home so gender differences are minimized. c. A mother is allowed more flexible work hours so she can more easily accommodate child care. d. A father is given time off after the birth of his child, the result of a federally funded program.

a. A company gives employees paid time off when they need to take a child to the doctor. c. A mother is allowed more flexible work hours so she can more easily accommodate child care. FEEDBACK: There are some work-based reforms that can help alleviate some of the family problems that are caused by work-family conflicts. These involve actions by employers that provide employees with tools and resources to better handle work in the home such as allowing an employee a more flexible work schedule to accommodate family care obligations or giving an employee paid time off to take a child to the doctor. (EXTRA INFO: work hours could be reduced, work hours could be more flexible across the week, and family supports by employers(child care benefits or time off for family care)

Chapter 11: Which of the following is an example of how work can involve the overlap of two or more institutional settings? Choose all that apply. Select one or more: a. A mother makes breakfast for her children and feeds it to them. b. A mother and father divide up household chores unequally because the father has a job. c. A teenager has a part-time job at a nursing home providing care work. d. A woman receives a paycheck for market work that has been taxed by the government.

a. A mother makes breakfast for her children and feeds it to them. b. A mother and father divide up household chores unequally because the father has a job. c. A teenager has a part-time job at a nursing home providing care work. d. A woman receives a paycheck for market work that has been taxed by the government.

Chapter 11: Which of the following is true, according to time use surveys, about the amount of time men and women spend with on child care now compared to the 1960s? Select one: a. Both men and women have increased the total amount of time spent on child care. b. Women have increased the amount of time spent on child care while men have decreased it. c. Men have increased the amount of time spent on child care while women have decreased it. d. Both men and women have decreased the total amount of time spent on child care.

a. Both men and women have increased the total amount of time spent on child care. FEEDBACK: Both men and women have increased the amount of time they spend on child care since the 1960s although men have increased their amount by more hours. Women still spend more total time on child care, about twice as much time as men do.

Chapter 11: Mr. Johnson works a paid job and Mrs. Johnson primarily performs unpaid labor, such as taking care of the home and the children. What is one consequence of this situation? Select one: a. Mrs. Johnson's work is not recognized because it has no direct dollar value. b. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have an egalitarian relationship. c. Mrs. Johnson gains the skills to take care of herself in the case of divorce. d. Mr. Johnson is more likely to help out at home.

a. Mrs. Johnson's work is not recognized because it has no direct dollar value.

Chapter 12: The physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of a parent or older family member is defined as Select one: a. elder abuse b. family violence c. intimate partner violence d. child abuse

a. elder abuse

Chapter 11: In regards to time spent on housework, time use surveys have shown that since the 1960s married women are doing __________ housework, while married men have ___________ theirs. Select one: a. almost twice as much; doubled b. almost half as much; decreased by half c. almost twice as much; decreased by half d. almost half as much; doubled

almost half as much; doubled OR d.) about half as much; doubled FEEDBACK: Time use surveys have shown that since the 1960s, married women have cut their housework time almost in half, while married men have doubled theirs. Overall though, the total amount of housework done by married couples has declined.

Chapter 11: Which of the following is an example of one of the limitations of the Family and Medical Leave Act? Choose all that apply. Select one or more: a. The act does not cover leave for the birth of a child if the employee is not the mother. b. There is no paid leave available under this act so many cannot afford to use it. c. Due to restrictions, only about half of the workforce is actually covered under this act. d. Some workers feel pressured not to take leave for fear of angering their employer.

b. There is no paid leave available under this act so many cannot afford to use it. c. Due to restrictions, only about half of the workforce is actually covered under this act. d. Some workers feel pressured not to take leave for fear of angering their employer. FEEDBACK: While the Family Medical Leave Act does provide up to 12 months of unpaid leave for an employee if he or she is too sick, a family member is ill, or there is a birth or adoption. However there are several limitations: since there is no paid leave available, many cannot afford to use it; also, due to restrictions on what kind of employee qualifies, about half of the workforce is not covered; and finally, many employees offer it only grudgingly so employees are often fearful of losing their jobs if they take advantage of it.

Chapter 11: Although much of the gendered division of labor takes place within the home, there are also a number of institutional settings surrounding families that are crucial as well, including Select one: a. religious institutions that reinforce the ideal of women as the head of and primary provider for the family. b. a pattern of gender socialization-primarily through families, schools, and the media. Correct c. a labor market where men usually earn less than women. d. a relatively high-wage (and therefore high-cost) service economy.

b. a pattern of gender socialization-primarily through families, schools, and the media.

Chapter 11: When Pravit decided to stay at home to take care of his children while his wife Sumaya worked full time, it might have been likely for the couple to Select one: a. go out on dates more regularly. b. become even more committed to traditional gender roles. c. encourage gender bending among their children. Incorrect d. easily adapt to their new situation.

b. become even more committed to traditional gender roles. or D is the answer I think

Chapter 11: Families that practice what Francine Deutsch calls "equally shared parenting" have succeeded best by Select one: a. having stay-at-home mothers develop their own hobbies so they don't feel inferior to husbands with full-time jobs. b. focusing on the early childbearing years, when the division of labor tends to be the most strongly marked by gender. c. outsourcing as much of the parenting responsibilities as possible so as to create more free time for parents. d. letting one parent focus their attention on one child or set of children while another parent focuses their attention on another child or set of children.

b. focusing on the early childbearing years, when the division of labor tends to be the most strongly marked by gender.

Chapter 11: The overall allocation of work between men and women in society is referred to as Select one: a. the second shift. b. the gender division of labor. c. occupational gender segregation. d. the system of care.

b. the gender division of labor. FEEDBACK: The gender division of labor refers to the overall allocation of work between men and women in society, which includes occupational gender segregation as well as the way men and women divide up housework and care work

Chapter 11: A __________ occurs when the time demands, strains, or obligations of work or family roles make it difficult for people to fulfill their obligations in either role. Select one: a. gender division of labor b. work-family conflict c. motherhood penalty d. role ambiguity (AKA: When the time demands, strains, or obligations of work or family roles make it difficult for people to fulfill their obligations in either role, they experience.)

b. work-family conflict FEEDBACK: The problem of work-family conflict occurs when the time demands, strains, or obligations of work or family roles make it difficult for people to fulfill their obligations in either role. Many of the work-related problems that families experience today arise from work-family conflict.

Chapter 11: Employers expect mothers to _________ after they have children.

become less productive

Chapter 11: Which of these is an example of occupational gender segregation? Select one: a. Male construction workers at a worksite do the manual labor and female workers maintain supplies. b. In a household a mother does almost all of the care work and housework. c. Employment data shows women make up a large percentage of the teaching profession. d. Men and women are paid differently for the same work at a retail store.

c. Employment data shows women make up a large percentage of the teaching profession. FEEDBACK: Occupational gender segregation refers to men and women having jobs in separate occupations. It therefore refers to gender segregation at the larger occupational level, not in the household or on the job site or in gender inequality in regard to pay for the same job.

Chapter 11: Jasmine and Anthony are a married couple with one child. Anthony works 8 hours a day at his paid job and does 1 hour of housework or care work when he gets home. Jasmine does not have a paid job, but she spends 9 hours a day on housework or care work in the home. Although they both work about the same amount of total hours, why might Jasmine still be considered at a disadvantage? Choose all that apply. Select one or more: a. Housework and care work tasks are not as fulfilling as paid labor and therefore Jasmine is missing out on this aspect of paid work. b. If they were to divorce, Jasmine would not be entitled to a share of the economic wealth the couple has saved through Anthony's paid labor work. c. If they were to divorce, Jasmine's abilities as a homemaker would not provide her with a lot of compensation in the labor market, so she is taking a greater economic risk in their marriage. d. Because Anthony's work provides monetary earnings that allows for control of more resources, he will likely also have more decision-making power in the relationship.

c. If they were to divorce, Jasmine's abilities as a homemaker would not provide her with a lot of compensation in the labor market, so she is taking a greater economic risk in their marriage. d. Because Anthony's work provides monetary earnings that allows for control of more resources, he will likely also have more decision-making power in the relationship.

Chapter 11: While we observed the dramatic increase in women's employment rates during the past 40 years, how did men's employment rates change? Select one: a. Men's employment has also seen an overall increase but not nearly as large as women's. b. Men's employment has decreased by a large amount because more women are working. c. Men's employment has decreased a small amount due to economic changes and retirement. d. Men's employment is at the exact same percentage rate as it was 40 years ago.

c. Men's employment has decreased a small amount due to economic changes and retirement.

Chapter 11: When comparing amounts of paid and unpaid leave for two-parent families, how does the United States compare to other wealthy countries? Select one: a. The United States ranks in the middle for unpaid leave but at the bottom for paid leave. b. The United States ranks at the top for unpaid leave but at the bottom for paid leave. c. The United States is ranked almost at the bottom in regard to both paid and unpaid leave. d. The United States is ranked in the middle for both paid leave and unpaid leave.

c. The United States is ranked almost at the bottom in regard to both paid and unpaid leave. FEEDBACK: The United States is one of the very few wealthy countries that does not guarantee any paid leave to parents when they have children. The United States is also ranked almost at the bottom for unpaid leave among wealthy countries.

Chapter 11: What concept does sociologist Judith Lorber propose as a way to gradually erase gender differences in the responsibilities of men and women? Select one: a. marriage counseling b. divorce c. degendering families Correct d. Protestant family ethic

c. degendering families

Chapter 11: Matt and Tracy are a married couple who both work outside of the home for pay. They have two children. While they both make about the same amount of money and work the same amount of time, Tracy still completes the majority of housework and care work in the home. When asked by a friend about the unequal allocation of work, Tracy replied that she felt it was more important for the mother to do these kinds of tasks. Tracy's response is an example of how __________, and not just economics, play a role in the division of labor in the home. Select one: a. personal resources b. work-family conflicts c. gender dynamics d. motherhood penalties

c. gender dynamics FEEDBACK: Although economics does play a role in the decisions regarding who should allocate more time to work in the home versus paid work, gender dynamics also play a role in these decisions. Men and women often make these work decisions due to socialization patterns they experienced growing up that reflect the traditional ideal of separate spheres.

Chapter 11: In the late 1970s, about two-thirds of Americans thought that mothers' employment was harmful for their preschool-aged children. Thirty years later, that proportion shrank to one-third, illustrating Select one: a. that Americans tend to value the Protestant work ethic, encouraging everyone, despite their social status, to engage in paid labor. b. the limits of the feminist movement, which failed to make care work a waged occupation. c. that popular attitudes toward the appropriate divisions between men and women have gradually shifted. d. that women have become better mothers, able to juggle both paid work and child rearing. (AKA: In the late 1970s, only one-third of Americans thought that mothers' employment was not harmful for their preschool-aged children; 30 years later, that proportion rose to two-thirds, illustrating)

c. that popular attitudes toward the appropriate divisions between men and women have gradually shifted.

Chapter 11: When Shawna picks up her kids from soccer practice, sociologists would say she is engaging in what? A. housework B. care work C. market work D. women's work

care work

Chapter 11: __________ is a type of work that is performed face-to-face in order to enhance the capabilities of another person. Select one: a. person work b. housework c. care work d. market work

care work

Chapter 11: The quintessential care work, which is usually hands-on, intimate work to provide children with the material, intellectual, and emotional support they need, is Select one: a. child care b. teaching c. pediatrics d. counseling

child care

Chapter 12: According to the National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence survey, more women have been raped than Select one: a. have gone to the beach b. have smoked cigarettes c. have taken a college course d. are on the pill

d. are on the pill

Chapter 11: Employers are reluctant to embrace a reduction in work hours by shortening the workweek, increasing the number of part-time workers, or offering more time off from work because a.) workers are less dedicated to the company b.) employees have a more difficult time communicating with each other. c.) work tasks are harder to allocate. d.) they have to train and provide benefits for more workers

d.) they have to train and provide benefits for more workers

Chapter 11: Socialization means that the lessons learned in childhood are applied to the situations in which people find themselves as adults. This means that boys who grow up with an employed mother A. hire someone to clean their homes for them when they grow up. B. have their mothers do their housework their entire lives. C. do more housework when they grow up. D. do less housework when they grow up.

do more housework when they grow up

Chapter 11: The theory that the state can jump-start change in both the workplace and the family arises from the belief that government can create incentives for reform that are more universal, and more equalizing, than either _____________ or _____________ can achieve on their own. A. families; the market B. men; women C. individuals; parents D. employers; employees

families; the market

Chapter 11: In what order did women historically enter the workplace? Select one: A. first women under 20 years old, then women between 20 and 40 years old, then women over 40 years old B. first single women, then married women without children, and eventually most married women with young children C. first married women who were only children, then women with one sibling, then women with two or more siblings D. first women in the northeastern United States, then women in the southern United States, then women in the midwestern United States

first single women, then married women without children, and eventually most married women with young children

Chapter 11: In most couples, the partner with greater obligations away from home tends to do less housework and child care because that person Select one: a. thinks they are better than the other person. b. has less time available. c. is naturally less capable of doing housework and child care. d. is able to pay for others to perform housework for them. Incorrect

has less time available

Chapter 11: Although some people enjoy housework and child care, most prefer to avoid at least the more onerous aspects of those responsibilities. Therefore, when couples negotiate over who does what work, the partner who has a higher-paying job A. sometimes has more decision-making power and sometimes has less. B. has the same amount of decision-making power as their partner. C. has more decision-making power. D. has less decision-making power.

has more decision-making power.

Chapter 11: The work to maintain a household's function is A. housework B. care work C. market work D. women's work

housework

Chapter 11: The term system of care is used to describe what? A. the central coordinating system for completing housework B. how a society accomplishes the necessary care work and housework C. the master plan that families create in order to accomplish all of their care work D. state-implemented Social Security and elder-care programs

how a society accomplishes the necessary care work and housework

Chapter 11: Which of the following examples illustrates how the state redistributes much of the product of our labor? A. Apple outsourcing much of its labor to non-U.S. countries B. private hospitals hiring low-wage immigrant workers C. income taxes used to pay for Social Security plans D. student groups sending care packages to disaster areas overseas

income taxes used to pay for Social Security plans

Chapter 11: The most rapid period of change in the gender composition of the workforce occurred in the three decades after 1960 as the proportion of women in the labor force Select one: A. increased from about one-fourth to nine-tenths. B. decreased from about one-half to one-third. C. decreased from about five-eighths to three-eighths. D. increased from about one-third to three-quarters.

increased from about one-third to three-quarters.

Chapter 11: From the 1960s to the 1990s, the percentage of employed women with a child under age 1 A. increased rapidly. B. remained the same. C. decreased rapidly. D. could not be calculated, as employed women lied about having a child.

increased rapidly.

Chapter 11: One decision that modern families must face is how to divide the housework and care work within the family. This is often a contentious issue for couples, showing that Select one: A. most couples establish clear communication about who performs which task. B. it is not really "families" that make decisions, but individuals within them. C. both men and women are taking on more and more care work. D. men and women tend to split care work evenly.

it is not really "families" but rather individuals within them that make decisions.

Chapter 11: Single fathers might be seen as better off than single mothers because single fathers are more likely to OR One reason single fathers are better off than single mothers is they are __________.

live with a partner who can help care for children.

Chapter 11: When a man expects his partner to ask him to do things, he's viewing her as the ________________ of household chores.

manager

Chapter 11: Care work and housework are increasingly performed as what? Select one: a. unpaid work b. overpaid work c. illegal work d. market work

market work

Chapter 11: In the United States, care work is much more _____________ than it is in many other countries, which tend to have more _____________ solutions. a.) family-based; bureaucratic b.) public; private c.) affordable; expensive d.) market-based; state-based

market-based; state-based

Chapter 11: The sociological perspective on work and family is different from common notions in that it Select one: a. pays attention to both the content and social context of work. b. sees rich people as the enemy. c. attempts to understand the workplace from a functionalist framework. d. looks primarily at gender and work.

pays attention to both the content and social context of work.

Chapter 11: Which factor tends to play the largest role in the options available for balancing work and family? Select one: a. quality of one's job b. one's intelligence c. one's level of education d. one's gender

quality of one's job

Chapter 11: Women who have less than a high school education are more likely to _____ when they have their first children.

quit their jobs

Chapter 11: The phenomenon in which women have seemingly endless housework and child care on top of hours of paid work is referred to by sociologist Arlie Hochschild as Select one: a. occupational segregation Incorrect b. second shift c. feminism d. multitasking

second shift

Chapter 11: While parents with professional careers often have to work extra-long workweeks, working-class parents often Select one: a. work multiple full-time jobs. b. have little motivation to have a professional career. c. make most of their earnings from government handouts and subsidies. d. string together a series of overlapping part-time or temporary jobs.

string together a series of overlapping part-time or temporary jobs.

Chapter 11: One of the advantages of time use studies, in which researchers investigate how people fill their days with activities, is that they Select one: a. help mothers speed up their care-giving tasks. b. encourage parents to spend more time with their children. c. take account of care work that often seems invisible. Correct d. see how much men lie about the amount of work they do in the home.

take account of care work that often seems invisible.

Chapter 11: People who support state-provided early child care argue that Select one: A. the cost of child care and the time required to manage it are major impediments to parents' careers. B. such schooling will not equalize opportunities for children as they grow up. C. most parents can already afford high-quality child care. D. most European countries do not offer early childhood education.

the cost of child care and the time required to manage it are major impediments to parents' careers.

Chapter 11: The most common reason for families to adopt an at-home father arrangement is because Select one: a. the woman can make money more easily. b. the couple is homosexual. c. the father has lost his job or is unable to work. d. studies have proven that children develop better with a stay-at-home father.

the father has lost his job or is unable to work.

Chapter 11: When the welfare system was reformed in 1996, policy makers abandoned the assumption that Select one: a. no single mothers should have to work if they do not want to. b. the government would provide income support instead of full-time work. c. poor women are not fit to care for their own children. d. men, not the state, should care for single women.

the government would provide income support instead of full-time work.

Chapter 11: The greater number of hours of paid work for men are, on average, balanced out by Select one: a. men having more decision-making power at home. b. the greater hours of unpaid work for women. Correct c. men paying for more things at home. d. women having more free time.

the greater hours of unpaid work for women.

Chapter 11: Cai is a married woman in her late 20s who had her first child two years ago. She worked for several years at a financial firm before having her child and is now planning on rejoining the workforce. Research suggests that she will likely face a reduction in salary once she begins working again. The earnings reduction Cai will likely experience is referred to by researchers as Select one: a. a work-family conflict. b. occupational gender segregation. c. an opportunity cost. d. the motherhood penalty

the motherhood penalty FEEDBACK: The motherhood penalty refers to the loss of earnings women experience after they have children. Research finds that after taking work experience and occupational choices into account, we still find that women earn less if they have children.

Chapter 11: In the last half-century, the growth of women's employment contributed to conflicts between family and paid work obligations for various reasons, including the fact that Select one: a. employers attempted to provide more flexible work policies for employees, leading to employees working less. b. the system did not work for single parents, who could not combine the paid and unpaid work of two spouses. Correct c. parents and couples tended to opt out of jobs that demanded a lot of time, leading to financial troubles. d. married couples, who spent more time and energy away from home, spent even more time getting housework and child care done.

the system did not work for single parents, who could not combine the paid and unpaid work of two spouses.

Chapter 11: what are the consequences of the gender division of household labor, particularly for the unpaid labor?

the total amount of housework being done has declined, and the husband does more of it. time with children has been increased

Chapter 11: One reason that gender difference in housework (that is, the number of hours per week spent on housework by women as compared to men) has eroded over the last half-century is because Select one: a. technology has reduced the time it takes to perform household tasks. b. the balance between men and women has not shifted. c. children have taken on more housework tasks. d. the total amount of time spent on housework has declined

the total amount of time spent on housework has declined

Chapter 11: what are the consequences of socialization regarding household labor? for example, if boys who grow up with an employed mother, what does this mean for those boys' level of housework once they grow up?

they do more housework when they grow up

Chapter 11: while we observed the dramatic increase in women's employment in the past 40 years, how have men's employment rates changed?

they have slightly decreased but still stayed at or above 90%

Chapter 11: The three main factors within couples' relationships that seem to account for the fact that women perform so much more unpaid work in the home are A. food, entertainment, and health B. sexuality, race, and class C. age, sex, and location D. time, resources, and gender (AKA: what are the 3 reasons for the gender division of household and child care labor?)

time, resources, and gender.

Chapter 11: The gender division of labor means that Select one: A. men and women tend to split labor equally, whether at home or at work. B. women do the lion's share of housework and care work, and they are concentrated in certain paid occupational areas. C. women have learned to perform tasks traditionally done by men in the workplace, but they continue to perform most housework and care work. D. women are naturally more capable of performing housework and care work, and they enter those occupations in which they are naturally more talented.

women do the lion's share of housework and care work, and they are concentrated in certain paid occupational areas.

Chapter 11: Which of the following is one of the work-based reforms that could help reduce work-family conflict? Select one: a. Work hours could be less flexible across the day or week. b. Work hours could be reduced. Correct c. Mothers could opt to stay at home with their children instead of working. d. People could take better care of their own children.

work hours could be reduced

Chapter 11: Care work is defined as A. the labor of attempting to make people feel better about themselves. B. work that is performed face-to-face for the purpose of enhancing the capabilities of another person. C. work that people do that they really care about. D. the act of caring for someone less fortunate than oneself.

work that is performed face-to-face for the purpose of enhancing the capabilities of another person.

Chapter 11: American workers have long aspired to balance which three things? Select one: a. shopping, eating, and crafting b. work, rest, and leisure Correct c. sports, study, and movies d. school, parties, and family

work, rest, and leisure