Female Pelvis

retroflextion

bending backward

fallopian tubes

coiled, muscular, extend from ovaries to uterus

four subdivisions of fallopian tubes

interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum

anteverted uterus

uterus is tilted or bent forward 90 degree towards cervix

bicornuate uterus

uterus with two horns

Arcuate uterus

-NO obstetric issues. indentation of fundus, normal variant.

length of ovaries

2.5 cm to 5 cm AP .6 to 2.2 cm trans 1.5 to 3 cm

fallopian tube length

7 to 12 cm

length of uterus

8 cm (nilluparous), 3 cm (AP), trans (5.5 cm)

Didelphys uterus

Complete duplication of the uterus, cervix, and vagina

Late proliferative which hormones stop

FSH goes down

volume of ovaries

L x AP x W x 0.523

secretory phase hormones

LH

Levoversion

Left lateral deviation

unicornate of uterus

Results if one of the paramesonephric ducts fails to develop

Anteflexed uterus

When the bladder is empty and the cervix and vagina form a 90-degree angle, and the uterine body and fundus are bent at a great anterior angle until the fundus is pointing inferiorly and resting on the cervix

increased resistance index

abnormal flow during pregnancy, increases small percentages of complications notching increased risk of pregnancy loss. greater than .58 RI abnormal in pregancy doppler.

reflections of uterus form

anterior and posterior cul de sac

Pelvic recesses

anterior cul de sac and posterior cul de sac (most dependent space in abdominopelvic cavity)

anteflexion

bending forward

retroflexed

bent backward

uterine ligaments (attach to inferior ovary)

broad (duperior lateral vessels and nerves sometimes seen in sonography), round, and cardinal, sacrouterine (suspensory) sacroiliac, sacrosciatic, sacrococcygeal, pubic (osseous)

Septate uterus

congenital malformation of the uterus that results in a single septum that separates two endometrial cavities.

Ovaries

ellipsoid shape, in ovarian fossa (fossa of waldeyer). bounded laterally by internal iliac artery and the ureter. the medial boundery is the uterus.

Uterus wall layers

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium/ serosa

retroverted uterus (before uterine suspension)

entire uterus - body and cervix- tilted backwards

menses hormones

estrogen, FSH

interstitial uterus appears as

fine echogenic line from endometrial canal through myometrium to the cornua of the uterus

4 regions of the uterus

fundus, body, isthmus, cervix

ovarian vascular supple

gonadal arteries and veins, branches of uterine artery and vein rise to ovarian branches at level of cornu.

hypoplasia

incomplete development

Ovaries

lie on posterior surface of broad ligament, peritoneal, mobile with adnexa (joins)

medianus

middle

infundibulum of uterus

most lateral of the tube and opens to peritoneum and fimbria

isthmus of uterus

narrowed inferior region

female pelvis

pelvic cavity is the caudal (tail) portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. extends from iliac crest to pelvic diaphragm (peritoneal). contains urinary bladder, genetial tract, ovaries, and pelvic colon.

Vagina

posterior to bladder and urethra. anterior to rectum, extends from uterine to external genitalia, uterine cervix protrudes into anterior vaginal wall.

Posterior cul-de-sac

pouch of douglas, rectouterine space.

uterus is

retroperitoneal, covered by peritoneum

Dextroversion

right lateral deviation

two ligaments not true, but folds in peritoneum

suspensory ligament arises from pelvic wall and contains vessels within broad. broad ligament is double folds of peritoneum it fans over adnexa and divides into front and back pelvis. it does very little to support the uterus.

retroverted uterus

the entire uterus including the body and the cervix are tilted backwards; contrasts with anteverted, anteflexed, or mid-position uterus

resistance in placenta to mothers blood flow then

the uterine artery becomes notched, flow reversal outcome poor. about 5% woman have notched artery at 23 weeks, not all have problems. increase high blood pressure 3-6 times, small, problems death of fetus 2 to 3 times. if normal the chances of above are reduced by similar margin.

retroversion

tilted backward

Retroversion with retroflexion

tipped backward and posterior

anterversion of uterus

tipped forward

uterine artery

travels superiorly from cervix, lateral to uterus in the broad ligament, at the junction of uterus and fallopian tubes. joins ovarian art, arcuate, radial, which supply myo and endo, straight, anf spiral supply endo. venous channels of pelvis are similar in travek,,

internal iliac artery (hypogastric)

uterine arteries are branches of these.

uterus vascular supply

uterine artery and vein, internal iliac artery and vein, arcuate arteries and veins

Anterior cul-de-sac

utero-vesicular space, space of retzius

anteverted uterus

uterus is tilted or bent forward

ampulla of uterus

widest and longest part fertilization of the oocyte usually occurs here