Exam 4

House Bill 965 Article 6 of Chapter 4 of Title 25

* law enforcement can dispense opioid antagonist to a person suspected of experiencing an opiate related overdose and it protects from criminal or civil liability for administering an opioid antagonist

Stats on prisoner escapes

-309 escapes reported annually -84% escaped from the back seat of a caged vehicle -12% of the officers were injured; 1% were killed

Sudden death v. sudden in custody death

a cardio respiratory collapse within one hour of symptoms sudden in-custody death- as any unintentional death that occurs while the subject is in custody

Addiction

a chronic relapsing disease characterized by compulsive, often uncontrollable, drug seeking and use in the face of negative consequecnces

Addiction

a condition that results when a person ingests a substance or engages in activity (gambling, sex, shopping) that can be pleasurable but the continuation of which becomes compulsive and interferes with ordinary responsibilities and concerns (work, relationships, health). People who have developed an addiction may not be aware that their behavior is out of control and causing problems for themselves and others

Tolerance

a condition where the use of a drug has caused the body to require more than a normal dose to provide its relieving effects. Simply put: it takes more to get the same feeling or high

Mood disorders

mood changes that exceed the usual states in their depth and persistence -ecstasy to deep depression, self destructive behaviors, eating & sleeping disturbances, and impaired social functioning

Illicit drug

more individuals within the population have used an illicit drug in the past month than in 2002 -most common illicit drug is marijuana

What to do in hostage situations?

first officer on scene must follow these if no other officers are around 1) act quickly and establish control of situation and ensure the safety of bystanders and responding officers. contact law enforcement directly, notify chief, request ambulance and fire and rescue if necessary, evacuate injured person/bystanders 2) officer will relinquish control of incident to law enforcement when they arrive 3)if requested officers will remain on the scene, notify chain-of-command, a work unit supervisor will come to scene and determine if the officer will assume in incident * officers need body armor, servce weapon, spare mags, oc spray, badge and credentials, taser, communcation equipment, pen and paper, appropriate clothing * what to do after: secure witness identification information (do not question), prepare detailed report for the chief, be prepared for investigative interviews, refer all media requests to the director of public information

Security threat groups (STGs)

formal or informal offender groups, gangs, organizations or associations consisting of members who have: 1) a common name, or common identifying signs, colors, or symbols 2) members or associates who individually or collectively engage in or have engaged in a pattern of gang activity, criminal activity or departmental policy violation 3) the potential to act in concert to pose a threat to the public, staff, visitors, offenders, or the secure and orderly operation of the facility *this term was originated to identify groups of individuals that have demonstrated that they can pose a threat to prison security and/or public safety

Fruits

fruit or fruit juice -one cup of fruit or a half cup of dried fruit is considered a cup of fruit -how much fruit a person needs depends on their age, gender, and level of activity. -people who are more active should eat more fruit

Healthy diet

fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fast milk and milk products. -lean meats, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts and is low in saturated fats, trans-fats, cholesterol, salt and added sugars

ASD behaviors

impaired sense of danger ( wandering to bodies of water, traffic, or other dangers) -sensory perception (lights, sirens, canine partners, odors) -escalating repetitive behaviors such as pacing, spinning, rocking, finger flicking, hand flapping, screaming, self-hitting, twirling hands or objects.

Reentry partnership housing (RPH)

in order to get RPH "problem residence inmates" (inmates who have reached their tentative parole month (TPM) but do not have a valid residence) must have a clean disciplinary record, no pending charges, and no severe mental health issues (Funds the offenders for three months- $600 a month/ $675 for offenders with moderate mental illnesses) -Limitations include: 1) registrable sex offenders are NOT eligible for funding 2) mental health level 4 and above are NOT eligible, and 3) max-outs (no parole or probation upon release) are NOT eligible

DCS housing programs

in portal go to "sites", "reentry partners", DCS, housing programs or menu, reentry resources, housing programs

mental disorders

involve changes in thinking, mood, and/or behavior. Can affect how we relate to others and make choice. -some disorders are rooted in deep levels of anxiety, extreme changes in mood, or reduced ability to focus or behave appropriately. Other involve unwanted, intrusive thoughts and some may result in auditory and visual hallucinations or false beliefs about basic aspects of reality. -formal treatment is needed when a reduction in a person's ability to function as a result of their disorder

Attitude (effects how we act)

is a behavior with an emotion attached to it

Mood disorder: personality disorders

long-standing patterns of thinking and acting that differ from what society considers normal. -they have poor coping skills and difficulty forming healthy relationships -psychological disordered marked by inflexible, disruptive, and enduring behavior patterns that impair social and other functioning whether the sufferer recognized that or not (severe cases include psychopathy and sociopathy) -borderline personality disorder, narcissism, antisocial personality disorder (lack of conscious for wrong doing) -ego-dystonic- people who have disorder and are aware they have a problem and tend to be distressed by their symptoms (bipolar or anxiety) -ego syntoic- the person experiencing symptoms doesn't necessarily think they have a problem (personality disorder)

report writing

main mission is to communicate to another party - state facts but are not term papers and tell a story, but are not books -serve as a official memory of the department

Effects of domestic violence on victims

short term- low-self esteem, lose passion to pursue their dreams and goals, withdraw, isolate, trouble sleeping, agression, may neglect themselves/children/pets, long term- headaches, stomach aches, issues with menstrual cycle/fertility, physical health issues, scars and bruises that wouldnt go away, depression, PTSD, and anxiety

Level two negative behaviors exhibited by offenders

significant or repeated electronic monitoring curfew violation, DRC vilations, sex offender violations, abscond, etc corrective actions for officers to take that are appropriate- delinquent report that covers the events/behaviors with recommendations ranging from a referral to a detention center, RSAT, revocation; and request a warrant

ineffective coping skills

smoking, drinking excessively, overeating, or under eating, withdrawing from friends, family and activites, using pills, drugs to relax, sleeping excessiely, procrastinating on tasks, staking a busy schedule to avoid down time, and lashing out on others (physical violence)

Vegetable

subgroups of vegetable are dark green, starchy, red and orange, beans and peas. -similar to fruits the amount of consumption depends on age, gender and level of activity (weekly consumption) -

Depressants

substance that depresses the activity of the central nervous system -they slow down the body's functions and are either sedative (tranquilizing) or hypnotic (sleep producing) -benzodiazepines (anti-anxiety mediciation) and alcohol are the two most common depressants -these depressants bind to GABA sites in the brain and enhance the effects of GABA, a naturally occuring chemical in the brain that reduces the stimulating activity of the brain -Xanax is the most commonly abused drug in this class

Substance use and crime

substance use is implicated in at least three types of drug related offenses: 1) offenses defined by drug possession or sales 2) offenses directly related to substance use (stealing to get money for drugs) 3) offenses related to a lifestyle that predisposes the substance user to engage in illegal activity (association with other offenders or with illicit markets) -it is common for many offenses, even violent offenses, to be committed by someone who had used drugs or alcohol prior to committing the crime or were using at the time of the offense

The social learning theory

suggests that many of our behaviors, reactions, and reasoning skills are grounded in our life experiences, and filtered by our perceptions and beliefs. -a persons thoughts are based on what they believe their world to be (criminals often possess traits of self centered beliefs, lack of responsibility, lack of interest, low frustration tolerance, power and control mindset, deception, us vs. them) -people base their beliefs around their opinions, actions, judgements, and expectations of themselves and others on beliefs. (its hard to change beliefs because people cling onto them)

Blood v Crips

- Bloods: color red, number 5 (5 point star or crown); loosely affiliated with people nation - Crips: color blue, number 6 (six point star aka star of David); have an alliance with the folk nation (called 8-ball alliance, a broken 8-ball would mean disagreement) *crips were around before bloods, bloods started as multiple neighborhood gangs that formed to protect themselves, when crips were killing them the neighborhoods came together and formed the bloods

Distinguishing factors of a gang

- a gang will have an organized leadership with a clear chain of command (most gangs are well organized with a recognized although not always detectable leadership) -the members of a gang remain unified through good times and bad (will become more unified during conflict, stress, or threats) - the members demonstrate unity in obvious recognizable ways (hand signs, tattoos, nicknames, graffiti) - the members engage in activities that are criminal or threatening

Top causes of death in mean and women

- cardiovascular heart disease and cancer -the two above can be reduced through positive lifestyle changes -risk factors for heart disease: smoking, high sholesterol, uncontrolled hypertension, physical inactivity, obesity, uncontrolled disbetes, and uncontrolled stress -risk factors for cancer- smoking, poor diet lacking plant based foods, sedentary lifestyle, excessive weight, and excessive alcohol consumption (mouth, esophagus and liver cancer)

Human behavior is driven by

- how a person thinks and what their motivations are

There are typically two paths gang members take to become entangled in gang membership

- joining in the free world- to enhance stature, gain entry into profiting from illegal acts, for protection and acceptance - joining on the inside- other members join while in jail/prison in order to have protection from other inmates and for increased access to contraband (these members may not continue to associate with the gang after getting out)

Recent court decisions regarding sudden ICDs Gutierrez v. City of San Antonio 1998

- officers arrested a man and hog-tied him and placed him in the back of the patrol car, the suspect later died on-route to the hospital. The officers failed to monitor him on the way to the hospital. They cited the same study about restrained that the Cruz court case mentioned. -MONITOR your offender in custody

Types of arrest (office arrests)

- preferred location for arrests due to increased officer safety -should be done as privately as possible -arrest requires 2 post certified peace officers unless emergency circumstances dictate otherwise

Police Powers card

- provide assistance to other law enforcement officers -prevent death or great bodily injury to any person -prevent the commission of a forcible felony -further the arrest and prosecution of felony offenses

Types of security threat groups

- street gangs - domestic terrorists - international terrorists - members of organized crime - prison gangs - religious cults (once they violate laws, rules, or regulations)

Successful Schizophrenic individual

- successful schizophrenic individuals exist and they live a productive life -"normal" individuals may have this negative perception of schizophrenic individuals because they 1) had a personal experience with someone who is not doing well 2) working with people who are not marginally successful

Indicators for abuse

- there is evidence that individuals are taking the drug or substance in amount sufficient to create a hazard to their health or to the safety of others or to the community -there is significant diversion of the drug or substance from legitimate drug channels -individuals are taking the drug on their own initiative rather than on the basis of medial advice from a practitioner licensed by law -the drug is a new drug related in its action to a drug or substance already listed as have potential for abuse

Smaller OMGs that help distribute drugs (near main interstates)

-Boozefighters- chapter 103 -Hells Lover -Iron Order GA- atlanta, cartersville, marietta, jesup, villa rica, brunswick, stateboro, valdosta, savannah -Outcast- atlanta and hawkinville -Outlaws/Black Pistons- atlanta, daton, macon, brunswick and savannah -Phantom Outlaw -Renegades-canton and dalton -Sin City Disciples- lithonia -Thunderguards- lithonia -Warlocks- cartersville and jasper

Evidence seized

-CSO should documented and store or turned over to law enforcement authorities and made in the Inventory of items confiscated log.

Street names for commonly prescribed and overdosed drugs

-Codeine= captain cody, school boy -morphine- M, miss emma, monkey, white stuff -methadone- fizzies, amidone -fentanyl and analogs- apache, china girl, dance fever, friend, jackpot, murder, TNT, Tango -oxycodone- juice, smack, D, footballs, dillies -Meperidine- buscuits, blue heaven, blues, Mrs. O, octagons, stop signs Propoxyphene- demmies, pain killer

Types of property seized

-Contraband- any illegal material or material the offender should not have based on his or her status -Evidence- items which can be used as evidence in a criminal prosecution or revocation hearings. CSO can seize items but law enforcement is better equipped to take possession of this property (can assist when the case is prosecuted) -items on person- items found on the offender (money, phone, jewelry, keys, etc.)

Resources

-Georgia association of community service boards (CSB)- the safety net for mental health, developmental disability and substance use disorder services management and delivery in GA's communities -Georgia and crisis access line (GCAL)- available 24/7, officers should use it for offenders who are NOT already receiving mental health services if they are unable to contact their area's core providers -Departent of behavioral health and developmental disabilities (DBHDD)- continuum of care to support Georgians with behavioral health challenges, and intellectual and developmental disabilities in a dynamic health care environment. Officers can find resources through them -SSI/SSDI outrach, access, and recovery (SOAR)- apply to get benefits for transportation, housing, physical and behavioral health treatment co-payments, etc. -Georgia mental health consumer network- peer recovery support is essential for long-term recovery (this lists additional key recovery resources) -Certified peer specialist project- GA was the first to implement peer specialists as mental health providers (providing peer support). -Double trouble in recovery- a 12 step fellowship where men and women share their experiences, strength and hope with each other so that they may solve their common problems and help others recover from their particular addictions and mental health problems.

Top OMGs (aka 1%ers) in the Nation (there are four main ones)

-Hells Angels (#1 of main four)- largest motorcycle gang in the world. sell drugs in order to support their club -Mongols- Hispanic vietnam veterans who were denied access into hells angels because of their race (which makes them their biggest rivals); sells drugs and involved in many assaults, theft, loan sharking and murder -Pagans- violent OMG in the mid-atlantic region; selling drugs and assaults, arson, bombing, gun running, prostitution, murder for hire -Outlaws (#2 in main four)- dominant in the great lakes, they are considered one of the more dangerous of all OMGs and has ties with white supremacy groups; sells drugs, assault, arson, fraud, extortion, gun running, prostitution, money laundering, robbery, murder -Bandidos (#3 in main four); sells drugs, murder, extortion, gun running, and witness tampering -Vagos (aka green nation)- active in the southwest and pacific regions and also in northern Mexico; selling drugs, insurance fraud, assault, murder, money laudering, vehicle theft, witness intimidation, gun running -The Pennsylvania Warlocks/Florida Warlocks (two seperate gangs)- both formed by war veterans; white only gangs; sell of drugs, burglary, kidnapping, and gun running

Cocaine anonymous

-It is a 12 step organization for men and women who have the desire to stop using cocaine and other mind altering substances -

Benefits of healthy (exercise and nutrition) lifestyle

-Maintaining good energy level- eating healthy snacks and meals provides for level blood sugar, sometimes food consumes drains the body of needed energy as blood sugar changes causes the "crash", exercise for 30 minutes will contribute to release of serotonin (natural mood stabilizer) -Weight control- reduction in calories and burning energy (eating nutrient-dense, low calorie foods is the key to feel full and physical activity (take the stairs and parking further away and exercise) -Improving overall health- regular exercise may improve or help prevent heart disease, stroke, diabetes, depression, etc. Creating a diet and exercise plan is a good start but consult doctor if you have medical issue or take medications -Confidence- self esteem can have a profound affect on performance, how someone feels about themselves plays a role in how they perform and leads to more positive relationships, person feels in control of themselves and confident this confidence allows them to be more open to learning and feedback, can master new skills. Adequate sleep- 30 minute daily vigorous workout and good diet help with a sound night sleep. Getting good sleep helps improve mental sharpness and sustained energy levels. Avoid distractions such as electronics

Common stressors

-Money -family and friends (juggling home life) -life changes (marriage, pregnancies, divorce, and death) -work (people become stressed at work when they are unable to meet demands, are overworked, and become bored with the job); dont want to get fired so they dont speak up about stress

Appearance of a cocaine use & indicators of use

-a cocaine user may have an unkempt appearance, a runny nose, dilated pupils, tremors, paranoia, frequent mood swings -razor blades, crack pipes, copper scouring pads, soda cans with small holes/burns, straws or glass tubes for snorting, small metal spoons, power residue on tables

Main cues to ICD "NOT A CRIME"

-Naked-stripped off clothing/profuse sweating -Object-violence -Tough-very strong, endless endurance, diminished pain sensitivity -Acute onset (you snapped) -Confused-may be unsure where they are -Resistance-refuses to follow commands/stop behavior -Incoherent speech -Mental Health issues (off meds or self medicating) -Early EMS request

Potential variables for in-custody death (excited delirium/agitated delirium)

-Negative choices- negative lifestyle choices by subjects also greatly raise the risk of the sudden in-custody deaths -excited delirium is a condition caused by chronic stimulant use and abuse (crazy, bizarre, violent behavior). The media and society often lack to put individual responsibility and accountability for their personal negative choices in life, they blame others for that individual's poor, long-term, and often illegal person choices

12 step fellowship meeting types

-Open meetings- group members describe pattern of drinking, its impact, finding AA. Open to family, friends and interested individuals Closed meetings- open to alcoholics/addicts only. consists of group discussions where members may ask questions, share thought, address problems Big Book and Step Study Meetings- focus is on expanding undertading the big book and the 12 steps

Types of domestic violence

-Physical abuse- any non-accidental use of force that results in bodily injury, pain, or impairment (slapping, burning, etc.). This is the MOST APPARENT form of domestic violence. No physical evidence doesnt mean it isnt physical abuse -Sexual abuse-motivated by a need to control, humiliate and harm. Also is forced or coerced sexual contact without consent (clear yes not the absence of no). Ex. rape, incest, child sexual abuse, oral sex, etc. ** controlling the victim's decision concerning giving birth, not allowing/forcing a victim to get an abortion, etc. IS SEXUAL ABUSE! -emotional abuse- act including confinement, isolation, verbal assault, humiliation, intimidation, or any other treatment which diminishes identity, dignity, and self worth (this is not detected as easily because partner might be seen as "concerned" rather than abusive) (not letting them go out with friends, not go to work or school , etc.) -psychological abuse- involves trauma to the victim caused by verbal abuse, acts, threats of acts, or coercive tactics. (often used along with physical and/or sexual abuse and is used to control victim of what they can and cannot do) (demeaning, stalking, isolating, undermining, convincing victim they are crazy) * 95% of men that physically abuse their intimate partners also psychologically abuse them -financial abuse- least detected, can be denial of money, education and career; rely on the abuser for all financial obligations;

Indicators of a high risk individual for a sudden ICD

-Predisposing factors- large belly (may indicate alcohol use), health issues (coronary atherosclerosis, myocarditis, fibrotic heart, etc.), under the influence of drugs of alcohol, weather is hot/humid, has head injury -Physical characteristics- dilated pupils, high body temperature-hypothermia, sweating profusely, skin discoloration -behavioral cues - (easiest and safest for officers to identity out of the three), intense unreasonable paranoia, extremely agitated, violent/bizarre behavior, violent towards objects, running wildly, screaming, pressured incoherent speech, naked or stripped clothing, psychotic in appearance, disoriented, superhuman strength, diminished sense of pain, hallucinations, violently resists control, says I can't breathe after being subdoed, person makes you feel uncomfortable,

Characteristics of diversity

-Primary diversity (considered uncontrollable/biological characteristics)= those core dimensions that are the most powerful and long term differences, and usually influence a person throughout their life (age, ethnicity, gender, physical abilities/qualities, race, and sexual orientation) -Secondary diversity (we can change these)= differences that are acquired later in life and can be discarded or modified based on life experience. (educational background, income, marital status, work experience, military experience, religion, and geographic location)

Contemporary theories regarding sudden in-custody deaths

-Psychological theories- upon notice of the collapse or death of a close friend, during a sustained period of severe grief, when threatened with the loss of a close friend, when mourning the passing of a friend or upon the anniversary of the person's death, when the individual has lost status or self esteem, when percieved danger has ended, and myocardial stunning due to emotional stress (more in females) -Paramacological theories (focus on cocaine, methamphetamine, PCP, other stimulants/medications- there is no safe dose of cocaine, stimulants affect dopamine clearance in the brain (can lead to hyperthermia), chronic drug user are higher risk of sudden ICD, people experiencing excited delirium demonstrate violent behavior/have history of heavy use and binging, difference between cocaine od v. cocaine induced excited delirium -Physiological theories (focuses on the physical status of the subject and the condition of the subject's environment) 1) metablic acidosis- focuses on stimulant use, stimulant use restricts the blood vessels and when fighting the body produces lactate (can lead to cardiac arrest) 2) cardiomyopathy- focuses on genetics and poor lifestyle choices (anyone who has cardiomyopathy their heart doesnt recover quickly after exercising can be a predictor of sudden death) 3) environmental- drop in barometic pressure was the primary suspect in the causation of heart attacks during the shoveling of snow, not the strain of shoveling the snow. People who resist officer arrest during a drop in barometic pressure could affect the heart leading to ICD

Schizoaffective disorder, Paranoid Schizopheria, and undifferentiated schizophrenia

-Schizoaffective disorder- a psychotic disorder which has the primary symptoms of schizophrenia and major depressive, manic, or mixed episode -paranoid schizophrenia- preoccupation with persecutory or grandiose delusions and hallucinations. Delusions may be those involving religion, jealousy, etc. undifferentiated schizophrenia- mixture of symptoms that don't represent the other types. Flat or disturbed affect - inappropriate smiling, laughing, facial expressions, and mood - depression, anxiety, anger, etc.

Mood disorders: major depression

-a constant sense of hopelessness, and despair. -lost of interest in activities and relationships (symptoms are present every day for at least 2 weeks) -it is difficult to work, study, sleep, eat, and enjoy friends and activities. -can occur in generations of families, and even families that have no history of the illness -other symptoms: fatigue or loss of energy almost everyday, feelings of worthlessness or guilt almost every day, impaired concentration, indecisiveness, insomnia or hypersomnia

Types of reasonable searches

-Search when entering a DCS office- security wand, metal detector, or given a pat down search of high risk areas; this is done for officer safety, if they deny the search tell them to leave, Security/Search notice should be placed in a clearly conspicuous area of the building -Warrantless searches (probation)- probation officers can search persons, residences, vehicles, etc. without search warrant when a waiver of offender's 4th amendment righs is contained in the sentencing court's original sentence or modification orders (reasonable suspicion exists); if offender refuses to be searched it is a technical violation of probation and a search warrant would be needed to move forward with search -Warrantless searches (parole)- similar to probation; parole officer can search individual if they have reasonable suspicion. ex. lost job, information recieved from family member about drug use, positive urine screen, etc.; be respectful of property/person returning it to pre-search state -search warrant- can search if have a search warrant and sworn staff may assist other law enforcement agencies -Search incident to arrest- can be done by sworn staff when making an arrest (done for officer safety, prevent offender from escapng, and discover or seize contraband); officer can search the person, area within immediate control (place where offender may possess weapon/destroy evidence) -Terry Frisk- stop and frisk if officer believes offender committed, is committing, or is about to commit a violation of their conditions of supervision or a new crime. only need reasonable suspicion (officers appearance and actions, officers knowledge of offenders history, officer's training and experience); only looking for weapons, contraband or dangerous intruments -Consent search- offender gives consent to be searched; if consent is not given staff should remain on scene until a search warrant is granted

Parole Delinquent reports

-Section one- Custody Status- arrest date/jail location, date of arrest/location, custody state in custody, custody status -Section two- comprehensive summary of supervision: date of subject's release from prison, offense for which subject is on parole, current risk score, the special conditions and the outcome, number of drug screens since release and if there were any positives, number of arrests during this supervision period, number of residences since release/current employment status -Section 3- Comprehensive summary of CURRENT violations- look at and formally list all violations and charges in certain format) -Section 4- release conditions violated (properly formatted)- attach new violations for DOM, make sure conditions are listed (count 1, condition, ...) -Section 5- recommendation for next course of action- state what the purpose of the DR was, if the DR was to report that the subject signed a waiver of final hearing then simply state that you are requesting the revocation be processed based on the violations on the waiver ** record check must be completed within 7 days of DR being reviewed by the DOM

Neurodevelopment disorders- intellectual developmental disability

-This disorder is considered CHRONIC and often co-occurs with other mental conditions like depression, attention/deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder -intellectual developmental disorder replaces "mental retardation" - autism spectrum or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders -impairments of general mental abilities that impact adaptive functioning in three domains, or areas. These domains listed below determine how well an individual copes with everyday tasks: -Conceptual domain- skills in language, reading, writing, math, reasoning, knowledge, and memory -Social domain- empathy, social judgement, interpersonal communication skills, the ability to make and retain friendships -Practical domain- self-management in areas such as personal care, job responsibilities, money management, recreation, and organizing school and work tasks. -this individuals symptoms must begin during the developmental period to be considered a intellectual disability (based on severity of deficits in adaptive functioning)

Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

-a brain disease is defining feature is psychosis or being out of touch with reality, delusions and hallucinations are hallmarks of the illness

Thought Disorder: Hallucination

-a hallucination is a false perception or a perception that has no corresponding sensory input. There may be sensations that trigger or sustain the hallucination, one's understanding of those sensations is different than the actual stimulus (the mind adds an unreal meaning). -one or more sense (auditory, visual, olfactory (smell), tactile (touch), and/or gustatory(taste)

Formal mental disorder definition

-a mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clincially significant distrubance in an individual's cognition (thought), emotion regulation (mood), or behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning. -associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or other important activities. -socially deviant behavior (political, religious, or sexual) and conflicts that are primarily between the individual and society are not mental disorders unless the deviance or conflict results from a dysfunction in the individual.

Substance use disorder

-a problematic pattern of use of an intoxicating substance leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested within a 12 month period -pathological set of behaviors related to the use of that substance: These behaviors fall into 4 main categories 1) impaired control-using for longer period of time than intended or larger amounts than intended, wanting to reduce use but is unsuccessful, spend excessive time getting, using, recovering from drug use, and craving are so intense it makes it difficult to think of anything else 2)social impairment- people may continue to use even if it causes problems at work, school or family (work absenses, poor performance, neglect of children or household duties), continues to use despite having interpersonal problems about the drug use (arguments with family about it, looking friendships), important activities may be given up (spend less time with family, social activities, etc.) 3)risky use-failure to refrain from using despite the harm it causes (constantly uses even if it is causing physical harm or psychological harm knowingly ) 4)pharmacological indicators- (tolerance and withdrawal) -tolerance occurs when people need to increase the amount of the substance to achieve the same desired effect (people experience this differently; (don't want to experience withdrawal or want to get high); withdrawal is the body's response to the abrupt cessation of a drug once the body has developed a tolerance to it

Addiction is a brain disease

-addition is a chronic brain disease and just as individuals wouldnt choose to be diagnosed with cancer or diabetes, it is not a choice to become addicted to drugs or alcohol -the first use of it was a choice but it is the substance itself combined with changes in brain chemistry that can lead an individual to continue abusing to develop an addiction -Most drugs activate the reward system of the brain and it makes the user feel good. -Once the drug is used repeatedly the drug use is not longer voluntary (so they need professional help and treatment to change their brain back to normal)

Alcohol

-alcohol is a drug and is classified as a depressant meaning it slows down vital functions (slurred speech, unsteady movement, disturbed perceptions and an inability to react quickly. -reduces a person's ability to think rationally and distorts his/her judgment -the amount of alcohol consumed determines the effect. -Average people drink for the stimulant effect (loosening up) vs. excessive drinking makes you feel the depressant effect (feel stupid, lose coordination and control) -overdose cause ever more severe depressant effects (inability to feel pain, body vomits the poison, unconsciousness or worse, coma or death) -ethyl alcohol is used in alcohol beverages (fermentation of grains and fruits) -alcohol powder- this is put in with water and is an alcoholic drink.

Sexual abuse toward elders and children

-any act of a sexual nature that is inflicted upon the child and elder or any act of sexual nature performed in their presence; victim can experience sexual abuse due to feeling guilt from sexual abuse,

Anxiety disorders

-are the most common types of mental disorders, followed by depressive disorders. -different mental disorders begin at different stages in life. -mental disorders can occur once, reoccur intermittently, or be more chronic in nature.

Substance use intervention continuum

-assessment and field office maxtrix groups -day reporting centers - residential substance abuse treatment (RSAT)/ Integrated Treatment Facility -Aftercare program

Officer intervention in abuse towards children/elders

-attempt to intervene before abuse occurs (the victim receives appropriate assistance/treatment) -intervention is the ONLY way to a child or elder can begin the healing process 1) establish relationship with people in the home to get better idea of what happens behind closed doors (victim may confide in you and tell you information) (always make a report, always take suspected incidents seriously and avoid turning a blind eye) 2) if approached by victim always provide calm assurance and unconditional support, dont interrogate or ask leading questions, immediately report suspected abuse and ensure the safety of all involved. -there are child abuse protocols in every county but there are no current elder abuse protocols in place (the department of human services investigates all suspected child and elder abuse claims)

Ways law enforcement may encounter someone with ASD

-call/appearance of domestic disturbance or child abuse -call/report of suspicious behavior (prowling, trespassing, peeping tom) -welfare checks (running into traffic) -missing person's report -aggressive behavior

Handcuffing without arrest

-can be put into handcuffs even if not arrested (called investigative detention which is a brief seizure based on reasonable articulable suspicion, when an officer believes that criminal activity is happening or has happened or is going to happen) -

Substance use and recovery treatment

-change the attitude, beliefs and behaviors of addicts. -recognize resilience- refers to an individuals ability to cope with adversity and adapt to challenges or change (can help with coping with life changes and stressful situations) additionally optimism and hope are essential to resilience and the process of recovery -this has helped drug use and recidivism go down and employment go up -Officers can frequently drug test, referrals to appropriate treatment, positive feedback, support in establishing a recovery-oriented lifestyle are just a few ways officers can help offender reach that 2 year benchmark

Intelligence dissemination

FBI and GBI will disseminate information to law enforcement if it is deemed important -information will be sent to DCS intelligence liaison

Warning signs of abuse (from short film)

-checking your cell phone or email without permission -constantly putting you down -extreme jealousy or insecurity -explosive temper -isolating you from family and friends -mood swings -making false accusations -physically hurting you in any way -possessiveness -telling you what to do

Signs of co-occurring disorders

-co-occurring disorders will vary depending upon which mental health disorder is diagnosed and the drug of choice. 1) do not be afraid to ask about suicidal thoughts or attempts 2) be sure to look at people's pupils (eyes are the primary source of information; if pupils are dilated in well lit environment abnormally constricted these are sure signs that additional probing is called for) 3) look for track marks from needles, red nose or eroded septum, burn marks on the lips or around the face, and dental decay (meth users) 4) people may stuggle with an inability to maintain employment, legal problems, financial issues, extreme mood swings or an inability to control their emotions, psychiatric episodes, use, abuse, and relapse of alcohol and other drugs, hospitalization and emergency room visits, relationship difficults, violence, suicide, arrest and incarceration, homelessness, poverty and infectious diseases.

Marijuana indicators and paraphenalia

-common method of marijuana use is smoking and cook it in brownies -pipes and other smoking devices, roach clips, rolling papers, cigars for blunts, eye drops, seeds, plastic baggies, scales, grinders, and air freshners

Responding to someone with ASD

-consider your own safety -people with ASD may not understand the consequences of their actions -people with ASD react to their environment (bright lights, sirens, K-9s, smells, loud voices, etc.) -make sure person is unarmed and maintains a safe distance -evaluate injuried because their pain tolerance is high -talk calmly and softly in direct, short phrases, reassuring him/her that no harm is intented -avoid quick motions or gestures -allow for delayed responses to your questions or commands, repeat as needed and avoid using slang terms, refrain from expressing anger, impatience or irritation. -ask for medical alert tags or cards and find caregiver on the scene and find a way to communicate with the ASD people, deescalate situation

increase pro-social behaviors

-cope with difficult tasks -more patient -cooperation and a readiness to volunteer ideas -reflect before responding -show a tolerance for the opinions of others -positive changes at work -building better relationships with people at work

Thinking error

-defined as a combination of thought which form patterns that are unhealthy and interfere with or prevent responsible thinking (aka thinking errors- thoughts people exhibit or demonstrate during irresponsible behavior) -everyone have thinking errors but how someone copes with the error is the difference between criminal thinker (immoral or illegal actions, or bending the laws) and responsible thinker (fulfillment of obligations and consideration for others, desire to make wrong choices disappear, pro-social)

Searches, arrests, planning and execution

-describe the searches officers are authorized to conduct -types of property they may seize and the proper procedure for storing -list the key fundamentals of warrant service and elements of arrest team planning and execution -actions to be taken if confronted with a barricaded hostage/situation -properly and safely execute an arrest warrant

Sovereign citizens tactics

-distracting officers with hundreds of pages of paperwork to draw attention away from items like weapons or contraband -soverigns obtain fake badge and credentials to pass as law enforcement officers (security threat for court houses and other government buildings -use fraudulent forms of ID such as driver licenses, etc.

Mood disorder: anxiety disorders

-distress that interferes with ones ability to lead a normal life. -worry and fear are constant and overwhelming and can be disabling. Anxiety disorders: -panic disorder- terror that strikes at random (panic attack, sweat, chest pain, etc.) -Social anxiety disorder- feel overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about everyday social situations (other judgement of you) -specific phobias- intense fear of a specific object or situation -generalized anxiety disorder- feel excessive, unrealistic worry and tension with little or no reason

Recovery group: Dual diagnosis, peer-led

-double trouble in recovery- both addiction and psychiatric illness -self management and recovery training- cognitive behavioral theory and done by coordinator -secular organization for sobriety/save our selves-personal responsibility and cognitive approaches to abstinence

Common drug use myths

-drug abuse is the same as addiction -alcohol is not a drug -addiction is a moral weakness -abusers/addicts must want treatment for it to be successful

Types of arrests (emergency arrests without a warrant)

-emergency situation occurs when the offender commits a criminal act in the officer's presence, or within the CSOs immediate knowledge, or when an officer must act immediately to ensure the safety of the public or staff and does not have time nor opportunity to obtain a warrant Parole officer-notify the chief within one our of the arrest, obtain a warrant no longer than 24 hours from the time of arrest and if after hours call Department of corrections communitcation center at 478-992-5111 and request to have the parole board duty officer contact him/her for warrant authorization probation officer- notify the chief within one hour of arrest, warrant must be done to hold offender more than 48 hours, complete the warrant process on the same day if possible

How officers can use cognitive thinking with offenders

-explain the basic rules to interrupt criminal thinking (focus on positive result of compliance, be constructive but not aggressive) -enforce sanctions and program requirements (enforce sanctions and programs requirements, positive and negative consequences of a specific behavior or action, positive reinforcement, pro-social behavior, modeling of concrete problem solving and skill building) -Positive reinforcement- enroll offenders into cog skill programs (helps change criminal thinking and behavior)

Recognize the signs of opioid overdose

-face is clammy to touch and has lost color, difficulty speaking -body is limp, fingernails or lips have a blue or purple tinge -sleep is deep and cannot be woken -breathing is slow or has stopped -heartbeat is slow or has stopped -finger nails turn blue or purple *without oxygen the body will shut down due to hypoxia and damage to the brain can occur with 4-6 minutes

Thought Disorder: Delusion

-false belief (unwavering, influence, delusion of grandeur) -delusional interpretation- normal interaction is interpreted through the delusion Delusional interpretation- made up delusion but they believe what they believe -from an outsider we need to understand their point of view first and not convince him that he is having a delusion

Things to keep in mind when serving warrants

-first and foremost is safety -safety needs to be the first consideration before anything else when it comes to serving warrants Three important areas of arrest team operations 1) Safety- must have superior weapons, superior numbers (more good guys than bad guys), superior tactics, 2-4) speed, surprise and simplicity- speed need to be thorough but need to be quick when needed, surprise- surprise offenders and doesnt give offenders the opportunity to prepare, and simplicity- keep things at level everyone can understand and use resources available, keep things simple

Flashlight considerations (flash lights, night sights, and weapon light)

-flashlight- choose the light that best suites your setting (urban (less bright because of street lights) or rural (need stronger lighting)), is well constructed (made well, has scratch resistant lens, and is water resistant), and ensure the beam is variable (can switch between flood and spot) -night sights- sight for your gun that illuminate in the dark (they are usually green, front sight is brighter than rear, ten years is life expectancy) -weapon light- weapon attachment but you will need to get a new holster and they are harder to deploy in a situation, drawback is that you have to point your weapon at what you want to see ** urban environment= medium intensity light with an adjustable beam works best ** rural environment, a high intensity light works best because of the lack of artificial lighting **beware of "bounce back" of light in confined spaces

What is a sovereign citizen?

-group was created in 50-60s due to tax protesters not being in "jurisdiction" that was governing US federal and state governments. sovereign citizen movement is a loosely organized collection of groups and individuals who have adopted a right-wing anarchist ideology originating in the theories of a group called the Posse Comitatus in the 1970's -they think the government is illegitimate and seek to "restore" a minimalist government -they use "paper terrorism" harassment and intimidation tactics and occasionally resort to violence, frivolous lawsuits- seek remedy for wrong doings like using their name in a police report, currency transaction reports (fake bank reports), arrest warrants - the sovereign citizens try to issue arrest warrants to local police for the arrest of public officials and even kidnap them, internal revenue service-8300= trade or transaction exceeds 10,000 dollars then can affect victims credit and financial history, - created from Posse Comitatus Movement in the 1960's and was created by Minister William Potter Gale -this group believes in survivalism and formed armed citizens militias in the 1990s -the posse member believe that there is no legitimate form of government above that of the county level and no higher law authority than the county sheriff

Decreased anti-social behavior

-have less anxiety or fear of failure -decreased use of aggressive behavior -rely less on authority figures to make decisions -more cooperative -diminished emotional over-reaction

Common types of opioids

-hydrocodone- used to treat moderate pain (for headaches, tooth pain, mild back pain, is one of the most commonly abused prescription drugs - Meperidine- dispensed in capsule or liquid form and used for dental procedures Fentanyl- 80 times stronger than morphine, used in pain patches such as duragesic (teens chew used ones to get high) Pentazocine- used for severe pain, can make a user very sick if used too much Etorphine- 100 times stronger than morphine, used for very sever pain (cancer) Oxycodone- extremely potent, used for extreme pain (often crushed and injected/ingested

Physical effects of meth use

-increase heart rate -intense feelings of euphoria and powerful sense of well-being -increased energy, high-stress, doctors and nurses will use to work long shifts -weight loss will occur with a high intensity abuser (sunken cheeks) -user will have a lack of color, almost grey appearance (central pallor) -excessively sweating on palms, under arms, etc. -they will have body odor (lack of bathing, clean clothes, excessive sweating, smell like meth or cooking meth smell -deteriorated teeth (enamel of teeth is stripped from chemicals in meth -during tweaking stage, users may pick at their skin which can lead to infections, oozing sores, staph, etc.

Symptoms of schizophrenia

-involve a range of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional dysfunction, but no single symptom is pathognomonic of the disorder -often experience impaired occupational or social functioning -occurs in the late teens to mid thirties -difficulty distinguishing between real and imagined experience (hallucinations and delusions, their thinking is disorganized- not logical, can't attention focus, concentrate & memory, disorganized or incoherent speech, and disorganized behavior from childlike behavior to agitation by shouting, swearing, etc.) -They always have flat or disturbed affect - inappropriate smiling, laughing, facial expressions & mood-- depression, anxiety, or anger. -Pacing, rocking, or immobility occurs. -Difficulty with work, school, family members is common

Homegrown terrorism

-is commonly associated with a international organization rather than a lone wolf, which is an act committed by isolated and disturbed individuals who have been radicalized apart from larger like-minded groups. -target attacks are within nation they are from

Integrated treatment for veterans

-justice-involved veterans -PTSD and substance use is very prevalent among veterans and the military community. According to the VA, approximately one-third of veterans seeking treatment for substance use disorders also met the criteria for PTSD -alcohol use ranges from 21-71% and drug use among veterans is 26-65% -most veterans dont seek treatment because they have a fear of being treated differently.

LSD Lysergic Acid Diethylamide

-known as acid, blotter, paper, Lucy, microdot, or windowpane. -one of the most potent mood changing chemicals known -Created by swiss chemist in 1943 - a large lab is needed for LSD to be made and the materials are hard to come by. -takes 5-20 minutes to feel effects and can last 8-12 hours and can be detected in the urine for 2-3 days. -physical reactions= dilated pupils, lowered body temp, neausea, profuse perspiration, increase blood sugar, rapid heart rate. -the first hour they will experience visual changes and mood changes, in the hallucinatory state they may suffer impaired depth and time perception, distorted perceptions of the size and shape of things.

fitness/nutrition benefits

-make changes in our diet and lifestyle that are not always comfortable but will aid us in executing our jobs at peak efficiency -maintaining good energy level weight control -improved overall health -confidence -adequate sleep

low light shooting info

-make sure to draw your gun with good and smooth presentation towards the target -trust your instincts- usually when we hear a noise, we look in the direction of it (but don't shoot until you can identify the target) -using a flashlight is not intended to facilitate more accurate shooting (it is used to help you find your way and identify targets) -adaption period- 20 to 30 seconds it what it take for our eyes to completely adapt to low light levels -in the human eye, the rod cells produce a substance called visual purple (only happens in periods of darkness or low illumination) (bleaches out in 4-10 seconds) -cone cells active during daylight hours allow us to see color, shape, and dark contrast. -peripheral vision- in times of law light it is important to use your peripheral vision because the image is formed on the area of the retina which contains the rod cells (let your eyes scan the area moving in show movements over the possible danger area) it bleaches out in 4-10 seconds so shift your eyes around to refresh rod cells -impairment- vitamin A is partially chemically responsible for visual purple and lack of it will impair night vision; excessive alcohol consumption, heavy smoking, colds, headaches, and bright lights

Recent court decisions regarding sudden ICDs Watkins v. new castle county 2005

-man needed to be removed from residence, when police arrived the man seemed to be under the influence of crack-cocaine, he struggled with officers and they handcuffed his wrists and ankles were cuffed together while one of the officers had his knee on the mans back for an indeterminate amount of time, shortly after the man died, -ruling= the officers were not trained properly in recognizing signs of sudden in-custody death, new officers discussed positional asphyxia and cocaine-induced excited delirium but old officers did not have to undergo such training)

marijuana

-most commonly used illegal drug in the world (street names: pot, grass, blunts, mota, dope, ganja, joints, mary jane, reefer, shunk, and weed) -marijuana plant is a dioecious (both sexes) plant and can be blue, red, and green and can grow 20 feet tall. -the planet flowers and the ingredient in the flowers are tetrahydrocannabinol and hashish comes from the pure resin or charas -THC is the strongest natural hallucinogen -hash is 20-40% THC and hash oil is (40-90% THC) -the female hemp plant is used to get the buds from -effects include: euphoria, slowed thinking and reaction time, confusion, impaired balance and coordination, cough, frequent respiratory infections, impaired thinking and learning, increased heart rate, anxiety, panic attacks, and developed tolerance (marijuana users have similar characteristics to depressants and alcohol abusers)

Recent court decisions regarding sudden ICDs Abdullahi v. City of Madison 2005

-nurse in her vehicle driving down the road saw a man who needed assistance and stopped. -the eratic man hit the women and three police officers arrived and placed the man into leg irons and stopped breathing and shortly died, -ruling- district court ruled in favor of the officer, however on appeal the decision was reversed and remanded back for trial (officer brooks kneeling on the subjects neck was the cause of enough force to crush his chest cavity and collapse his left lung

Bruises

-obvious signs- bruising is apparent, bruises on immobile children/elders is concerning (on face, ears, abdomen, upper arm, posterior leg, foot, hands); can tell if the bruises have numerous on top of each other -Accident or abuse? - look at the site of injury, pattern present, stage of development of the child or elder -coloring and location are key-active children and elders get bruises on their shins, forehead, forearms, hands, lower legs; the darker the bruise the harder the blow/level of impact

officer liability during transport

-officers can be tried for civil liability of prisoner safety during transport for the following (not limited to just these): selection and preparation of the vehicle, restraint equipment used, possible vehicle accidents, transporting special needs prisoners, searching the prisoner, nature of the transportation -following safety guidelines, policy, and training are critical for performing transport assignments without incident

Identifying STGs and gang members

-officers can identify gang members based on offender self-admission, tattoos, law enforcement intelligence (previously marked as being in a gang through prior interaction with LEO), or a combination. -officers should always attempt to use social media (because it is an excellent resource for documenting criminal activity since offenders like to brag) as a method to identify gang members. Also officers can look for friends or associates with known gang affiliation *identifying STGs can become challenging at times since gang identities can change over time due to disbanding, being dismantled by law enforcment (forcing them elsewhere or to change name/affiliation), combining with other gangs, or changing names. (this means that gang affiliations that are on file for some offenders can be wrong)

Georgia 911 Medical Amnesty Law amends OCGA 31-11-55

-officers who carry opioid antagonist must receive training in accordance with rules and regulations of the department of public health -officers who administer this have to make available a printed or electronically stored report to the licensed ambulance service which transports the patient

Other resources for DCS employees

-online crisis intervention training -autism in the criminal justice system -autism risk and safety management website -autisitic boy explains autism -autism top 10 things you should know -what autism feels like (for me)

Common drugs to overdose on

-oxycodone and hydrocodone are most commonly perscribed opiates and are the most common opioid in overdose deaths -fentanyal and morphine are also common to overdose on -people build a tolerance and this makes them believe that they can increase the amount of drug which can cause an overdose

Recent court decisions regarding sudden ICDs Cruz v. City of Laramie 2001

-police responded to a naked erratic man and they hog-tied him and he subsequently died -ruling= medical evidence was irrelevant because the study was conducted with healthy males, not individuals with an apparent and discernible diminished capacity

Guidelines for searches

-prior approval- gain supervisor approval before conducting a search of an offender (search incident to arrest or "terry frisks" should be done when situation arises -Number of sworn staff- more than one officer should be present during search -Searches during arrest warrant- search should be limited to those areas where an offender can conceal themselves (look in closet but not in small desk) -scope of search- search areas where the offender could conceal contraband (in their room v. their parents room) -protection of property- reasonable care of property should be utilized, put items or property back in pre-search condition -Professionalism- remain professional at all time during searches -Evidence of new criminal activity- when new criminal evidence is discovered, they should consult with supervisior if law enforcement officers need to come to the scene, if law enforcement is summoned the search should cease until search warrant is obtained -Action to take when a probationer refused to allow an officer to conduct a search 1)place the offender under arrest for violating a condition of probation 2)if officer has developed probable cause to search an offender's entire residence or portions thereof, other officers should secure the residence while the lead officer seeks to obtain a search warrant for the area to be searched

Hallucinogens (types)

-psychoactive (they can cause changes in perception, thought, emotion and consciousness) Natural- nutmeg, asthmador, morning glory seeds, ergot fungus, peyote cactus, psilocybin mushroom, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Synthetic/semi-synthetic- MDMA (esctasy), LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, PCP, DMT (dimethyltryptamine), STP (serenity, tranquility, peace), DOM, and MDA (psychotomimetic amphetamine)

Mental illness (risk factor)

-psychological patterns, potentially reflect in behavior, that is generally associated with distress or disability, and which is not considered part of normal development of a person's culture -combination of how a person feels, acts, thinks, and perceives -the child/elder may feel isolated or humiliated by the mentally ill caretaker's behavior -due to the mentally ill caregiver lack of control the elder/child is often a victim of explosive behavior/unpredictable behavior -children and elders with a care taker with mental illness are likely to experience all four types of abuse

Sudden in custody death

-recent court decisions regarding sudden in-custody deaths -identify the behavioral cues of an individual that is considered high risk for a sudden in-custody death -contemporary theories regarding sudden in-custody death -act steps to follow when dealing with an individual who is considered high risk for a sudden in custody death

Disadvantages of de-escalation

-requires more resources, time, patience, dialogue, and resources -also manipulative suspects can take advantage of officers who let their guards down slightly

Transitional Housing for Offender Reentry (THOR) Directory

-safe and drug free housing for offenders -two types: Recovery residence-designed to address substance use disorder, keeping in mind that typically drug testing, self help and outpaitnet treatment should be tried before referral to a residential program unless offender is homeless 1) standard- one or more hours of substance use disorder services (self-help, life skills, cognitive behavioral skills, job readiness) need a job for weekly/monthly fees 2) intensive- 5 or more house of substance use disorder treatment delivered by professional. need a job for all fees. Structured housing- a safe place to live that is paid for by the resident (classes and services may be officered but participation is optional

Techniques of entering rooms

-slicing the pie- slowly seeing more of the room, once officer seeks someone they should given instructions from a position of concealment -Quick peek- quickly seeing part of the room (shouldnt do in the same location twice) -crossover- officer enters first and then another going to cross corners of the room -Buttonhook- officers making entry simultaneously driving the corners

Probation DRs

-stating the circumstances of delinquent (including extenuating factors) -list violations per condition in numerical order -properly format violations to include a brief synopsis of each: who, what when, where, why and how. - officer should consider if the offender completed special conditions, comply with general conditions, passed drug screens, kept office appointments, kept a job, maintained a positive attitude -then the officer recommendations and what type of sanction would like to see

Deterring Thinking Errors

-stop and think of immediate consequences -examine of conscience: take a moral inventory each day (think about the wrong not the crime, think about injury inflicted on others) -Plan ahead, think ahead and make another choice (avoid past behaviors and old criminal patterns and make another choice) -stop and think about who gets hurt. Use reasoning- think about all the problems and bad feelings similar actions have caused in the past; understand the ripple effect of an action and the effect of the action on others (crime or action, effect on victim and self, effect on both families, effect on neighbors, schools, friends and community, and lastly effect on the quality of life) -dont dwell on past activities and patterns- new thinking replaces old patterns that resulted in crime. New responsible thinking and practice these new cognitive skills

Take time for fun and relaxation

-take care of yourself first -set aside relaxation time (rest and relaxation) -connect with others (spend time with positive people) -keep a sense of humor (laugh at yourself)

Factors to substance abuse

-the reason why someone might be addicted is often influenced by a combination of biological and environmental factors 1) genetics- individuals hereditary genes can play a significant role in developing an addiction (child with addicted parents are 4 times more likely to become addicts themselves 2) social environment- an individual who lives, works, or goes to school in an environment saturated with drug addiction is also more likely to become addicted to drugs or alcohol; also peer pressure, societal norms, access to alcohol and drugs can play a part in this 3) underlying psychiatric conditions or psychological influence- people who have an underlying psychiatic condition like anxiety, depression, or mood illnesses are more likely to become an addict (when the person experiences sadness, anger, confusion, etc. they begin to abuse drugs. They self-medicate

Sovereign citizens indicators

-the use of punctuation between their middle and last names -refusal to have a social security card -refusal to use zip codes -display documents in lieu of an ID

Factors for Scheduling drugs

-there are 8 factors that are considered when scheduling drugs 1) the drug's actual or relative potential for abuse 2)scientific evidence of a drug's pharmacological effect 3)the state of current scientific knowledge regarding the substance, its history and current pattern of abuse 4) its history and current pattern 5)the scope, duration, and significance of abuse 6)what, if any, risk there is to the public 7) the drugs psychic or physiological dependence liability 8) whether the substance is an immediate precursor of a substance already controlled

Amphetamines/Methamphetamines

-these are central nervous system stimulants (in same category as caffeine and nicotine. -can be used to treat ADHD and increase productivity but they are easily abused and highly addictive. -Amphetamine is the parent of methamphetamine, methamphetamine are not neutrotoxic like amphetamine -Amphetamine users are high in energy, increase athletic prowess, stay awake for long hours, improved memory and recall, unrealistic goals for achievement, unrealistic beliefs of person power and ability

Recidivism rates

-these rates are lowest for officers who blend law enforcement & counseling roles -the most effective officer's supervision orientations are low on punishment & high on rehabilitation

Treatment for mental disorders

-treatment is one of the many ways that people recover from these conditions and is often necessary but is not sufficient for long-term recovery

There are several factors that control the intensity of a flashlight beam

1) power source- carbon, alkaline batteries (cheaper, provides warning to losing power), rechargeable batteries but lithium are the best (more consistent performance) 2) battery size- c cell flashlights are easier to carry and fit into officers hands better than d cell flashlights 3) type of bulb- 4) temperature- heat usually does not affect the performance unless the temperature is so high that it causes expansion of the batteries; cold temp can negatively affect performance (wont be as bright, batteries will die faster)

ASD statistics

1 in 42 boys have autism 1 in 189 girls have austism

Healthy lifestyle (5)

1) Forward thinking- healthy people's goal is to maintain an active role in maintaining overall wellness. Complete a physical annually to help catch early signs of health problems and become up-to-date on nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle changes. 2) attentiveness- people who pay attention to their physical, mental, and spiritual well being tend to have optimum health. The sooner a medical condition is identified and treated, the better the outcome 3)Community Oriented- healthy people have a stable social network and routinely interact with family and friends leading to happier healthy life. Isolation can cause more health risks and has similar effects to smoking. Loneliness has profound effect on mental functioning, sleep and overall well-being which can lead to illness and death. 4)Weight Maintenance - proper nutrition and exercise, those who are inactive and eat unhealthy are more prone to suffer from disease, the body needs quality fuel and proper maintenance to function optimally 5) Genetics- some people have hereditary health advantage over others,

Levels of gang membership

1) Leaders: make day to day operation decisions and have extensive criminal histories 2) Hard-core members: usually the most violent members, generally commit the most serious criminal offenses and are behind the drug dealing; they show younger members what is required to prove loyalty 3) Fringe and/or marginal members: youngest/newest members with little to no criminal background; make up the majority of gang members (leaders and hard-core members only make up 15-25% of a gang)

Elements of arrest team planning and execution

1) Prepare- make sure team is trained properly, practice, stay active, prepare mentally, make sure you have proper equipment, team must be uniform 2) Planning-most important phase, gather all info pertaining to operation plan, entire history and information of offender should be known, need to know about other occupants in house, need to know description of house/neighborhood/dogs/ where the suspects room is, prepare plan to execute warrant, arrest team data sheet is conduced and copies are made for the subject and documentation to cover the teams "butt" from lawsuits. 3) Briefing- entire team meets to form a concrete plan, photograph team to provide proof of uniformity, plans and maps out plan, it is highly advised to use law enforcement on particular warrants 4) Execution (entry team)- one last time to make sure everyone is ready, team is split into an entry team and a perimeter team, has copy of warrant, know where vehicles will be parked, people know their roles, search for the offender should be quiet, slow and deliberate 5) debriefing- receive the warrant and provide constructive criticism, time to learn from mistakes (common mistake is turning their backs to or cross an unclear area)

Hispanic gangs under supervision

1) Surenos aka Sur 13; pay tribute to the Mexican Mafia while in prison. 2) MS 13; orginially from El Salvador inmates; common themes number 13, devil horns, and phrase hear no evil 3) Nortenos; pay tribute to the Nuestra Familia while in prison; tend to use the number 14 and the letter N 4) La Gran Familia; violent crime gang in metro Atlanta. Has gang sets: "Latin Kings", "Brown Side Locos", "Malditos 13" and "Pachucos 21"

Domestic terrorist groups

1) anarchist extremists- they believe in violence and criminal act is necessary to make social, political and economic change (anti-government, animal rights, anti-pollution, anti-racist, etc.). 2) Puerto Rican Extremist- located only in Puerto Rico and believe in violence and armed attacks in order to gain complete independence from the US 3)Anti-Abortion Extremist- they believe abortion is immoral therefore violence is justified to stop it (threats, intimidation, and bombings) 4) Black Separatists Extremist- they seek to seperate themselves from white society (do this through force, violence, and criminal activity) 5) White Supremacists Extremists- they believe whites are supreme and are very violent (do random attacks against religious, racial, and social minorities) 6)Militia/ Sovereign citizens extremists- they are anti-government and reject government authority (their are known for paperwork harassment rather than actual attacks) 7)Animal Right Extremist- believe animals are not for human use (they do vandalism, theft, threats, cyber-attacks, harassment, and arson to corporations)

Eight evidence-based principles for effective intervention

1) assess actuarial risk/needs- develop and maintain a complete system of ongoing offender risk screening and needs assessments. Assessing offenders in a reliable and valid manner is a prerequisite for the management (supervision and treatment) of offenders 2) enhance intrinsic motivation- employees should relate to offenders in an interpersonally respectful and constructive way to enhance intrinsic motivation in offenders. Behavioral change is an inside job, for lasting change to occur a level of intrinsic motivation is needed. 3) target interventions (broken down into 5 sections): 1) Risk Principle: prioritize primary supervision and treatment resources for offenders who are at higher risk to re-offend (this promotes harm-reduction and public safety) 2) Criminogenic Need Principle: target interventions to criminogenic needs (address the offenders greatest needs, some of which will be directly linked to criminal behavior) 3) Responsivity Principle: be responsive to temperament, learning style, motivation, culture, and gender when assigning programs (the individual factors of the offender will influence their responsiveness to different types of treatments). 4) Dosage: provide appropriate quantities of services, pro-social structure, and supervision (this is a strategic application of department resources). Higher risk offenders will require more initial structure and services than lower risk offenders 5) Treatment Principle: integrate treatment into the full sentence/sanction requirements. Treatment, particularly cognitive-behavioral types, should be applied as an integral part of the sentence and sanction process. 4) Skill train with directed practice- provide evidence based programming that emphasizes cognitive behavioral strategies and is delivered by a well trained employee(s). In order to deliver an intervention an officer must understand antisocial thinking, social learning, and appropriate communication techniques (this will help in redirecting an offender from antisocial thinking/actions) 5) increase positive reinforcement- when learning new skills and making behavioral changes, human beings (in this case, offenders) respond better and maintain learned behaviors for longer periods of time, when approached with carrots (rewards) rather than sticks (punishments) (apply four positive reinforcements for every one negative reinforcement for optimal behavior change results) 6) engage ongoing support in natural communities- realign and actively engage pro-social supports for offenders in their communities (known as community reinforcement approach (CRA) enact things against unemployment, alcoholism, substance abuse, and marital conflicts). 7) measure relevant processes/practices- accurate and detailed documentation of case information, along with a formal and valid mechanism for measuring outcomes, is the foundation of evidence based practice. Agencies must routinely assess offender change in cognitive and skill development, and evaluate offender recidivism, if services are to remain effective. 8) provide measurement feedback- once a method for measuring relevant processes/practices is in place (#7) the information must be used to monitor progress and change. Providing feedback to offenders regaurding their progress builds accountability and is associated with enhanced motivation for change, lower treatment attrition, and improved outcomes

Indicators of radicalization of supervised offenders

1) associates with radical persons 2) lives with radials 3) radical visitors at work 4) makes radical statements 5) ties to middle east (does not include those with some genuine family ties but is empathetic with these ethnic groups)

De-escalation tips

1) be attentive: have visible open plams, introduce yourself (even if person knows you), calm voice, use small words to convey listening to subject ("okay""I see""uh huh") 2) use of open ended questions: do not allow for simple answers and this helps the officer get more information "tell me more about""what else?""when did this happen?" 3) use of close ended questions: help the officer get a straight forward answer; get answers to questions like, "are you thinking of hurting yourself""Will you let me take you to get some help" 4) be sincere: be supportive and helpful, remain patient and doing take things personal; show acceptance and empathy 5) give simple short commands: persons having mental crisis need to hear simple commands because they can be having hallucinations or delusions 6) speak to other to gather info: get info, see if this has happened before; this shows that officer cares

Neglect warning signs

1) clothes are ill-fitting, flithy or inappropriate for the weather 2)hygiene is consistently bad (un-bathed, matted and unwashed hair, noticeable body odor) 3) untreated illnesses and physical injuries 4) often unsupervised; left alone or allowed to visit and frequent unsafe environments 5) frequently late or missing school and/or medical appointments

Pitfalls to avoid

1) compromising officer safety- do not assume situation is routine or typical; react properly to situation; remain alert and observe 2) judging the person- don't verbalize that you think someone is crazy or that what they are experiencing is not true; show that you care (have empathy) 3) rushing- do not rush through a crisis, slow down and critically evaluate the situation and scene; rushing can lead to unnecessary escalation of the situation 4) don't let ego interfere- do not respond because the subject says something to damage your ego (take it with a grain of salt)

Steps to take for exercise program

1) consult with physician 2)assess your fitness level 3)do your research 4) proper preparation (stretching and warming up) 5) workout schedule 6) more than one way to accomplish a goal (create different workouts to not have boredom, boost motivation and emphasize different parts of the body)

Considerations when dealing with high risk subjects

1) experience a paradigm shift (think of situations as law enforcement matter and medical emergency) 2) realize that there are many unknowns about this subject but common threads exist 3) assess the scene to determine who is at risk 4) call for backup, supervisor, ems, etc. 5) use verbal skills to try to de-escalate the situation 6) if this fails them take these 5 steps 1)capture 2)control 3) restrain (do not hogtie or place in any position that restricts free breathing 4)Inform EMS 5)EMS transport (always have EMS transport high risk subjects **medical treatment cannot occur until they are captured, controlled, and restrained (someone in custody cannot refuse medical attention)

Sexual abuse warning signs

1) intense efforts to gain attention/affection from adults (inappropriately seductive) 2) provide hints regarding sexual behavior 3)have abnormal sexual knowledge 4) signs of intoxication after spending time with adult or older adolescent 5) touches other inappropriately or exposes themselves 6)inappropriately touches themselves or others in the presence of others

myths of elder abuse

1) it's only considered abuse if the act is violent 2)only bad people abuse children or elders (sometime the provider doesnt realize they are being abusive, if the provider is stressed, has substance abuse issues, mental health issues, and lack of support can contribute to lack of care) 3)Abuse does not happen in good families- happens in all neighborhoods and to all races 4) Most abusers are strangers- 90% of perpetrators are family members

ways to search an area with a flashlight (techniques)

1) old FBI- the light is kept extended and away from the body. ex: holding it above your head or all the way to the side of your body 2) spot and more- until you have located the threat it is best to use the light in breif flashes and more to a new position after every flash (ex: walking and moving the falshlight back and forth) 3) harries- the light is controlled in the non shooting hand, help between thumb and index finger (make an ok sign with hand). back of flashlight hand is pressed against the back of the shooting hand (flashlight hand is under gun hand) 4) chapman- circle the flashlight with the thumb and forefinger of the supportive hand and let the other three fingers wrap around the gun hand 5 roger's- use with smaller flashlights, hold flashlight between forefinger and middle finger

Positive change indicators

1) open channels 2) less complaining 3) less victim stance 4) avoids cohorts 5) less street language 6) less anger 7) shows self-disgust 8) remorse 9) empathy 10) elimination of tactics and manipulation 11) adopts a help-seeking attitude 12) replaces thinking errors with new thought patterns 13) eliminates violations

DCS has several guidelines in place to help officers increase the safety of themselves and others

1) restraints- one of the most important parts of transporting offenders is the proper application of restraints (in addition to regular handcuffs, waist chains (which are placed around the offenders waist) can be used with handcuffs to prevent the offender from raising their hands past a certain point and leg irons (look like a large set of hand cuffs) can be attached to the offenders ankles to restrict leg movement) *handcuffs are temporary restraints, never leave a person unattended in them & always search the subject before placing them in the vehicle 2) a single offender may be transported by one officers if a cage is utilized, if not caged vehicle is available or if more than one offender needs to be transported then a second officer must be present; whenever possible try to use a caged vehicle. Everyone needs to wear a seat belt (when putting offender seat belts on, pull the seat belt all the way out and then let it go around them so that it will lock them in place); always search the car after each offender rides in the vehicle (purpose of this is to locate any contraband and/or weapons)- document searches in the vehicle log 3) seating arrangement- when transporting one offender alone, always place them in the rear passenger seat (so they are not directly behind you). If there is second offender or officer, offender must sit in rear as well while the second officer sits in front passenger and monitors the offenders for the duration of the transport; always keep sliding window on cage closed (if there is one); if you are in a car with no cage the offender must be in the rear passenger seat while one officer drives and the other sits in the rear drivers side (second officer sitting in the rear should secure their weapon in the trunk for transport)

Officer response to overdose and using Naloxone or Narcan spray

1) secure the scene 2)activate ems 3)determine if person is conscious 4) if not, spray naloxone into one of their nostrils and breathing should improve after 2-3 minutes (if they aren't breathing administer CPR) 5) place person in the recovery position and reassess 6) if breathing doesnt imprive within 2-3 minutes administer second dose of naloxone if availbale 7) when fire/ems arrive, provide a report 8)notify supervisor when naloxone is used and notify the naloxone agency coordinator (they document it, issue new kit, keep reports) **full reversal causes vomitting and doesnt work on benzobiazepines like xanax, valium, anti-seizure meds, cocaine, ADD medications or sleeping agents.

Main warning signs of overall abuse from perpertrator

1) showing little concern for the child or elder; limits their contact with others 2) denying that any problem exists at home or school or blames the child or elder for the problem 3) desrcibes the child and/or elder with negative terms, such as worthless 4) offers conflicting or unconvincing explanations for a injuries or no explanation at all 5) appears unable to recognize physical or emotional distress in children and elders 6) seems jealous of other family members getting attention from the child or elder

Categories of commonly abused drugs: narcotics and dangerous drugs are divided into eight categories

1) stimulants aka "uppers"- stimulants speed the operation of the brain, accelerate the heart rate and elevate blood pressure. Subjects tend to be hyperactive, nervous, talkative, and unable to sit still or concentrate or think clearly for long periods of time (also more confrontational with LEO) (ex: cocaine, crack, meth, ice) 2) hallucinogens- cause the user to perceive things differently than they actually are. There is a sensory experience of something that does not exist outside of the mind of the user (ex: ecstasy, LSD, shrooms, toads) 3) opiates- relieve pain, induce euphoria, change moods and cause constipation (ex: opium, morphine, heroin, vicodin, methadone, oxycodone) 4) marijuana- appears to interfere with a person's ability or willingness to pay attention. May not be able to divide their attention very well (ex: cannabis, marinol, hashish) 5) alcohol- Alcohol impairs a person's agility and mobility as well as their reaction time (ex: beer, liquor, moonshine) 6) depressants- slow down the operation of the brain, depress the heartbeat & blood pressure and many other processes controlled by the brain (ex: xanax, sleeping pills, barbs, GHB) 7) inhalants- breathable chemicals that produce mind-altering results (ex: aerosols, solvents, gases) 8) PCP- produces a combination of impairment affects on the on the mind and body which consist of stimulants, depressants and hallucinogens. It also causes bizarre and sometimes violent behavior (ex: phencyclidine, ketamine)

Common risk factor for child and elder abuse

1) substance abuse (most frequently cited risk factor associated with child and elder abuse); the environment is very unpredictable (increased family conflict, emotion or physical violence, decreased family cohesion, etc.) -the eldest child takes on the role of caregiver to provide the parental care for other children or elder (unpredictability of the caregiver can cause the child or elder to resort in abusing alcohol or drugs to cope; may isolate themselves, don't try in school, stress is frequently seen) 2)domestic violence 3) stress 4) mental illness

What to know when reporting abuse?

1) the physical condition of the child or elder and a description of the abusive or neglectful behavior 2) evidence of caregiver disabilities; specifically alcoholism, drug abuse, mental illness or other factors that demonstrate or suggest their inability to care for the child or elder 3) description of suspicious injuries or conditions 4) the nature of any statements related by the child or elder concerning parent or caregiver maltreatment 5) any evidence of caregiver's indifference or to inattention the child or elders physical and emotional needs

Most common tactics of maintaining power and control by abusers

1) the use of weapons to inflict harm or threaten their partner 2) controling what the victim eats and when they sleep 3) forcing their parter to do work against their will

Domestic Power and Control Wheel

1) using harmful language- name calling, playing mind games, humilitation, making someone feel insecure/guilty 2)Using social standing- using popularity, class, race, or disability to manipulate someone else, making all the decisions for someone 3)Using technology- sending unwanted texts, breaking into someones social networking profile, email or cell phone 4) using intimation- making someone afraid by using looks, actions or gestures; smashing, destroying or stealing property; abusing pets, displaying weapons 5) minimizing, denying or blaming- minimizing the impact of abuse, saying the abuse didnt happen, blaming abusive behavior on stress/alcohol/drugs/or jealousy, saying the victim caused abuse 6) using threats- making threats to use physical or sexual violence, threatening to leave/commit suicide/or report to someone; threatening to expose someone's HIV status, immigration status 7) sexual coercion, harassment, or assault - manipulating to get sex, getting someone drunk or drugged to get sex, making sexual comments, giving inappropriate looks, sexually touching, grabbing, rubbing, or pinching someone without their consent 8)exclusion- controlling what someone does where he/she goes, limiting outside involvement, pressuring someone to be part of a group, isolating someone from their friend/family 9) using physical violence - physically hitting, using one's body size or strength against another person

Protocols for different levels of terror related suspicious activity

1)emergency- the first level, involves an issue or activity that requires an emergency response or for immediate intervention due to an imminent even (must be dealt with RIGHT NOW); the officer needs to call 911 to alter the local law enforcement personnel 2) urgent- the second level, activity that does not require immediate action, but it is time sensitive and must be addressed; call Terrorist Tip Line (1-877-428-5324) 3) analytical- something that is analyzed or investigated. this is not imminent or time sensitive, but may have value and fit with other info on record and initiate a new CII investigation; report activity to their agency terrorism intelligence liaison (provide information of who, what, when, where, why, how, and how much) ** notify their chiefs and assistant chiefs immediately with as much information as possible

Common mistakes officer fail to do

1)make to-do-lists- will help you remember all the specifics of a project and will help you not procrastinate 2) not setting personal goals- give a destination and vision to work toward, will help determine whats worth spending time on 3)failing to prioritize- start with tasks near deadlines, and manage personal life issues better to help work when at work 4) too many distractions- turn off distractions but someone should have concentration at all times 5)procrastinating-work on a project for a select amount of time instead of working on it at one time, pace yourself 6) taking on too much- can be done in a rush and sloppy, quality is always more important than quantity 7) failing to delegate 8) too much multitasking- need to complete tasks successfully and dont get off track 9) not taking breaks- allows people to rest and recharge and give person valuable down-time to think creatively and work effectively 10) ineffectively scheduling of tasks-

General low light tactics

1)turn on the lights- if you are going into a dark building, the suspect has the advantage being in the dark so take that away by turning the lights on whenever possible 2)never stand in the doorway- if it is not possible to turn the lights on when you go in, do not stand in the door way. go in and get to either side of the door quickly, in a low light environment you are most visible and vulnerable when back lit (dont let partners have flashlights on you either) 3)controlled and deliberate movement- the slower you move in the darkness the less likely you will be detected, pick up your feet instead of sliding them in order to not give away your position; searching slowly makes the person who is hiding anxious and uncomfortable 4)concealment- a low light situation can never be used as cover because darkness cannot stop bullets, however these situations can be used for concealment. only useful is the subject is not knowledgeable about the location they are hiding in

Marijuana anonymous

12 step organization that holds meetings throughout the US. Based on the principles of AA but targets marijuana users

Methadone Anonymous

12 step organization; holds meetings in 25 states in the US. Rooted in the same ideology as AA but with a focus on opiate abuse and dependency while supporting the use of methadone as a medication assisted recovery option.

Food pyramid

1992 was developed by department of agriculture and is an excellent tool to help individuals choose healthy foods that will provide the nutrients they need and control the amount of calories, fat, saturated fat, cholesterol and sugar in a daily diet. -no longer use this pyramid but use the MyPyramid and this was replaced by Myplate

Narcotics anonymous

2nd largest 12-step organization for men and women who have the desire to stop using drugs -focused on primarily on drugs

Integrated treatment outcomes

SAMHSA -reduced substance use, improves psychiatric symptoms and functioning, decreased hospitalization, increased housing stability, fewer arrests, and overall improved quality of life

Mental health screening form

A mental health screening form shall be completed on every offender by a counselor or trained CSO. The CSO shall review the form and, based on the offender's responses as well as historical data, make any necessary referrals to assist in meeting the needs of the offender

AUTISM meaning for officers

A= approach the person in a quiet, non-threatening manner U= understand that touching may cause a protective fight or flight reaction T= talk in a moderate calm voice I= instructions should be simple and direct with no use of slang S= seek all clues as to the cause of the situation and see if the person in carrying an "attention" or "alert" card or bracelet M= maintain a safe distance until any inappropriate behavior lessens

Four main areas job stress affects

Career-feeling overwhelmed, bogged down by constant work flow, and possibly burned out makes us not want to be optimistic and have career goals Family- family begins to dread you coming home because you are unpleasant and irritable to be around Social- you might begin to only talk about work or take your frustrations out on them Health- stress can affect your immune system, heat beat and blood pressure (high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease)

Cover and concealment

Concealment- hides or distorts you from your observer, doesnt stop bullets like fences Cover- provides protection from bullets during armed confrontation (

Referrals to RSAT/ITF

Any offender referred to an ITF must have a co-occurring/dual diagnosis.

Friends and family support

Al-Anon-families share their stories of effects of alcohol use Alateen- adolescents and young people affected by others alcohol use Nar-Anon- relative or friend with an addiction to any substance.

Aryan Nation/White Supremacists

Aryan Brotherhood is a racist prison gang, less organized once out of prison. Identifiers- nazi ss, swastika, three leaf clover, number 14 88

Recent court decisions regarding sudden ICDs Ashworth v. Round lake beach PD 2005

Ashworth v. Round lake beach PD 2005 -officers placed 270-pound man into handcuffs behind his back and later had trouble breathing. The officers failed to call paramedics until 6 minutes later. Family claimed he died from asphyxiation (cardiac arrhythmia) -ruling: not unconstitutional to handcuff obese person, light markings on persons wrists less than a day after doesn't support that handcuffs were excessively tight, the deceased stated he was sick/needed medication but the officers did not know what time of medication he needed, positional asphyxia was not the cause of contributing factor of death, jury found officers violated the man's right to due process by waiting 6 minutes to call ambulance (they were aware he was having trouble breathing and needed medication)

10 thinking errors

Attitude of ownership- no concept of the ownership rights of others, use others Uniqueness- believe that they are different and better than others (hate failure) Power/control- need to be in control, use manipulation and deceit, hate dependency unless using a person Closed thinking- not receptive to new ideas, not critical thinkers (fail to explore multiple options), good at finding fault in others, lie by omission Victim Stance- always the victim, blaming others for their circumstances Superior Self image- focus only on their positive attributes and behaviors, build themselves up at others expense Lack of effort- unwilling to do anything boring, repetitive or disagreeable Lack of interest in responsible performance- find responsible living to be unexciting, only like immediate reward activities, and they have no sense of obligation or duty Fear of fear- have fears but fail to admit, fear of injury/death, fear of being put down Lack of perspective- do not use past experiences as learning tools, expect others to act immediately on demand, and make decisions on assumptions not facts

Avoid, Alter, adapt, or accept

Avoid unnecessary stress- learning to say no, knowing limits, limit the amount of time around a certain person who causes stress, avoid certain topics that cause conflict, if in a stressful situation use breathing techniques Alter the situation- if stressful situation cant be avoided attempt to alter it, if there is a same problem learn how to change in communication and work habits, express feelings instead of bottling them up, compromise with someone/ if you want someone to change you should too. Adapt to the stressor- if they cant change the stressor the person should learn to change themselves, adapt to stressful situations by reframe problems (pause and regroup), look at bigger picture (how important it will be in the long run), and attitude adjustment. Accept the unchangeable- dont stress over things you cant control like others behaviors but focus on your reaction . Look at the situation as personal growth, learn to forgive and not hold onto negative energy

Terrorism in correctional facilities

CII strives to improve the ability of correctional agencies to recognize, collect and exchange information concerning potential terrorism operations, indicators and/or suspicious activity Goals: -Enhance- enhance collaborative efforts and networking with Joint Terrorism Task Force and state/local law enforcement -Collect- collect and exchange information regarding potential terrorism intelligence inside correctional settings -Detect- detect, deter, and disrupt terrorist groups and radicalization

Principles of effective interventions-evidenced based practices

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is the objective, balanced, and responsible use of current research and the best available data to guide policy and practice decisions, so that outcomes for consumers (in this case: offenders, victims, survivors, communities, etc) are improved. An evidence-based approach involves an ongoing, critical review of research literature to determine what information is credible and what policies and practices would be most effective given the best available evidence

Types of Arrest (field arrests)

Field arrests- does not report to an office for arrest or is no longer responding to communication from the CSO -three officers should be present at arrest for their safety when searching residence, show badge to person answering the door, do a search of residence (doesnt need consent but cant break open door only with emergency circumstances), one officer remains with the occupants of the residence at all times, two officers search around, other officer cover the rear of the residence and assist with the search of the offender -search of employment- employeers assistance should be requested and the arrest should be done as privately as possible and out of sight of customers /employees. -arrests at a 3rd party residence- request homeowners permission to search for offender, if search is denied then the CSO requests a search warrant and should continue to monitor property -unexpected encounters in the field- warrant may be served with no less than 2 officers in the field, officers should wait for back up even if offender is in arrest status

Flexibility and Stretching

Flexibility- is the ability to move joints and use muscles through their full range of motion Stretching- must be done to decrease the resistance in tissue structures (prepares muscles for exercise and can boost flexibility, balance and coordination)

Supervising a mental health offender

If the mental health screening form indicates a need for a mental health referral/services, an on-site mental health counselor and/or approved designess will have the participant sign an informed consent and complete a mental health evaluation (MHE) within seven business days after arrival. Forms shall be placed in a separate mental health offender file. Then they can be handled accordingly

Consider other possibilities in situations other than mental illness such as alcohol or drug intoxication

If you (as an officer) does not know what is going on with a person in crisis, summon emergency medical assistance and use de-escalation techniques to help bring the person in crisis to a state where they will allow medical personnel to assist them

Interventions for offender unresponsiveness and non-compliance

Improved community supervision is critical to address corrections costs and reduce recidivism. Resources must be focused in the first 12 months of release because 2/3 of all inmate recidivism happens within that time. In order for officers to prevent this, officers must be provided (through policies and practices) with a broad range of options for sanctions that are proportionate to the violation and appropriate for the individual under supervision. The following cards are examples of negative behaviors of offenders and the corrective actions to take

Folks and people

In Chicago street gangs came out in the 1960s; one was Black P-Stone Rangers and the Black Gangster Disciple Nation. During the 1980s within prison walls gangs began to seperate into alliances. people who originally aligned with Black Gangster Nation became Folk Nation; people who originally aligned with Black P-Stone Nation became People Nation

MDMA- methlenedioxymethamphetamine

MDMA, also known as Ecstacy, X, hug drug, Adam, or GO can have effects ranging frm 4-6 hours -effects include paranoia, anxiety, depression, confusion, sleeplessness and cravings. -adverse physical effects include muscle tension, involuntary clenching, nausea, vomitting will contribute to dehydration, burred vision, feeling faint or dizzy, this drug effects the cooling system of the body

Three main sovereign citizen groups in GA: moorish nation, republic for the united states of america, and pembina nation little shell band

Moorish nation (biggest sovereign group in GA)- African Americans who believe they are descend from the sovereign race (Moroccan empire) Republic for the United States of America- the believe to represent the real american government, which US officials allegedly abandoned and replaced with a corporation; they intend to create a republic based on hard currency, common law and Christianity; identify themselves as rangers who carry firearms and weapons Pembina Nation little shell band- in north dakota they are self-proclaimed native american tribe that rejects the legitimacy of the US government; created its own officials (court officials, law enforcement, etc.); create fictitious forms of ID

DSM-5 Main Categories

Neurodevelopmental disorders- intellectual development disabilities -Thought disorders (the way you think)- schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder s -Affective/ Mood disorders (the way you feel- bipolar and related disorders; depressive disorders; anxiety disorders -Other - Trauma and stress related disorders

Mental disorders and the ABC's of psychology

Offenders with mental disorders are special population that needs trained staff to address their challenges. Roughly around 36,000 of supervised offenders are suffering from a mental disorder (which include disorders of thought or mood that cause mild to severe disturbances in behavior) -A= Affect (expression of feelings or emotions) -B= behavior (observable actions) -C= cognition = (thinking, dreaming, reasoning, planning, decision-making, etc.)

Georgia's deadly escape

On June 13 2017 several security lapses allowed two dangerous inmates on a GA prison transport bus to free themselves from their chains, get the two CO's guns and killed them to escape. The following are some of the mistakes made that day by the CO's: the gate that separates officers from inmates in the bus was not locked, the handcuffs were not double locked, the prisoners were left unattended in the bus twice that day, the officers were not wearing their guns (they were in boxes behind their seats), transporting inmates before day break (breaking procedure), did not search inmates before putting them on the bus, neither officer was wearing a protective vest, etc

Gangster Disciples aka GD

Part of the Folk Nation; like the colors blue and black; primary identifiers= 6 pointed star, 3 or 6 point crown, heart with wings, pitchfork Extremely organized, are known to have penetrated local and state law enforcement and are present in the US military; will attempt to turn the gang into a political movement at some point Not allowed to flaunt any symbols or colors that identify them as GD (no flag, no sag policy) Often times they will not claim to be in a gang but a community support group better know as Growth and Development

Other anonymous groups (12 step)

Pills anonymous (PA)- 10 states, to help individuals recover from pill addictions Nicotine anonymous- in 40 countries and throughout the US, help individuals trying to quit nicotine use Crystal meth anonymous (CMA)- throughout the US, Canada, and Australia; helps recover from addictions to crystal meth Dual recovery anonymous (DRA)- for individuals with both a substance use disorder and a co-occuring psychiatric disorder. The focus is to assist recovery from addictions but also focuses on people with dual diagnosis

Stages of use (meth)

Rush- initial response to use of meth, intense pleasure (like having many orgasms), lasts 5-30 minutes High- strong feelings of superiority, believe that they are smarter, omniscience, assert their authority/argumentative for 4-16 hours Binge- this is the perpetuation of the high by using the drug more and more, they achieve less and less of the high each time they use, the binge last 3-15 days and often don't sleep Tweaking- greatest concern for law enforcement, due to the lack of sleep they are irritable and irrational, they will not appear high but their eyes move faster than normal, faster speech, over exaggerate movements, extreme paranoia, aggression, and officers need to maintain a proper reactionary gap Crash- when there is no more epinephrine in the body's system the body shuts down in order to recuperate. They may sleep for 1 to 3 days straight Normal- when the person wakes up from their crash, they are back to "normal" and this stage lasts until their next use Withdrawal- they may not experience withdrawal until 30 to 90 days without use. they will become depressed, lose the ability to experience pleasure, fall into depression, the desire to use is so intense they may be suicidal, once they use these symptoms cease.

Scheduling of drugs

Schedule 1= the most potent substance, with substances of lesser potency listed repressively through schedule V -drugs or substances are considered "controlled" when they have the potential for abuse

Ritalin & Adderall

Schedule II narcotic- its is a stimulant that affects chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control it can cause visual hallucinations, suicidal thoughts, psychotic behavior, aggression, violent behavior, nervousness, insomnia, anorexia, loss of appetite, pulse changes, heart problems, and weight loss

Signs of symptoms of autism

Social- avoid eye contact, trouble relating to others, difficulty playing social games, hard to show emotions Communication- delay in babbling and speaking sudden stop or regression in learning to speak, delays in understanding language or repeating words or phrase behaviors/associated disorders- repetitive behaviors, fixation or engaging in a singular activity over and over, gastrointestinal disorders (constipated, diarrhea, etc.), seizure disorders and difficultly sleeping, sensory processing difficulties

Schizophrenia actions

Speech- with schizophrenia people may switch from one topic to another (derailment or loose associations), answers to questions may be obliquely related or complete unrelated (tangentiality), speech may be severely disorganized (incomprehensible and receptive aphasia in its linguistic disorganization aka word salad) Behavior- disorganized or abnormal behavior (childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation). Problems in goal-directed behaviors (affecting activities in everyday life) Catatonic behavior- marked decrease in reactivity to the environment (ranges from resistance to instructions to maintaining a rigid, inappropriate or bizarre posture, lack of verbal and motor responses. Catatonic excitement- purposeless and excessive motor activity without obvious cause. Two common negative symptoms of schizophrenia are Diminished emotion expression and Avolition -Diminished emotional expression includes reductions in the expression of emotions in the face, eye contact, intonation of speech (prosody), and movements of the hand, head, and face that normally give an emotional emphasis of speech. -Avolition is a decrease in motivated self initiated purposeful activities. The individual may sit for long periods of time and show little interest in participating in work or social activities.

Domestic violence cycle of abuse

Tension- abuser become agitated and engages in minor incidents of abuse (victim tries to placate abuse by staying quiet and following order) Abuse- abuser explodes, engages in serious, violent abuse (victim blames himself/herself for provoking) sometimes fights back or escapes Honeymoon stage- the abuser apologizes for the abuse, begs for forgiveness and shows sorrow, says it will never happen again Calm-abuser behaves as if abuse never happened and keeps earlier promises (victim believes abuse is over) (calm before the storm)

DSM- 5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is the handbook used by health care professionals in the US and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders -contains descriptions, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders

DBHDD

The Georgia Department of behavior health and developmental disabilites provides treatment and support services to people with mental health challenges, substance use disorders, and assists individuals who live with intellectual and developmental disabilities -intellectual disability= 70 or below IQ score (causes for intellectual disabilities are chromosomal or other genetic disorders, prenatal conditions, childhood illness or injuries, and environmental factors such as poverty, malnutrition and lead poisoning

Georgia Controlled Substances Act Code Title 16 Chapter 13

The Georgia controlled substances act is modeled after the federal controlled substances act, but differs in methods and length of punishment. -Georgia controlled substance act is usually considered by experts to be scaled between moderate and severe regarding punishment for narcotics and dangerous drugs. (we have mandatory sentencing) -it has 5 schedules; the scheduling of substances also considers the possibility of psychological or physical dependence. - a summary of the Act states it is unlawful for any person to possess or have under his control, manufacture, deliver, distribute, dispense, administer, sell or possess with intent to distribute any controlled substance.

Response to resistance reports

The US supreme court of Graham v connor 490 US 386 (1989) established "objective reasonableness" as the standard for all applications of force in the US. -this guide is designed to assist officers in articulating the facts of a use of force incident -the court specified four factors (referred to as graham factors) which assist in determining reasonableness of force (if it is reasonable or not) 1)severity of crime 2)danger to officers or others 3)resisting arrest 4)attempting to evade -reports should always include facts, not conclusions

Suspicious activity reporting

The suspicious activity reporting initiative is designed to increase the effectiveness of federal, state, local and tribal law enforcement professionals in identifying, reporting, evaluating, and sharing pre-incident terrorism indicators.

Offender Supervision Requirements

There are four levels of active supervision: specialized, high, standard, and DRC. -Specialized: the highest risk cases and will consist of offenders with special risk and needs (sex offenders and mental health offenders). The specialized caseload ratio will be no more than 50 offenders to 1 officers but 40/1 is recommended. Need to have 2 f/f per month (1 must be at residence), 1 collateral interaction per month, monthly employment verification, monthly residence verification -High: the second highest in risk and need, have a risk score between 6 and 10. Cases that are also classified as high are electronic monitoring cases and any other cases that a Chief CSO determines should be high. Need to have 1 f/f field interaction per month, 1 collateral interaction per month, monthly employment verification, monthly residence verification -Standard: are low in risk and need (consists of offenders with a risk score between 1-5). Need to have 1 f/f every 90 days either in office or field, 1 collateral interaction every 90 days, 1 employment and residence verification every quarter (90 days) -Contact: a sub-level of standard are the lowest level cases in risk and needs are are offenders with a risk score between 1-3. Eligibility requirements for an offender to be put under contact supervision are: 120 days violation free, gainfully employed (if employable), negative drug screen, clear rapsheet, non sex offender. Need 1 telephone interaction per month -DRC- consists of all phase 1 and phase 2 participants of the DRC programs. Must be kept separate in order to maintain program integrity in the way that the participants are supervised. Need 2 f/f interactions per month in the field (1 must be at residence), 1 collateral interaction per month, monthly employment and residence verification

Tolerance and Withdrawal

Tolerance- is either needed an increasing amount of the drug to achieve intoxication or the desired effect or diminshed effect with continued use of the same amount Withdrawl- the physical symptoms that occur when drug use is stopped (neasea, sweating, shakiness and extreme anxiety **important to not that neither tolerance nor withdrawal is necessary for a disgnosis of a substance use disorder

Sovereign Citizen common beliefs

Two types: fourteenth amendment citizens and sovereign citizens -fourteenth amendment citizens are subect to the laws and taxes of the federal and state governments -sovereign citizens- who are subject only to the common law -they believe they have freedom from taxes, regulations, ordinances or zoning restrictions -they believe all branches of government are illegitimate and believe they are illegal and immoral laws (they reject the authority of judges, legislators, tax authorities and law enforcement) -they engage in non-violent criminal acts often directed at government officials, trying to intimidate and harass them (fraud and redemption schemes, imposing commercial liens on government official's home and personal property); they can be violent during traffic stops and warrants

Classification of body armor

Type 1- the lightest weight and is the minimum level of protection available and offers protection from lighter rounds of ammo .22 bullet Type II-A = heavier than type 1 and is most commonly used level of protection nationwide (protect against .9mm and .40 bullet Type II - slightly thicker and heavier than type II-a, higher velocity 9mm bullet and .357 magnum Type III-A= heaviest of concealable personal body armor, protects 44 magnum or bullets 1400 fps of less Type III and Type IV = defeat rifle fire and not used to be concealable or worn for extended periods of time

Warning signs of elder abuse (victim) and (perpetrator)

Victim 1)frequent injuries or unexpected bruises, welts or cuts 2) child or elder is always on alert 3) injuries appear to have a pattern (hand, belt, cord, rope) 4) child or elder shies away from touch, flinches at sudden movements, or seems afraid of parents or caregiver Perpertrator 1)offers conflicting, unconvincing or no explanation for child or elder injury 2) describes the child or elders as evil, hateful, or negative ways 3) uses harsh physical discipline with child or elder 4) has a history of abuse as a child

Ghostface Gangsters

White only gang. The gang is split into two factions: 1) Aryan Brotherhood and the Ku Klux Klan 2) Folk nation, which includes the Gangster Disciples -identifiers- phrases like Krack, Fam, HooGee, GFG (Ghostface Gangsters), VG (Vanilla Guerrilla), tattoos using ghost faces, numbers 7-6-7, color green

Indicators of EDP

a person in need of intervention often shows indicators through verbal cues, behavioral cues, and environmental ques 1)verbal: -illogical thoughts: sharing a combination of unrelated or abstract topics; thoughts of being threatened; preoccupation with other thoughts -unusual speech patterns: nonsensical speech; repetition of a word; slow speaking -verbal hostility or excitement: talking loud; argumentative; belligerent; threatening to harm self or others 2)behavioral: -physical appearance: inappropriate clothing for environment; bizarre clothing -bodily movements: strang posture or mannerisms; sluggish; pacing; -hallucinations: seeing, smelling, or hearing things that cannot be confirmed -confusion about or unaware of surroundings: experiencing delusions, dementia -causing injury to self: banging head; cutting; hitting self -Inappropriate or lack of emotional response: overreacting; reacting opposite of expected emotion; no emotion at all 3)environmental: -decorations: strange trimmings; misuse of household items -waste matter/trash: hoarding; presence of feces or urine on the floor or walls -presence of childish objects

House Bill 965: Georgia 911 Medical Amnesty Law Chapter 13, Title 16, 16-13-5

a person seeking medical assistance for a drug overdose themselves or another shall not be arrested, charges or prosecuted for the following violations of law 1) possession of a controlled substance if the aggregate weight is less than four grams of solid substance less than one milliter of liquid substance or if the substance is placed onto a secondary medium with a combined weight of less than 4 grams 2)possess of less than one ounce of marijuana 3) possess and use of drug related objects 4) violation of a permanent or temporary protective order or restraining order 5) violation of a condition of pretrial release, condition of probation, or condition of parole based on a drug violation

De-escalation is important because

a reduction in use of force incidents reduces community complaints, promotes the perception of procedural justice and promotes resolution of events with the public's compliance

De-escalation

a reduction of the level of intensity of a situation -can be used to help persons who are experiencing either a mental health or person crisis that exceeds the individual's ability to cope -in situations that need de-escalating, persons are controlled by emotions rather than logical thinking -It is highly recommended that officers attempt to de-escalate situations, but some actions by persons do not allow for such tactics to take place (at this point take physical action)

Search liability

a search conducted without the presence of reasonable grounds, under the color of law, would constitute a deprivation of constitutionally protected right (unreasonable search and seizure); could lead to officer being criminally charged; this is willfully depriving someone of constitutionally protected rights -can be held civilly liable under Title 42 USC 1983

anaerobic exercise

a short duration, high intensity exercise -can only continue for short periods of time since the muscles require oxygen to maintain prolonged exertion (excercises include jumping, sprinting, high-intensity interval training, powerlifting, etc. -burns fat more efficiently and directly -increase metablism and gradually builds more muscle -should be performed 10-20 minutes two to three times a week combined with 30 minutes of aerobic exercise about 5 times a week

Domestic extremism the lone offender

a single individual driven to hateful attacks based on a particular set of belief's without a larger group's knowledge or support -most domestic attacks are by lone wolves -participants are ideologically motivated or inspired by a leader or movement (no connection or chain of command to the leader or organization)

Drugs

any chemical substance, including alcohol, which affects a person in such a way as to bring about physiological, emotional, or behavioral change *drug abuse is the misuse of any substance or drug

Endurance training

ability to perform repeated muscle contractions for a given period of time, or the ability to extend the period of time before muscular fatigue occurs - a person should work out with lighter weights and perform more reprtitons and more sets.

mood disorder: bipolar disorder (manic/depression)

aka manic depression, bipolar disorder causes extreme shifts in mood. -people can feel great and then plunging into a deep depression -the length of each high and low varies greatly from person to person. -symptoms: mood swings from elation to depression, elevated mood, euphoria, irritability or anger, substance abuse, paranoia, racing thoughts, hyperactivity, and reckless behavior, loud and flamboyant, outrageous behavior. -can be misdiagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia

U-47700 Synthetic Opioid

aka pink or pinky -8 times more powerful than morphine and it is still legal under federal law and was being shipped to US from China -equivalent to heroine, prescription opioids, and other novel opioids. -can be a single substance or mixed with heroin/fentanyl -often manufactured in illicit labs overseas -in 2017 it was classified as schedule I

Most commonly abused drug?

alcohol -17.6 million people suffer from alcohol abuse or dependence or one in every 12 adults

Property and evidence

always transfer property to local law enforcement and only store property when no other options exist -if you must store, follow protocols

Mood disorder: post traumatic stress disorder

an anxiety disorder that is triggered by an event such as violence, a car accident, a natural disaster, and more. Affects one person or a group of people (soldiers experiences is called shell shock= flashbacks, emotional detachment, jumpiness and more) -feel anxious, afraid, guilty, or suspicious. These emotions may play out physically in the form of chills, shaking, headaches, heart palpitations, ad panic attacks

Criminal gang activity

any crimes committed by any of the members of the gang that either benefits the gang or benefits the offender's status within the gang -tradition gang crimes include robbery, theft, extortion/protection rackets, protitution and drug sales have been supplemented with crimes such as white collar tax fraud, etc. -Drug sales makes up 75% of revenue for criminal gang members -white collar crime is emerging because offenders recieve less time, less leo attention, and potential money to be made is much higher

Barricaded person

any individual who is in a location made inaccessible to law enforcement and others by that person and that person is reasonably believed to have threatened suicide or threatened to inflict or has inflicted serious bodily injury or death on hostages, law enforcement officer, or others -can be sheets, mattress, or furniture -seeing individual with a weapon or the person threatening to inflict violence whether a weapon was saw or not What officers should do: 1) attempt to avoid confrontation and loss of life or the escape of the suspect unless exigent circumstances are present 2) each situation is different, disengage from situation and seek more advantageous position 3) do not engage in negotiations (dont have authority to make promises or give into demands)

Aerobic fitness (cardiovascular fitness)

any worjout that promotes the conditioning of the cardiovascular system (heart, blood vessels, and lungs) and increases the amount of oxygen in the body - walking, running, jumping rope, swimming, dancing, etc. -targets the burning of fat; these exercises draw energy from glycogen and fat -glycogen is used when exercise has a short duration but higher in intensity -fa is used as fuel when exercise is sustained and lower in intensity

Criminal thinking

are closed off from being receptive, are closed to any interest in being self-critical and also shut down from disclosing the truth about their destructive behavior -need to accept the role they play in every negative consequence that they encounter

Hybrid or homegrown gangs aka cliques or tangos

are small gangs based on locale, which can be a street, apartment complex, or neighborhood. They may be difficult to validate because not all of the names are in portal. Most of the local gangs fall under a wider family of gangs, but the offender may not self identify with a national gang.

Drug overdoses

are the leading cause of death among Americans under the age of 50. -6 out of 10 overdose death involve opioids -half of all opioid overdoses involve prescription opioid. -the overdose death number has tripled since 2010 -drug overdoses now exceed deaths due to motor vehicle crashes, which is the first time ever since the government began tracking drug related deaths in 1979. -1 in 4 people who receive opioids long term for non-cancer pain or primary care settings are likely to struggle with addiction -Georgia is the top 11 state with the prescription opioid overdose deaths and has had an increase in overdose rates (effects more rural areas that have limited to substance use disorder treatment/ assistance)

Domestic terrorism

as a terrorist act involving groups based in, and operating entirely within, the US and its terrorities, without foreign direction -right-wing, left-wing, and special-interest terrorism

Low light shooting

as officers we should seek to improve our firearms skills beyond what is required for qualification. -65% of officer involved shootings occur in low light conditions so being familiar with some low light shooting techniques both with and without a flashlight are important

radical individuals

as persons who encourage, endorse, condone, justify, or support the commission of a violent act or other crimes against the US government, its citizens, or its allies for political, social or economic ends

Domestic Violence

assaultive and coercive behaviors that can be physical, sexual, and psychological attacks by an intimate partner -domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women between ages 15-44 in the US (more than car accidents, muggings, and rapes combined) -20 people are physically abused by an intimate partner every minute -1 in 3 women have been victim to physically abuse by an intimate partner; common among women 18-24 -domestic violence accounts for 15% of all violent crime - domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner -domestic victiminzation is correlated with higher rate of depression and suicidal behavior

Abscond/TRW status

attempts to locate the offender at the listed residence and place of employment, a search of the PHS and Scribe for possible contacts and the result of those calls, record checks at the local jails, and finally a dated record check should be run and documented as follows

Georgia Street Gang Terrorism and Prevention Act (O.C.G.A. 16-15-3;16-15-4;16-15-5;16-15-6;16-15-7;16-15-8;16-15-9;16-15-10;16-15-11;)

attempts to stifle the growth of gangs. If you do something illegal in support for a gang then you could be incarcerated for 5-15 years or have a $10,000-$15,000 fine -they will conduct asset forfeiture in order to deter the gang from doing those activities -general sentences for crimes, threats towards other, reward for others who have information on a group or specific crime committed by gang, etc.

The spectrum

autism is known as "spectrum" disorder because there as a wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms people experience (happens to all races)

Body armor configuration

ballistic panels- they are bullet resistant, when stuck with a bullet the person may hear a dull thud if the bullet didnt penetrate the panel Core pannels and trauma plate- made of tough material but can conform to variety of shapes, can put it in a variety of places (backpack, computer bag, etc.), can be worn all the time NIJ Certified level IV rifle plate- 10x12, shooter cut, nominal width x length 10.0 x 12.0 inches, thinkness .9 inches, weight=7.4 lbs -manufacturers info tag on panels should face the officer's body, and trauma plates provides extra protection to center mass shots *****knives can penetrate most vests, vests are meant to be able to defeat your current duty ammunition

Proteins

beans and peas, eggs, lean meat, fish supply proteins, nuts and seeds are apart of protein. -lean protein is the best like pork loin, tenderloin, center loin and ham, boneless and skinless chicken breast and turkey cutlets

Stress characteristics

body's way of responding to any kind of demand (good and bad experience) -chemicals are released into the blood during stressful situation giving someone more energy and strength especially if physical danger is involved. -if someone experiences stress for long period of time it can become long term causing health problems (can cause depression, frustration, anger, helplessness, irritability, defensiveness, irrationality, overreaction, or impatience) -caregivers need to have total control of thoughts, feelings, and actions -Stressful home environment- the child/elder may self blame and experience anxiety, anger and guilt; results in child/elder isloation, suffer from depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem; may turn to alcohol and drugs to cope

Characteristics of bomb

bomb characteristics: may not have return address, mailed from foreign country, excessive postage, misspelled words, lopsized or uneven stamps, odor (almonds smell is marzipan), bulky, oily stains, discoloration or crystalization on wrapper what to do with suspicious package- dont move package, inform supervisior, evacuate, call 911

Explosive and bomb threats

bomb threats are generally a hoax (used to disrupt normal business operations) -Officers should not hang up, keep the caller on the phone= get as much info as possible and write it down -remain calm- stay calm, getting hysterical can cause others or yourself to get injuried -Direct someone to contact 911- get co-worker to call 911 of bomb threat, don't say outloud to co-worker to call 911 (use writing or gestures), 911 will give evacuation procedures and other information (use bomb threat checklist) -notify the on site supervisor (they shall call 911) and the chief or designee needs to evaluate the threat and evacuate if necessary (evacuate 1000 feet from building -once threat is ceased then the officer should survey their respective work areas and make sure contents and fixtures are normal in appearance. bomb threat situation will be reevaluated and appropriate measure taken

weight loss

burn more calories than you comsume, reduce sugar intake, stay away from foods that are high in fact (saturated fats), should eat foods high in protein and carbohydrates.

National gangs

can be more or less organized, but there is normally some form of structure and accountability. -these gangs are intrastate meaning that there is information and money flowing across state lines -they have heavy presence in prison as well as on the street - can have a very loose leadership style with divergent histories or they can be extremely structured -violence can be internal and external

Hallucinogens Symptoms of use

can cause auditory, sensory, and visual hallucinations. -the abuser can taste or hear colors, see words coming out of someone's mouth. -cause severe depression and overwhelming sadness, inability to focus, involuntary smacking, licking, or pursuing.

effective coping skills

change the situation or change your reaction to the situation -avoid, alter, adapt, or accept

co- occuring disorders

coexistence of both mental health and substance use disorder (can have biological, psychological, and social components) -were previously referred to as dual diagnoses -people with mental illness are more likely to experience an alcohol or substance use disorder than people without mental illness -lack of diagnosed, untreated, or under treated co-occurring disorders can lead to higher likelihood of homelessness, incarceration, medical illnesses, suicide, and even early death -mental health disorders are 4 times higher in CJ populations (bipolar and schizophrenia- have greater impairment in psycho social skills, less likely to enter and successfully complete treatment, and are at greater risk for criminal recidivism and relapse)

De-escalation techniques

communication is key. The following techniques will help officers deal with persons in crisis 1) introduce yourself: introduction promotes an open dialogue 2) "I" statements: convey that the officer is listening, has understanding, and cares; ex: "i can see you are upset/angry""I am here to help you""I have time to listen" 3) restating statement: restate their words to demonstrate you are listening and add something to it of your own 4) reflection: process of paraphrasing and restating both the feelings and words of the person speaking in order to allow the person the hear their own thought and to focus on what they feel, to have the officer percieve the world as the person in crisis does, to encourage the person to keep talking; there are two types *Mirroring: repeating almost exactly what was said; dont do this too much, it can be distracting *Paraphrasing: using other words to reflect what the person said; be careful not to introduce your own ideas

Relapse

complex and persistent effects on the brain and behavior -the longer an individual refrains from drug use (abstinence) the less likely they are to relapse -over 1/3 of people with less than a year of abstinence will sustain relapse -2/3 of people 2-3 of abstinence will not return the substance -after 5 years only 14% resume use

personality conflicts

conflict between coworkers

Factors to consider when thinking about de-escalation or during

consider safety, environment, and time to decide with de-escalation is appropriate 1) safety: -pre-attack indicators: threats, argumentative, removing clothing, taking a fighting stance, hesitation in response -presence of weapons: determine if person has any weapons -distance: keep a safe distance during encounter -presence of victims or innocent bystanders: have partner remove them and gather info from them -get backup: crisis situations require more than one person 2) environment- when making approach scan the area for threats; ensure you have the tactical advantage 3) time- take time to make an assessment before intervening Pros- allows adrenaline to subside; allows for more resources to arrive; time to formulate plan; evacuate any bystanders Cons- may empower subject

Substance use disorder severity

defined as mild, moderate or severe to indiciate the level of severity, which is determined by the number of diagnostic criteria met by an individual Mild- presence of 2-3 symptoms Moderate- 4-5 symptoms Severe- 6 or more symptoms

What is wellness

defined as the quality or state of being healthy in body and the mind, especially as the result of deliberate effort. -wellness is created through a balance of different areas in your life including physical, spiritual, emotional and social.

level of care (LOC)

derived from generally accepted standards of behavioral health practice in which a person's needs are clinically assessed and type, duration, and intensity of treatment is determined. 4 main levels of treatment for substance abuse 1) level 1- outpatient services (assessment and field officer matrix group) -this provides one or more hours of group counseling per week and when combined with drug testing this level is adequate for many offenders who have mild substance use disorder 2) intensive outpatient services (day reporting center) -those who dont refrain from drug use in outpatient programs are referred to the second level or intensive outpatient services. These are 9 hours per week classes. 3) residential services (rsat, ITF) -community based (house participants) and prison based programs -community based- they are required to keep a job and have to attend self-help meetings in their off hours. They may not work for the first few weeks. -Prison based programs- most restrictive and are 9 month programs and provide 20 hours per week of treatment 4) medically managed intensive inpatient services (psychiatric hospital) -most comprehensive and intensive -offers 24 hour medically directed evaluation, care and treatment, and daily meeting with a physician. They address substance use disorders treatments and also address co-occurring disorders -this level looks to stablize the individual and prepare them for transfer to less robust level of care for their recovery

Elder and child abuse types Physical violence v. discipline

discipline is used to teach right from wrong and correct a behavior that is not acceptable (clear boundaries and rules; done through love and compassion) -physical abuse- consists of parent or caregiver behaviors that are unpredictable, bursts of anger, and use fear for control measures -physical discipline- controlled actions and includes predictability -abuse can happen when the child or elder walks on eggshells and never knows what behavior will set off the caretaker

Always call for assistance when dealing with a person in crisis

do not try to handle this alone -it is always better (if force needs to be taken) to create a safer environment for the person in crisis and the officers -officers should call The GA Crisis and Access Line (GCAL) in order to ensure the person in crisis receives the best treatment. GCAL can provide intervention services over the phone, dispatch mobile crisis teams, assist persons in finding open crisis or detox beds, link persons with urgent appointment services

Schedule V

drug or substances that have a low potential for abuse relative to those substances in schedule IV. They have a current medical use in the US. They also have limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to schedule IV Ex: robitussin, lomotil (treats diarrhea)

Schedule III

drugs or other substances have a potential for abuse less than those in I & II. They have a current use in treatment in the US. These substances may lead to a moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence Ex: anabolic steriods, codeine, hydrocodone (lortab, vicodin, tussionex)

Schedule I

drugs or substance that have a high potential for abuse. Have no current medical use in the US. There is a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or substance under medical supervision Ex: heroin, LSD, marijuana, methaqualone (Quaalude), ecstacy, GHB

Schedule II

drugs or substance with a high potential for abuse. They have a current accepted medical use in treatment in the US or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions. Abuse of the substance may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence Ex: morphine, PCP, cocaine, methadone, methamphetimine, oxycodone

Schedule IV

drugs or substances have a low potential for abuse relative to those substances in schedule III. They do have use in current medical use in treatment in the US. They also have limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to schedule III Ex: valium, xanax, ativan, halcion

DCS STG supervision

effective supervision of gang members is vital to officer safety. Are a low # of individual on caseloads but can make a lot of problems. Officer challenges: identify gang members, prevent gang association, address the issues that drove them to the gang in the first place Gang members need more employment assistance than most returning offenders or they will gravitate towards what they are familiar with (which is gang activity)

Supervision outcomes and roles

every interaction is an opportunity to model pro-social behavior. The Risk, Need Responsivity (R-N-R) Blended Supervision Model helps us to see that by blending both law enforcement and counseling into our interactions and interventions we will interrupt the cycle of re-arrest and revocation to achieve successful discharge outcomes.

Cocaine

extracted from coca leaves, originally developed as a pain killer; often sniffed (powder absorbs into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues) -two main forms: 1) crack (smoked; boiled with baking soda to make rocks) 2) powder (snorted) -freebase cocaine is a completely different chemical process (created with ammonia); has to be smoked in order to be ingested into the body, almost 100% pure -first used in 1859 as an antidote for morphine addiction, but lead to another addiction

Dairy

have to have calcium content to be considered dairy (milk, hard natural cheeses, soft cheeses, processed cheeses and yogurt. -provide protein, vitamins and minerals and calcium -

Mental illnesses

health conditions involving changes in thinking, emotion, or behavior (can be a combination of these). are associated with distress and or problems functioning in work, family, or social activities -19% of US population has mental illness; of that 19%, 4.1% have serious mental illness & 8.5% have a substance abuse disorder -majority of mental illnesses begin before the age of 24

What contribute to poor health in employees?

high stress, poor eating habits, and lack of activity

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

is a developmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. Can be diagnosed at any age, however, it is said to be a "developmental disorder" because symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life Symptoms include: 1) difficulty with communication and interaction with other people, 2) restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, and 3) symptoms that hurt the person's ability to function properly in school, work, and other areas of life - people with this have difficultly with social communication and interaction, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors -they have sleep problems and irritability -they may be good in learning things in detail and remember information for long periods of time, being strong visual and auditory learners, excelling in math, science, music, or art

Elder abuse

is a general term used to describe certain types of harm to older adults. this definition does NOT include criminal activity against older person such as home break-in, street mugging, etc. -single or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person -for every one case of elder abuse is reported there are 5 cases not reported -90% of perpetrators are family members (9% grandchildren, 47% adult children, 19% spouses, 9% other relatives, 6% siblings, 6% friend/neighbor, 3% in-home provider, 1% out of home provider)

Gang

is a group of three or more individuals who may have a common identifying sign, symbol or name, and who individually or collectively, engage in, or have engaged in criminal activity, or as a juvenile committs an act that if committed by an adult would be a criminal act.

PCP

is a white crystalline powder that readily dissolves in water or alochol and has a distinctive bitter chemical taste. -comes in tablets, capsules, and colored powders. TCP or tenocyclidine has 10-20 times the intensity of PCP. -these drugs interact with neuroreceptors in the brain responsible for dreams, pain, sensory perceptions, stimulant effects and pleasure (psychostimulants and hallucinogens) Symptoms- anxiety, extreme pain, fear, aggressiveness, feelings of strength or invulnerability, memory loss, disorientation, loss of coordination, distinct changes in body awareness, combativeness or violence, numbness, termors, increased strength, increase in blood plessure/heart rate/body temperature/ seizures, etc., paranoia, illusions, hallucinations, delusions

Reasonable grounds

is considered to be less than probable cause, but is more than mere speculation. -includes releasee's appearance and actions; DCS officers knowledge of the releasee's history as well as the officer's training and experience

Stress

is our body's response to any kind of demand; often occurs in response to situation that are percieved as being difficult to handle or threatening eustress- outlet to express our talent and energies and helps us to pursue happiness distress- stress causes illness and mellows down our strength

Overdose

is the amount of substance which produces a dangerous reaction. This dangerous reaction can take several forms: severly low breathing rate, sometimes panic reactions (especially with PCP, stimulants and/or hallucinogens), suspicious and/or afraid, stupor or coma, death

Opium and derivatives

is the coagulated juice of the poppy plant. (big O, black stuff, block, gum, hop) -it is grown in Laos, Cambodia, Burma, and Mexico. - it is soft putty-like substance to a hard brittle substance and can be smoked or chewed -they are often used as pain relievers and are safe/best if prescribed. -three acres of poppy plants can produce ten kilos of opiates -this plan is an annual plant meaning it only grows for one season -common types of opiodids are codeine, lortab, oxycontin, vicodin, and hydromorphone (used for migraine headaches, intractable cancer pain and burns)

Basal Metabolic rate

is the number of calories you would burn with no activity BMI= body mass index is the measurement of body weight that is based on height and weight.

Mental health offenders after being assessed

level 3 (moderate functional impairment- supportive living unit) or higher (4 (serious FI-supportive living unit), 5 Extreme FI- crisis stabilization, 6- Hospitalization) will be able to join an integrated treatment facility. Level 1 (no mental health services) & 2 (outpatient services while living in the GP population) -be aware of these levels because they are the levels of care for offenders before being released from prison.

transporting an opposite gender offender to and from a hearing

it is preferred that at least one same gender officer participate in the transport. When this is not possible officers should get assistance from another circuit or local LEO. if no one is available to help with the transport the transporting officer must document the odometer reading and time when they depart and arrival at the destination in the vehicle log. avoid making stops during this, if a stop is completely necessary then the officer must record in the vehicle log: time of stop, location of stop, purpose for stop, time of departure from stop. the coordinating chief must be called prior to departure and immediately upon arrival of these transports with opposite gender of offender from officer. -before transportation begins a high risk search must be conducted by same gender is possible (from other circuit or local LEO). if not possible then the search should be conducted with the back of the hand and another officer should video the search with an agency cell phone in the event that a complaint is made by the offender

Child and elder abuse

it is the severe maltreatment of a child or elder by a parent, caregiver, guardian, or other adult responsible for the individuals welfare.

Transporting offenders not in custody

it may be necessary for officers to transport offenders who are not in custody (the purpose of this transport is to enhance an offender's successful re-enty into the community). offenders may need assistance with transportation relating to employment services, substance abuse counseling, and public assistance or securing legal documents. (one officer and transport one offender in a caged vehicle or two officers if no cage is in the vehicle or there is more than one offender; seat belts must be worn by all occupants)

Describing items

jewelry- describe ring in colors (not stone names or gold/silver) Money- make not of how many of each bill you have not a lump sum (ex. $168) Weapons- use rifle, shotgun, handgun, include ammo

Physical signs of marijuana use

large dilated pupils, slowed reaction time, blisters on the rear of the tongue/top of mouth, increase heart rate, red/bloodshot eyes, sluggish/laid back demeanor, rapid mood swings, short-term memory loss, difficulty in thinking, loss in coordination, loss of time perception, intoxicating euphoric feelings, increased appetite, and feelings of lethargy

Law enforcement agencies have become first responders to people experiencing mental health crisis

law enforcement needs to learn how to cope with these difficult calls for service and how to increase their safety in such situations -2 million jail bookings a year with mental illness -jail pop with mental illness: 15% male & 30% women -officer involved shootings: 1 out of 4 are involved with persons with mental illness

Benefits of de-escalation

learning to use de-escalation can save an officer's life because people in crisis do not make rational decisions -Other benefits include: 1) less chance of injury 2) officer safety 3) improved relationships (with community) 4) decreased complaints about law enforcment

Emotional abuse (children and elders)

leaves lifelong psychological scars and is defined as persistent infliction of anguish, pain or distress through verbal and/or nonverbal acts. -from insults to serious punishment -ex. persecution, scolding, belittlement, pestering, frequent yelling, threatening, bullying, name calling -can cause severe damage on child's mental health and social development Warnings that emotional abuse is occurring 1) often frightened of the abuser, fearful of angering or displeasing them 2) limits interaction with family and friends (sad) 3) shows extremes in behavior (extremely compliant, extremely demanding, extremely passive or aggressive) 4) shows no attachment to parents or caregiver 5) intentially inflicts self bodily harm 6) abuses alcohol or illicit drugs, uses as a coping mechanism

Why join?

most gang members are male, only 2-5% of gang members are female. The typical age range is from 8 to 22. -common belief is that people who become gangbangers have common characteristics of coming from a dysfunctional family and are searching for a place where they are accepted and comfortable. They may feel disconnected from society and the gang provides them with a sense of family and cohesion. The gang satisfies a void and provides the members with a sense of identity, belonging, power and protection *main reasons: - identify or recognition- allows members to achieve a level of status that is not available outside of the gang - warrior syndrome- members have a distorted view of themselves as warriors that need to protect their neighborhood from the rest of the world - protection- may join for protection from attack or threat of attack from violence - fellowship/brotherhood- provides a sense of belonging where their own family did not - intimidation- occurs when peer pressure forces someone to join gang, often for protection, and often from the gang itself

Possible indicators of ASD

mostly diagnosed in children, it can go undiagnosed until adolescence or adulthood. -being diagnosed can help quality of life of higher functioning autistic adults -adults may be nonverbal, not respond to commands, may cover their ears, look away, or run away when approached, may avoid eye contact, may be poor listeners, may repeat exactly what they hear, may have monotone voice with unusual pronunciations/inflections, appear argumentative, respond "no or yes" to all questions.

Qualities of a report

must be easily read and understand it style- different types of reports are completed based on the situation and the actual formats of these reports can vary Clarity- clear understanding of facts, events and final results of those events, being simple and direct as possible. Concise- must relate an event as it happened using minimal language. wordiness is a common fault in reports, dont use police jargan/codes accuracy- truthfulness, relevance and objectivity, report facts as he or she finds them, no bias Complete- relevancy (has all accurate facts), totality- all relevant details of incident or even are included), and form Legible- data may be confused due to poor typing, spelling mistakes and poor grammar spelling- make sure everything is spelled correctly, proofread the report and correct mistakes grammar- do not use long, complicated, and grammatically incorrect sentences trying to impress reader.

Body armor and national institute of justice

national institute of justice has been setting voluntary body armor standards since 1972. The NIJ standard is the only nationally accepted standard for the body armor worn by law enforcement and corrections officers. -classifies body armor by levels of ballistic performance

Distress

negative type of stress -stress that the mind and body undergoes when the normal routine is constantly adjusted and altered -causes from failing to adapt to the change through coping skills Two types 1) acute stress- comes immediately with changes our routine, it is an intense type of stress but passes quickly 2) chronic stress- occurs if there is a constant change in routine week after week, it effects the body long term * events are referred to as stressors

Neglect and Self Neglect of children and elders

neglect is an act of omission, specifically the pattern of failure by a parent or caregiver to provide the basic needs and proper level of care with respect to adequate food, clothing, shelter, hygiene, medical attention and supervision. Three types of neglect 1) active neglect- fails to meet physical, social and emotional needs of victim; intentionally fails to meet their obligations towards the victim 2) passive neglect- fails to meet physical, social and emotional needs of victim; the failure to care is unintentional toward victim 3) self-neglect- there is no perpetrator and neglect is the result of the person refusing care (due to physical impairments, mental impairments, diminished competence) ex. providing adequate food, clothing, shelter, and medical care, also is inability to maintain physical/mental/emotional health (THIS IS MOST LINKED TO ELDERS)

Developmental disorders

neurodevelopmental disorders, which are neuologically based conditions that can interfere with the acquisition, retention, or application of specific skills or sets of info -may involve dysfunction in attention, memory, perception, language, problem-solving, or social interaction -first symptoms appear some time in childhood -includes autism spectrum disorder (who are 7 times more likely to encounter LEO than others)

Health and Wellness

officers are 8 times more likely to commit suicide

Withdrawal symptoms of Heroin

often unable to control symptoms and will most likely relapse into use again -agitation and restlessness -stomach and muscle cramps -muscle pain and spasms, yawning and sneezing uncontrollable, vomiting, goose bumbs, diarrhea, insomnia, alternating chills and sweating, depression, loss of appetite

Fats and oils

oils are fats that are liquid at room temperature and come from different plants and fish -oils from plants do not contain cholesterol (sunflower, soybean, olive, cottonseed, corn and canola) -avocadoes, olives, and nuts -solids fats are oils contain more saturated and/or trans fat than oils (solid at room temperature like butter) - common types of solid fats are lard, chicken fat, tallow, milk fat, butter.

Child abuse

over 3 million reports of child abuse are filed each year -most child abuse cases involve multiple victims -over 5 children die a day from child abuse and are under the age of four -56% of child fatalities are a result of abuse (not reported as such on death certificates) -

workload

people who always respond to agendas, deadlines, and priorities of others can experience a deep sense of powerlessness. -focus on what you can control and rank priorities from most to least -unpleasant tasks cause stress, tackle these jobs first so that they are out of the way

Beliefs

people with self centered beliefs often result in lying or deception and reject society and responsible living -they refuse to do anything they disagree with -making decisions off of belief is based on assumptions -hears but does not listen

Who is at high risk of overdosing?

person who have a decreased tolerance after abstinence, such as release from jail, or relapse after detox or recovery are at a high risk for overdose -a opioid overdose can be reversed with the drug naloxone (given when possible signs of opioid overdose, breathing problems, severe sleepiess or not being able to respond) -narcan is given using the nasal spray

Property/evidence storage

photographing- photograph all evidence before it is transferred or stored packing- packaged in manila envelopes, brown paper bags used for larger items, if too large for brown bag then put a manila tag on it; the envelope or bag should be folded, stapled, and sealed with evidence tape syringes or needles should be placed in plastic vial before placed in envelope or bag labeling- write the GDC # or EF# of the offender (or name, address and phone number of the owner) using black permanent marker and the reciept of property/chain of custody should be stapled to the outside of the bag or tag; if there are multiple items a stored separately notation should be made on the receipt of property and copies will be placed on the items

Level one negative behaviors exhibited by offenders

positive drug screen, program/CS non-attendance, failure to report, moving without permission, failure to seek employment, etc corrective actions (for officers to take) that are appropriate: verbal warning, increased drug test frequency, curfew extension, short term incarceration, etc

Opioid: Heroin

potent derivative of morphine and induces sleep through depression of the central nervous system (drug is called horse, white horse, smack, black tar, chiva, skunk, thunder, hell dust, etc.) -heroin continues to increase in use in the past three years -comes in two forms: black tar and white powder -black tar is derived from Mexican opium plants -white powder heroin is from middle east and southeast Asia (less limited and higher price point) -heroine addiction can lead to malnutrition, infection, unintended injuries and diseases. -heroine can be ingested through snorting, injection, and smoking. (droopy eyes, lethargic behavior, low raspy voice, dry mouth, facial itching, etc.)

Integrated treatment

practitioners can address mental and substance use disorders at the same time, often lowering costs and creating better outcomes. -increasing awareness and building capacity in service systems are important in helping identify and treating co-occurring disorders -ITF (Integrated Treatment Facilities) is to idenity offenders with mental health and substance use disorders and to work collaboratively with local service providers to provide treatment and services (9 month program or until completion)- used to treat the whole person more effectively in order to reduce recidivism (has been proven to reduce substance use and arrests)

radicalization

process by which an individual or group come to adopt increasingly extreme political, social or religious ideals and aspirations that reject or undermine the status quo

How to store property/evidence and returning property

property security- do not store in personal desk, locker, vehicle, or home (you are liable for property) type of materials- perishable and hazardous or flammable materials such as gasoline, kerosene, benzene, pyrotechnics, and biohazards should never be stored in the office. * giving seized property back, there needs to be proof of ownership *when property is given back a returned of property form should be signed by the person and 2 officer witnesses and the document should be retained in the case file

Domestic violence protections

protective orders- ex parte order lasts 30 days until the court date, this is dangerous since the abuser now knows that the victim reached out for help, the judge determines if a protective order can be put into place lasting 12 months Family violence intervention- class the offender takes after being arrests for domestic violence charge, 24 week programs, if they participate they are less likely to recidivate Community resources- help victims and their children, finds ways to respond to and prevent domestic and sexual violence; the national coalition against domestic violence hotlines Family and friends support- knowing different domestic violence organizations can help a victim report the abuse, know local centers to help them find a way out

recent initiates, frequent users, and occasional users

recent initiates- those who initiated misuse of prescription pain relievers in the past year Occasional users- those who were not recent initiates and misused prescription pain relievers fewer than 52 days in the past year Frequent users- those who were not recent initiates and misused prescription pain relievers on average of 52 days or more in the past year ** drugs are likely to be obtained from a friend or relative

Schemes

redemption scheme- extort money from the US treasury to help pay off their debt -squatting- move into foreclosed home with fraudulent deeds and other bogus paperwork

Transporting prisoners

regardless of the purpose, transporting a prisoner can be a potentially dangerous assignment -prisoners have escaped (through killing or injuring officers) -a study found that 40% of prisoner escapes happen during transport

Contents of a report

report facts not feelings -may reflect on officer's intelligence, the level of training received by the officer, experience and background, as well as the ability to communicate in writing. -a good report should answer who (person, age, name, date of birth, race, sex, etc.), what (what happened, what violation was reported, what action was taken, notified agencies, further action), when (when was the offense committed, when was it discovered, when was it reported), where (location of the commission of the crime, where was victim violated, where was the subject arrested, where were witnesses at the time, where was the interview taken place?), why (why was incident committed, why was event reported, why were weapons used, why was witness, suspect, or victim cooperative or not cooperative, ), how (manner in which all action and events occured, how was incident or event committed, how was event reported, how were any tools or weapons used, how did suspect get away from the scene), and how much (how much drugs were seized, how much money was taken, what was the value of the items, how much probation was ordered).

GA code 19-7-5 (c)(1)

reporting child abuse -persons having reasonable cause to believe that a child has been abused shall report or cause reports of the abuse to e made as provided: physicians, hospitals or medical personnel, dentists, licensed psycholigits, podiatricts, licensed nurses and licensed practical nurses, professional counselors, social workers, marriage and family therapists, school teacher, child welfare agency personeel, child counseling personeel, law enforcement personel

Reporting child abuse and elder abuse

reporting child abuse-call department of human services division of family and children services for suspected child abuse.A child protective services- after- hours call center was established for after hour reports -Reporting elder abuse- contact Adult Protective Services (investigates all abuse, neglect, and/or exploittion of older persons (65+) or adults 18+ with a disability who do not reside in long-term care facilities

GA code 30-5-4

reporting elder abuse -to the protection of elder's who health and welfare are adversely affected and further threatened by the conduct of those responsible for their care and protection. (physical abuse, neglect and exploitation -who can report physician, osteopath, intern, resident, hospital personnel, dentist, counselor, nursing persoonel, day-care personnel, coroner, medical examiner, law enforcement

Carfentanil

synthetic opioid -10,000 more potent than morphine and 100 times more potent than fentanyl, which itself is 50 times more potent than heroin and much harder to detect -can come in several forms: powder, blotter paper, tablets, and spray -can be absorbed through the skin or accidental inhalation of airborne powder

Violent criminal acts by sovereign citizens

terrorist acts or displayed violence toward law enforcement (killing them if they get in their way) -the FBI atlanta encourages law enforcement and government officials to remain vigilant against this threat and notify the FBI of new schemes or fraudulent forms of identification

dirty bomb

the aim of the dirty bomb is to cause wide-spread contamination of the target area (radiation-related illnesses) -is an improvised nuclear device, created from radioactive nuclear waste material and conventional explosives. When a dirty bomb is detonated the explosion carries the nuclear waste material into the atmosphere where it is subject to dispersal by wind and rain

Case plan

the case plan will address the areas of supervision, employment, treatment needs/referrals, residence, education, cognitive deficiencies, offender's goals, desires, perceived issues, incentive/motivators and any other self perceived matters that will enhance or jeopardize successful outcome. The overall goal of the plan is to identify the risk of reoffending and the dynamic need factors associated with the likelihood of re-arrest and create a strategy to reduce the risk to offend by addressing the offender's needs through intervention

Initial interview

the effective supervision of offenders requires meaningful interactions with the offender. the initial contact between offender and officer sets the stage for the entire period of supervision. the data gathered from this interaction is essential to accurately assess the risk/needs of the offender and selecting supervision strategies and programs to meet those risks/needs.

Ingestion

the manner by which a drug or alcohol enters the human body. This can be done in different ways (oral- through mouth, injection- through vein, snorted- through nose, inhalation- huffing, sniffing, or smoking, transdermal- absorbed through skin, subcutaneous injection- aka "skin popping" or "trap dooring")

Journaling

the most effective way to idenitify stressors is through journaling -common stressors are workload, lack of control, suitability, personality conflicts, and poor interpersonal relationships

Force transition

the movement, escalation/de-escalation, from the application of one force type to another in conjunction with the "objectively reasonable standard". officers must be able to articulate and justify all force used

What is important about reports?

the narrative -give reader totality of circumstances regarding an incident or event -true picture or story of what occured in the incident

Transporting incident to arrest

the offender is to be secured with handcuffs behind the back and a pat down search of the high risk areas is to be conducted. Prior to placing the offender in the vehicle, a thorough body search is to be conducted, this includes males and females, whenever possible, all searches must be conducted by an officer of the same sex as the offender

Arrest

the person voluntarily submits to being considered under arrest or yeilds on consition by allowing his/her freedom of movement to be restricted, under the discretion of the officer the arrest is complete -individual lacks freedom to depart from officer or scene (constitutes as an arrest even if the officer doesnt tell the person they are under arrest)

Health issues among officers

the primary killer within this profession is motor vehicle accidents and heart attacks -public safety was ranked highest in medical conditions of heart disease, diabetes and suicide -56% of law enforcement are overweight

Transporting to and from hearings

the transporting officers shall conduct a thorough body search of the offender(s) prior to transport. (do not strip search); main objective is to find contraband or weapons. The assisting officer shall at all times monitor the behavior of the offender and be prepared to respond as necessary. after body search is conducted, the offender should then be placed into handcuffs in the front connected to a waist chain, and leg irons. any personal papers that the offender needs to bring with them should be thoroughly searched and then placed into the trunk for the duration of the transport (it is important to let the offender know the list of allowed items allowed at a hearing prior to transport which includes family photos (if in appropriate clothing), 4 personal letters, any legal docs for their defense, 2 religious books, 1 pair of eyeglasses, currency and coin, one of each of the following: ring, watch, or religious medal on chain (only if the combined value does not exceed $300)) it is the offender's responsibility to have any other property picked up at the jail because anything other than the list above will not be taken to the hearing

FBI defines Terrorism as

the unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons -employ behavior modification through fear

inhalants

the vapors from toxic substances which are inhaled to reach a quick high. -common inhalants: shoe polish, glue, gasoline, lighter fluid, spray paint, correction fluid, cleaning fluid, etc. -after the initial high and loss of inhibition comes drowsiness, light-headedness and agitation -chemicals rapidly absorb through the lungs into the bloodstream and reach the brain and other organs causing physical and mental damage (the protective cover of nerves erode away causing the Parkinson disease like effect to occur) -

Common Types of Meth Labs Meth Anhydrous "Nazi" method

these labs use little or no heat in a process that produces a small amount of meth in just 1-3 hours -ammonia is used in this method and toxic fumes are flammable and can spontaneously explode

Truth of criminal thinking

they are extremely fearful of not getting their way, getting caught, being put down, being discovered on the inside, speaking about their fears, and breaking connections and losing their power -criminality is a failure of morality and responsibility (criminal choose their lifestyle and associates; they are responsible for their behaviors) -the criminal rejects society long before society rejects the criminal

Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs aka OMGs

they are more organized and are very structured compared to other gangs, they also implement a much different initiation process than most gangs. They require that new prospective members are sponsored by a current member (who is responsible for the new persons actions), they go through a hangout stage and have higher ups decide if they can be a member (decide in 3-6 months of knowing them). They are very territorial and are constantly trying to gain new territory. They do not claim streets, blocks, or cities, instead they claim entire states or regions and rivalries over territory can turn very bloody Hierarchy: OFFICERS: president, vice president, secretary, treasurer, sergeant at arms -> MEMBERS: life members (active), patchmembers -> PROSPECTIVE MEMBERS: prospects, hangarounds (these people are not guaranteed membership)

Gangs and Security Threat Groups

they pose serious problems as they attempt to recruit new members, control living areas, and gain as much control over their environment as possible. -gangs present the single highest liability group of offenders under supervision (they are responsible for 48% of violent crime and are recruiting faster than LEO)

criminal thinking

thinking errors common beliefs of criminal thinking elements of each of the criminal thinking errors indicators of positive change in an offenders thinking

Common Criminal thinking errors

thinking errors are thoughts people exhibit or demonstrate during irresponsible behavior, which leads to and bring on self-destructive behavior -this self-destructive behavior leads to and brings on criminal behaviors -the way one copes with correction of the errors is the difference between a criminal thinker and a responsible thinker -criminal thinkers must violate another rights to gain the feeling of power and control and use thinking errors to justify their actions -10 common thinking errors (not all offenders have all characteristics but most): 1) closed thinking, victim role, superior self image, lack of effort, reckless attitude, lack of time perspective, fear of fear, power/control, uniqueness, and attitude of ownership

My Plate

this helps make better food choices and helps give visual cue for the servings size of each group

Eustress

this is a helpful type of stress -type of stress that causes a person to act, to get going, to do something. -used before someone exert physical force such as running a race -this stress prepares the muscles, heart, and mind for the strength needed for whatever is about to occur -prepares the body to fight with or flee from an imposing danger

Common meth lab: Shake and Bake or One-Pot method

this is the most popular method -makes smaller quantities faster and is easier to conceal -can be made while driving, easy to dispose -the waste from this method is flammable and toxic and failing to burp the two litter bottle, and explosion can occur. Also water and lithium are extremely flammable (severe burns)

Opiate abuse

this occurs when a psycholigcal state that exists when there is a developed tolerance, the user requires increasing doses. there is a psychological dependence or habituation exists -they have physical dependence and withdrawal occurs -users often experience euphoria and lethargy and may experience shallow respiration, lack of oxygen to cells (pefusion), pinpoint pupils and experience flushing and itching -

80/20 rule

this rule suggests we should not spend 80% of our time on a task that should only take 20% of his or her time

Actions for success

to avoid the above issues with non-compliance, officers will need to establish a professional but close working relationship with each offender on their caseload. Officers should develop trust and communicate their authority because trust better assures influencing behavior of offenders with sever mental disorders have difficulty with social interaction, relationships, understanding and cooperation. Be sure to clearly establish expectations and monitor the expected behaviors.

Why do people use drugs?

to feel good, to feel better, to lessen anxiety, fears, worries, depression , to have novel sensations and experiences.

Strength training (resistance training)

to the ability to exert maximum force during a single effort -imprices muscle strength by challenging the muscles utilizing stress, increasing muscle mass and burning fat -6-10 repetitions and 3 to 4 sets

3-3-23

under 21 possession of alcohol which states: - a person seeking medical assistance for someone who is experiencing an alcohol related overdose shall not be arrested, charged, or prosecuted for a violation of permanent or temporary protective, probation or parole violation, or pretrial release

Documenting property/evidence

when property is seized there is documentation that must accompany the seized property -complete receipt of property/chain of custody -completing this form can help protect officers from accusations of wrong doing -name of owner, address where property was taken, description of property taken, quantity -copy of form should be given to owner and a copy store with seized property

Initiation

used as a way of determining if the prospective member is strong enough, physically and mentally to be considered worthy of membership. - blood in/blood out- in order to join you must shed you own blood or someone elses and if you want to leave you must shed your blood (much worse than blood in) -gangs use a variety of acts of initiation to induct members 1) beat in or jump in (prove themselves by enduring a severe beating) 2) work/missions (must commit crimes to prove loyalty) 3) blessed in (worthy of joining without normal initiation rituals) 4) sex in (having sex with multiple gang members- female members)

Semi-Synthetic Opiods

used to moderate to severe pain and as treatment for chronic pain symptoms (similar to morphine)

common meth lab: Red Phosphorus "Red P" Method

uses Red Phosphorous and derived from match heads -like the nazi method but uses red phosphorus and iodine. this was previously the most popular method -toxic fumes are emitted due to phosphine gas. Going from red phosphorus to white phosphorus burns extremely hot and can cause severe burns

Depressant abuse

usually has the following psychological characteristics tranquility (easily observed state of peace), an observable outward depressed or sorrowful appearance, extreme anxiety, and extreme fear reaction. -stagnant or acrid smelling breath (swamp breath), pupil constrictions or sever light reaction, lethargic, overall depression or slowing of body movement, slow pulse, extremely high tolerance for pain ** depressant examples- sedatives, barbiturares (perscribed to induce sleep, calm severe anxiety), tranquilizers (treat tension and anxiety disorders)

Serving sizes

vegetables is a baseball size fruits is a tennis ball size portion carbohydrates is a hockey puck size (breads, cereal, potatoes, etc) protein is a deck of cards size portion fats should be the size of two dice water intake should be 64 ounces or more a day

Grains

wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley, or any other cereal grain (pasta, oatmeal, etc.) Types of grains (whole grains and refined grains) -Whole grains are whole wheat flour, cracked wheat, oatmeal, etc.) -refined grains are milled (removes the bran and germ; dietary fiber, iron, and b vitamins are also removed this is seen in white floud, white bread, etc.)

Backface signature (blunt trauma)

when a bullet slams into a vest and is stopped. -the flesh behind the point of impact will be compressed and there will be temporary inward distortion (this may cause painful injury and will leave a bruise or contusion. -the officer if shot in the vest needs medical attention (bruises can cause blood clots) - can affect the sinus rhythm of the heart

How the body armor works

when a bullet strikes body armor, it is caught in a "web" of very strong fibers. These fibers absorb and disperse the impact energy that is transmitted to the bullet proof vest from the bullet, causing the bullet to deform or mushroom -there are numerous layers to the vest that repeat the "web" process until fully stopping the bullet

Emotionally disturbed persons (EDP)

when relating to a person with emotional, mental, or erratic behavior that affects their decision-making process, law enforcement should typically use the term emotionally disturbed persons since mental illness is surrounded by stigma, fear, and discrimination -these persons present a major challenge to those whose respond to their bizarre and unpredictable behavior -officers need to communicate respectfully, practice active listening, and avoid stereotyping (in order to de-escalate situations)

Transport interruptions

when transporting offenders, there are specific reasons in which the transport may be interrupted: refueling, meals, and reasonable opportunities for the offender to use the restroom. if it is necessary to stop and it requires the officer to leave the immediate area of the vehicle, the offender(s) shall not be left alone, one officer must remain with offender(s) at all times. when bathroom breaks are absolutely necessary they must be made at a law enforcement center that can provide proper security and accommodations -interruptions for emergencies- if an offender begins to complain of medical distress or if they become unresponsive then the officer shall exercise reasonable judgement based on the nature. If medical care is warranted call 911 for medical transport -special considerations- officers will be faced with sick, injured, or disabled offenders who may require special consideration and may be required to deviate from normal handcuffing procedures. the coordinating chief shall contact the district director for guidance and approval

Signs of a meth lab

windows blacked out in certain room (conceal activity), window coverings can indicate paranoia -high volume of traffic to the residence is a strong indicator of sale or distribution -strong chemical odor. There may be an odor of ammonia which is sometimes described as chemical cat urine smell -large quantity of trash. There will be elements of a synthesis lab- such as heet bottles, tubing etc. found in the trash -bare spots in yard. Dumping the chemical waste kills grass -residents outside smoking. Explosive gasses in the residence -surveillance cameras. Cameras should be a major clue for officers

Battered women syndrome

women who believe that they deserve the abuse and cant get away from it -form of PTSD (long term abuse leads to this) -dont report the abuse -stages: 1)denial- unable to accept abuse or denial of existance 2)Guilt- believes she caused the abuse 3)enlightenment- realizes abuse is undeserving 4)responsibility- accepts the abuser holds responsibility

suitability

work stress is heightened when employees feel trapped in jobs that do not interest them, or a job that does not best suit them - they should seek more interesting, attractive and rewarding, position that make better use of their abilities. -step out of comfort zone and trying a position that is not necessarily familiar

Types of bomb threats

written bomb threats- tell supervisor, two way radio/cell phone conversations are ceased, notify police, save envelope or anything involving the threat, leave bomb threat at work location do not move -bomb characteristics: may not have return address, mailed from foreign country, excessive postage, misspelled words, lopsized or uneven stamps, odor (almonds smell is marzipan), endorsed with fragile handle with care, bulky, oily stains, excessive postage/tape, sounds coming from package discoloration or crystalization on wrapper pipe bomb- improvised explosive device, tightly sealed section of pipe filled with an explosive material (metal materials have higher burst strength and produce more concussive force Shoe bomb- heel of shoe is hallowed out of sneaker, c4 is a malleable high explosive which is readily available on the black market. Letter bomb, parcel bomb