Exam II - Fed. Gov

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in the discipline of political science, party identification refers to

a sense of psychological attachment to a party

the democratic party national committee changed its internal procedures to be more open and inclusive in response to

a traumatic 1968 convention following the assassination of robert kennedy

_____________ was the first candidate elected as a republican

abraham lincoln

As parental and school influences wane in adulthood, _________ emerge as more important socialization agents.

adult peer groups and the mass media

this was not considered part of the roosevelt coalition

african americans

who was the leader of the federalists

alexander hamilton

this statement best describes the attitude of the american people toward political parties

americans recognize the value of parties but distrust the existing ones

early tv network news programs focused their evening news programs on ________ as a way to inspire trust in viewers

an anchorman

in congressional elections, it is quite possible that campaign coverage is affected by an ___________________ among journalists

anti-incumbent bias

The __________ was the first "third" party in American history to challenge the two major parties for the presidency and called the first national party convention

anti-masonic party

the __________ was the first "third" party in american history to challenge the two major parties for the presidency and called the first national party convention

anti-masonic party

bolter parties are those that

are formed by factions that have split off from one of the major parties

group leaders who follow news in specific areas are called ___________ policy elites

attentive

a polling company surveying public opinion on obama's healthcare plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly divided, for and against. the graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

bimodal

parental influence on party identification is greater when

both parents strongly identify with the same party

through the transmission model of partisanship, party identification is passed on to

children

which event helped to shape the partisan patterns of the north and south for nearly a century

civil war

in the early days of america, the president was chosen by

a group of political elites in the electoral college

more and more, cable news channels like MSNBC and fox news seem analogous to

early partisan newspapers

in the current american context, a liberal would tend to promote

economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom ahead of social order

local television covers crime more than any other topic. as one journalist said, "crime coverage is not editorially driven; it's _____________ driven"

economically

according to edmund burke, the reason people unite in parties is to

enact a set of policies

for most people, the first agent of political socialization is

family

the major agents of early socialization in the US are

family, school, community and peers

the media executives, news editors, and prominent reporters who decide which events to report and how to report them are known as

gatekeepers

a voter who is uninformed about the issues might rely on political party labels to make a decision. this type of mental shortcut which requires hardly information is called

heuristics

the contemporary political "gender gap"refers to the tendency of women to

identify more with the democratic party than men do

the socialist party advocated for

ideological protest

the federal communication is an ____________ that is insulated from political control by the congress or president

independent regulatory commission

A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is

infotainment

A story that contains no policy content and is not related to the day's events but that commonly discusses popular personalities and is designed to draw greater viewer interest is called

infotainment

Journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy grew, some say, because of

lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism

journalistic norms of objectivity and accuracy emerged mid-century, some say, because of

lack of competition, allowing focus on quality rather than sensationalism

a sample size that is ______ will more accurately represent the population

larger

a sample size that is ________ will more accurately represent the population

larger

available evidence seems to indicate that there are _______ among journalists and reporters

liberal leanings

available evidence seems to indicate that there are _________ among journalists and reporters

liberal leanings

the most commonly used source for news in america is

local news shows on television

surveys conducted over the internet have been criticized because they

may not be representative of the whole nation

a fiery quote that is picked up by the media, which then generates a spike in fundraising for the speaker, had been termed a

money blurt

The four most important functions of a political party are structuring the voting choice in elections, proposing alternative government programs, coordinating the actions of government officials and

nominating candidates for election to public office

representatives of the mass media frequently defend the importance of freedom of the press, even if it comes at the expense of

order

When elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of _________; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach _________.

order; equality

this is NOT mentioned in the text as an important function of the news media in our political system

polarizing the news

in 2016, beyonce made headlines with her single "formation" which conveyed a political commentary on the recent

police shootings

The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called

political ideology

the set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called

political ideology

the _______ principle indicates that what is learned first is learned best

primary

the traditional division of mass media into __________ has been made problematic by the internet

print and broadcast

The short-lived __________ Party nominated Robert La Follette of Wisconsin for the presidency in 1924, but carried only La Follette's home state and ceased to nominate candidates in 1925

progressive

Political differences between the south and the rest of the country today are often rooted in attitudes about

racial politics and social issues

The first media technology to make broadcast journalists into household names was

radio

edward r murrow earned his fame via ________ as he broadcast news of german air raids on london

radio

in response to government control of the news flow in china, chinese political activists have used inflatable ducks and legos to

recreate the 1989 tiananmen square protests in a way that will avoid censors

in the 2000 election, the candidacy of ralph nader

resulted in a loss of support for the Democratic candidate, Al Gore.

an individual's _________ status is based on a combination of education, occupational status, and income

socioeconomic

General entertainment programming that often includes discussions of political affairs, such as The Daily Show, The Today Show, and The View is called

soft news

The courts usually strike down government attempts to restrain the press from disseminating information, reports, or opinions it finds newsworthy, one notable exception concerns

strategic information during wartime

this statement is most accurate

the media in the US have played an important role in advancing equality

voters favor one party control of the presidency and congress when

their party is in control

which president first provided space in the white house for reporters

theodore roosevelt

this is not one of the four principles of responsible party government

voters should choose candidates on the basis of ideological alignment

in 2015, the republican speaker of the house of reps, john boehner , abruptly quit as speaker and retired from congress. he did this because he

was frustrated by the lack of loyalty from the warring factions of the republican party

when journalists consider it their job to be critical of politicians, searching for inaccuracies in fact and weakness in argument, this is called

watchdog journalsim

in his first run for the presidency, andrew jackson

won a plurality of the popular vote but was not chosen as president by the house of representatives

this factor does NOT determine the accuracy of the sample

year sample is taken

Since the present two-party system was established, how many minor-party candidates have been elected to the presidency?

zero

a sample of one thousand randomly selected individuals in usually accurate to +/- _____% points

3

in 2009 how many of the house democrats voted against reforming health care, president obama's most important policy initiative

39

research shows that about ____% of americans adopt their parents' political party

50

A January 2014 poll showed that ____ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illnesses they may have

54

although white americans do not know what it is like to be black, ______________ of whites report being satisfied with society's treatment of blacks

67%

Despite new technological options, and despite criticism that in its current form it polarizes politics in an unhealthy way, _____ of Americans listen to traditional AM/FM radio weekly.

90%

with respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now it makes up almost 23% of the american population is

"unaffiliated"

with respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now makes up almost 23% of the american population is

"unaffiliated"

the internet was started in

1969 with support from the US department of defense

the best the socialist party has ever done in america was to capture 6% of the vote in the election of

1912

Survey methodology did not become a powerful research tool until the

1950s

microphones and cameras were banned from congressional chambers until _______ when the house permitted live coverage

1979

as some historians estimate, ______% of americans opposed the revolution in july 1776

20

as some historians estimate, _______% of americans opposed the revolution in july 1776

20

according to a 2013 poll ________ of americans think the political parties do an adequate job of representing the american people

24%

The fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq ​had weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the

backfire effect

content analysis of 2012 presidential campaign, suggests that more "good press" focused on

barack obama

advocates of dropping all FCC content regulations believe that

broadcast media should be treated the same as other media

a ___________ campaign committee is an organization maintained by a political party to raise funds to support its own candidates in congressional elections

congressional

Most news printed about Congress comes from

congressional press releases and prepared reports

available evidence seems to indicate that there are _______ among editors and owners of the major news media

conservative leanings

in the 2012 presidential campaign, newspaper coverage of barack obama and mitt romney was

considered neutral in tone

The __________ Party won most presidential elections from 1932, during the Great Depression, through the election of 1964, when the turbulent 1960s created the environment for a major political realignment

democratic

the _______________ party is probably the oldest political party in existence

democratic

private ownership of the media in the US makes the american news industry

dependent on advertising revenues

when considering the endurance of political beliefs in america, it can be said that americans tend to

find their political niche and stay there

in the presidential elections since 1968, the south has tended to vote

for republican candidates

A respondent who agrees with the statement, "By law, a woman should be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice" values

freedom over order

As a general trend, college-educated individuals are more likely to choose

freedom over social order

individuals with higher education and income tend to favor ___________ over

freedom; order or equality

governments tend to respond to public opinion. in recent this has become particularly true regarding issues involving

gay rights

the role of the national committee is to

govern each party between conventions

communications in a democracy must move from government to citizens and from citizens to

government

this reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy

government should do what a majority of the public wants

a voter who is uninformed about the issues might rely on political labels to make a decision. this type of mental shortcut which requires hardly any information is called

hueristics

the text suggests that in the early days of radio, owners sought government regulation of the airwaves to

impose order on the use of the airways

this is NOT one of the political party functions

increasing the stability of election outcomes

What most distinguishes political parties from interest groups like the AFL-CIO and the National Association of Manufacturers is that

interest groups do not nominate candidates to run as their avowed representatives

counting both print and online users, news readership of newspapers

is up overall

if a senatorial candidate talks about reducing taxes as a way to "return money to the people" that candidate is using ________ as a way to define the topic of taxes

issue framing

if a senatorial candidate talks about reducing taxes as a way to "return money to the people" that candidate is using ____________ as a way to define the topic of taxes

issue framing

lack of political knowledge among individual americans makes the ________ model of democracy more difficult to sustain

majoritarian

During the Jacksonian Era, parties had to appeal to much larger numbers of voters, and one response was a shift from selecting candidates in a closed caucus of party representatives in Congress to using _________ to select presidential candidates

national conventions

the four most important functions of a political party are structuring the voting choice in elections, proposing alternative government programs, coordinating the actions of government officials and

nominating candidates for election to public office

a _________ is a designation as an official candidate of a political party

nomination

when americans are asked to identify themselves on the left-right ideological scales, the data plotted on a graph is a ________ distribution

normal

the phrase "off the record" means that media are

not allowed to print the information

Towards the end of the nineteenth century, competition for readers among the big-city dailies grew so fierce, that publishers started entertaining them with all of the following EXCEPT

objective news stories

a centralized organization that dominated local politics by controlling elections, sometimes by illegal means, is known as a

party machine

as students move from elementary school to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from knowledge of _________ to development of

patriotic ritual; good citizenship

proportional representation tends to

perpetuate several political parties

the system by which legislative seats are awarded to a party in proportion to the vote that party wins in an election is called ____________ representation

proportional

Newspapers did not move toward independent ownership and large circulation until the 1830s when publishers realized they could

raise revenue through advertising

during the decades from the economic depression of the 1890s until the stock market crash in 1929, presidential elections were dominated by the _______________ party

republican

newspapers owned by publicly-traded chains are more likely to

resort to negative or positive spin on the news

According to the four principles of _____ party government, parties should present clear and coherent programs to voters. These principles outline the ideal role of parties in a majoritarian democracy

responsible

according to the principles of ________ party government, parties should present clear and coherent programs to voters. these principles outline the ideal role of parties in a majoritarian democracy

responsible

__________ captured the presidency in 1968 and won five of the eleven southern states in the old Confederacy, signaling an electoral realignment that has seen Republican candidates for president do very well in the south

richard nixon

while third parties typically do not receive a large percentage of the vote, _________, candidate for the president under the reform party in 1992, won 19 percent of the popular vote

ross perot

one of the most convincing explanations for the persistence of the two party system in the US lies in its use of

single winners chosen by a simple plurality of votes

If someone formed the "Second Amendment Party," a political party to run on a platform of removing regulations on gun ownership, that would be an example of a _________ party.

single-issue

when sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. the graph of such a distribution would be characterized as

skewed

this statement accurately characterizes presidential poll results

survey results can be prone to random error because interviews receive superficial responses

the ______ party is not considered a political party

tea

the ___________ party is not considered a political party

tea

Today, the mass media conduct most polls by

telephone

according to campaign scholars, the more attention traditional news outlets pay to a political candidate's twitter activity

the better he/she will do

Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when

the community is homogeneous

pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when

the community is homogeneous

The extent of the influence of any socializing agent depends on

the extent of our exposure to it, our communication with it, an our receptivity to it

the extent of the influence of any socializing agent depends on

the extent of our exposure to it, our communication with it, and our receptivity to it

a critical event that helped end the republican party's domination of national politics in the 1920s was

the great depression

which party of ideological protest is best known for arguing against government action in society

the libertarian party

One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that

the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of government

when it was first ratified, the constitution provided that the vice president

the runner up in the electoral college

public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that

the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer

while most of the mass media in the US is privately owned,

they do not operate free of government regulations

How do the mass media influence the socialization process?

they play contradictory roles, sometimes promoting popular support for government and sometimes eroding public confidence in it

the early republicans also known as the democratic republicans were led by

thomas jefferson

much like newspaper circulation, news magazine circulation has declined in recent years. today, only _______ magazine enjoys big circulation numbers

time

Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ___________ model of partisanship

transmission


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