Factors that Contribute to Flexibility

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decreases flexibility, loss in elasticity (CT) risk of injury

Aging

posture

Body alignment

Factors Contributing to Flexibiity

Bone & joint structures Muscle/tendon Connective Tissue past injury age & gender

Joint capsule (including ligaments) 47% Muscle (fascia) 41% Tendons 10% Skin 2%

Distinctive connective tissues associated with any joint contribute to joint flexibility. (ROM)

posture, ROM, mechanical efficiency, injury risk, stiffness, low back pain

Height fluctuation relevance to flexibility may influence

muscle (composed of)

Myofibrils & protein filaments

Soft tissues contribute to the total resistance to joint movement as follows: Joint capsule: 47% Muscle (fasciae): 41% Tendons: 10% Skin: 2%

Other factors that impact flexibility include: Age Muscle strength, endurance, flexibility, and agility naturally decrease with age due to muscle atrophy that coincides with increased collagen. - Gender •In general, females are more flexible than males due to anatomical and physiological differences. - Joint structure and past injury • The rebuilding of broken bones and the build-up of scar tissue can limit joint movement.

3 significant implications for lumbar spine flexibility (Intervertebral disks : hydration-sleeping, swelling-walking)

Waking up-spine swelling/stiffness during lumbar flex Morning-lumbar disks/ligaments greater injury risk Late Day-ROM

collagen, elastin, stretching,

Warming Muscle Tissue 103' (via warm-up or physical activity) Enhances ______, _______, ________

muscle replaced fatty and fibrous (collagen) tissue (collagens=stiffening & immobility soft tissue's water content diminishes)

as muscle atrophy (age)

daily activities, joints, posture & balance (min spine stress)

benefits of flexibility: Improves

low-back pain and injuries

benefits of flexibility: Prevents

aches, pains, muscle cramps, stress

benefits of flexibility: Relieves

Gender flexibility differences

females greater ROM pelvic broader men-smaller pelvic

Circadian variations

flexibility increases in afternoon height fluctuates (0.6in change) Example of

past injury Injuries or surgery

involves tearing, incision, or laceration of skin leaves inelastic scar tissue=limiting jt movement

3 components affect flexibility (ROM) (Flex training improves)

muscle -length elasticity (CT) joint structure

reduces muscle fibers size and numbers

muscle atrophy (loss)

Circadian variations

physiological jt functions exhibit max & min functions at specific time of day (--blood pressure, body temp, heart rate, hormone levels, alertness, responsiveness ---Joint stiffness associated with morning hours)

collagen

primary component of muscle tissue

Circadian variations

refers to 24hr time period


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