Exam II - Fed. Gov
in the discipline of political science, party identification refers to
a sense of psychological attachment to a party
the democratic party national committee changed its internal procedures to be more open and inclusive in response to
a traumatic 1968 convention following the assassination of robert kennedy
_____________ was the first candidate elected as a republican
abraham lincoln
As parental and school influences wane in adulthood, _________ emerge as more important socialization agents.
adult peer groups and the mass media
this was not considered part of the roosevelt coalition
african americans
who was the leader of the federalists
alexander hamilton
this statement best describes the attitude of the american people toward political parties
americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones
early tv network news programs focused their evening news programs on ________ as a way to inspire trust in viewers
an anchorman
in congressional elections, it is quite possible that campaign coverage is affected by an ___________________ among journalists
anti-incumbent bias
The __________ was the first "third" party in American history to challenge the two major parties for the presidency and called the first national party convention
anti-masonic party
the __________ was the first "third" party in american history to challenge the two major parties for the presidency and called the first national party convention
anti-masonic party
bolter parties are those that
are formed by factions that have split off from one of the major parties
group leaders who follow news in specific areas are called ___________ policy elites
attentive
a polling company surveying public opinion on obama's healthcare plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly divided, for and against. the graph of such a distribution would be characterized as
bimodal
parental influence on party identification is greater when
both parents strongly identify with the same party
through the transmission model of partisanship, party identification is passed on to
children
which event helped to shape the partisan patterns of the north and south for nearly a century
civil war
in the early days of america, the president was chosen by
a group of political elites in the electoral college
more and more, cable news channels like MSNBC and fox news seem analogous to
early partisan newspapers
in the current american context, a liberal would tend to promote
economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom ahead of social order
local television covers crime more than any other topic. as one journalist said, "crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's _____________ driven"
economically
according to edmund burke, the reason people unite in parties is to
enact a set of policies
for most people, the first agent of political socialization is
family
the major agents of early socialization in the US are
family, school, community and peers
the media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as
gatekeepers
a voter who is uninformed about the issues might rely on political party labels to make a decision. this type of mental shortcut which requires hardly information is called
heuristics
the contemporary political "gender gap"refers to the tendency of women to
identify more with the democratic party than men do
the socialist party advocated for
ideological protest
the federal communication is an ____________ that is insulated from political control by the congress or president
independent regulatory commission
A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is
infotainment
A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is called
infotainment
Journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy grew, some say, because of
lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism
journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy emerged mid-century, some say, because of
lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism
a sample size that is ______ will more accurately represent the population
larger
a sample size that is ________ will more accurately represent the population
larger
available evidence seems to indicate that there are _______ among journalists and reporters
liberal leanings
available evidence seems to indicate that there are _________ among journalists and reporters
liberal leanings
the most commonly used source for news in america is
local news shows on television
surveys conducted over the internet have been criticized because they
may not be representative of the whole nation
a fiery quote that is picked up by the media, which then generates a spike in fundraising for the speaker, had been termed a
money blurt
The four most important functions of a political party are structuring the voting choice in elections, proposing alternative government programs, coordinating the actions of government officials and
nominating candidates for election to public office
representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of
order
When elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of _________; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach _________.
order; equality
this is NOT mentioned in the text as an important function of the news media in our political system
polarizing the news
in 2016, beyonce made headlines with her single "formation" which conveyed a political commentary on the recent
police shootings
The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called
political ideology
the set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called
political ideology
the _______ principle indicates that what is learned first is learned best
primary
the traditional division of mass media into __________ has been made problematic by the internet
print and broadcast
The short-lived __________ Party nominated Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for the presidency in 1924, but carried only La Follette's home state and ceased to nominate candidates in 1925
progressive
Political differences between the south and the rest of the country today are often rooted in attitudes about
racial politics and social issues
The first media technology to make broadcast journalists into household names was
radio
edward r murrow earned his fame via ________ as he broadcast news of german air raids on london
radio
in response to government control of the news flow in china, chinese political activists have used inflatable ducks and legos to
recreate the 1989 tiananmen square protests in a way that will avoid censors
in the 2000 election, the candidacy of ralph nader
resulted in a loss of support for the Democratic candidate, Al Gore.
an individual's _________ status is based on a combination of education, occupational status, and income
socioeconomic
General entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as The Daily Show, The Today Show, and The View is called
soft news
The courts usually strike down government attempts to restrain the press from disseminating information, reports, or opinions it finds newsworthy, one notable exception concerns
strategic information during wartime
this statement is most accurate
the media in the US have played an important role in advancing equality
voters favor one party control of the presidency and congress when
their party is in control
which president first provided space in the white house for reporters
theodore roosevelt
this is not one of the four principles of responsible party government
voters should choose candidates on the basis of ideological alignment
in 2015, the republican speaker of the house of reps, john boehner , abruptly quit as speaker and retired from congress. he did this because he
was frustrated by the lack of loyalty from the warring factions of the republican party
when journalists consider it their job to be critical of politicians, searching for inaccuracies in fact and weakness in argument, this is called
watchdog journalsim
in his first run for the presidency, andrew jackson
won a plurality of the popular vote but was not chosen as president by the house of representatives
this factor does NOT determine the accuracy of the sample
year sample is taken
Since the present two-party system was established, how many minor-party candidates have been elected to the presidency?
zero
a sample of one thousand randomly selected individuals in usually accurate to +/- _____% points
3
in 2009 how many of the house democrats voted against reforming health care, president obama's most important policy initiative
39
research shows that about ____% of americans adopt their parents' political party
50
A January 2014 poll showed that ____ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illnesses they may have
54
although white americans do not know what it is like to be black, ______________ of whites report being satisfied with society's treatment of blacks
67%
Despite new technological options, and despite criticism that in its current form it polarizes politics in an unhealthy way, _____ of Americans listen to traditional AM/FM radio weekly.
90%
with respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now it makes up almost 23% of the american population is
"unaffiliated"
with respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now makes up almost 23% of the american population is
"unaffiliated"
the internet was started in
1969 with support from the US department of defense
the best the socialist party has ever done in america was to capture 6% of the vote in the election of
1912
Survey methodology did not become a powerful research tool until the
1950s
microphones and cameras were banned from congressional chambers until _______ when the house permitted live coverage
1979
as some historians estimate, ______% of americans opposed the revolution in july 1776
20
as some historians estimate, _______% of americans opposed the revolution in july 1776
20
according to a 2013 poll ________ of americans think the political parties do an adequate job of representing the american people
24%
The fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the
backfire effect
content analysis of 2012 presidential campaign, suggests that more "good press" focused on
barack obama
advocates of dropping all FCC content regulations believe that
broadcast media should be treated the same as other media
a ___________ campaign committee is an organization maintained by a political party to raise funds to support its own candidates in congressional elections
congressional
Most news printed about Congress comes from
congressional press releases and prepared reports
available evidence seems to indicate that there are _______ among editors and owners of the major news media
conservative leanings
in the 2012 presidential campaign, newspaper coverage of barack obama and mitt romney was
considered neutral in tone
The __________ Party won most presidential elections from 1932, during the Great Depression, through the election of 1964, when the turbulent 1960s created the environment for a major political realignment
democratic
the _______________ party is probably the oldest political party in existence
democratic
private ownership of the media in the US makes the american news industry
dependent on advertising revenues
when considering the endurance of political beliefs in america, it can be said that americans tend to
find their political niche and stay there
in the presidential elections since 1968, the south has tended to vote
for republican candidates
A respondent who agrees with the statement, "By law, a woman should be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice" values
freedom over order
As a general trend, college-educated individuals are more likely to choose
freedom over social order
individuals with higher education and income tend to favor ___________ over
freedom; order or equality
governments tend to respond to public opinion. in recent this has become particularly true regarding issues involving
gay rights
the role of the national committee is to
govern each party between conventions
communications in a democracy must move from government to citizens and from citizens to
government
this reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy
government should do what a majority of the public wants
a voter who is uninformed about the issues might rely on political labels to make a decision. this type of mental shortcut which requires hardly any information is called
hueristics
the text suggests that in the early days of radio, owners sought government regulation of the airwaves to
impose order on the use of the airways
this is NOT one of the political party functions
increasing the stability of election outcomes
What most distinguishes political parties from interest groups like the AFL-CIO and the National Association of Manufacturers is that
interest groups do not nominate candidates to run as their avowed representatives
counting both print and online users, news readership of newspapers
is up overall
if a senatorial candidate talks about reducing taxes as a way to "return money to the people" that candidate is using ________ as a way to define the topic of taxes
issue framing
if a senatorial candidate talks about reducing taxes as a way to "return money to the people" that candidate is using ____________ as a way to define the topic of taxes
issue framing
lack of political knowledge among individual americans makes the ________ model of democracy more difficult to sustain
majoritarian
During the Jacksonian Era, parties had to appeal to much larger numbers of voters, and one response was a shift from selecting candidates in a closed caucus of party representatives in Congress to using _________ to select presidential candidates
national conventions
the four most important functions of a political party are structuring the voting choice in elections, proposing alternative government programs, coordinating the actions of government officials and
nominating candidates for election to public office
a _________ is a designation as an official candidate of a political party
nomination
when americans are asked to identify themselves on the left-right ideological scales, the data plotted on a graph is a ________ distribution
normal
the phrase "off the record" means that media are
not allowed to print the information
Towards the end of the nineteenth century, competition for readers among the big-city dailies grew so fierce, that publishers started entertaining them with all of the following EXCEPT
objective news stories
a centralized organization that dominated local politics by controlling elections, sometimes by illegal means, is known as a
party machine
as students move from elementary school to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from knowledge of _________ to development of
patriotic ritual; good citizenship
proportional representation tends to
perpetuate several political parties
the system by which legislative seats are awarded to a party in proportion to the vote that party wins in an election is called ____________ representation
proportional
Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until the 1830s when publishers realized they could
raise revenue through advertising
during the decades from the economic depression of the 1890s until the stock market crash in 1929, presidential elections were dominated by the _______________ party
republican
newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to
resort to negative or positive spin on the news
According to the four principles of _____ party government, parties should present clear and coherent programs to voters. These principles outline the ideal role of parties in a majoritarian democracy
responsible
according to the principles of ________ party government, parties should present clear and coherent programs to voters. these principles outline the ideal role of parties in a majoritarian democracy
responsible
__________ captured the presidency in 1968 and won five of the eleven southern states in the old Confederacy, signaling an electoral realignment that has seen Republican candidates for president do very well in the south
richard nixon
while third parties typically do not receive a large percentage of the vote, _________, candidate for the president under the reform party in 1992, won 19 percent of the popular vote
ross perot
one of the most convincing explanations for the persistence of the two party system in the US lies in its use of
single winners chosen by a simple plurality of votes
If someone formed the "Second Amendment Party," a political party to run on a platform of removing regulations on gun ownership, that would be an example of a _________ party.
single-issue
when sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. the graph of such a distribution would be characterized as
skewed
this statement accurately characterizes presidential poll results
survey results can be prone to random error because interviews receive superficial responses
the ______ party is not considered a political party
tea
the ___________ party is not considered a political party
tea
Today, the mass media conduct most polls by
telephone
according to campaign scholars, the more attention traditional news outlets pay to a political candidate's twitter activity
the better he/she will do
Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when
the community is homogeneous
pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when
the community is homogeneous
The extent of the influence of any socializing agent depends on
the extent of our exposure to it, our communication with it, an our receptivity to it
the extent of the influence of any socializing agent depends on
the extent of our exposure to it, our communication with it, and our receptivity to it
a critical event that helped end the republican party's domination of national politics in the 1920s was
the great depression
which party of ideological protest is best known for arguing against government action in society
the libertarian party
One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that
the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of government
when it was first ratified, the constitution provided that the vice president
the runner up in the electoral college
public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that
the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer
while most of the mass media in the US is privately owned,
they do not operate free of government regulations
How do the mass media influence the socialization process?
they play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it
the early republicans also known as the democratic republicans were led by
thomas jefferson
much like newspaper circulation, news magazine circulation has declined in recent years. today, only _______ magazine enjoys big circulation numbers
time
Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ___________ model of partisanship
transmission
