Fetal Pig Dissection

How many vertebrae does the cervical region have?

7 vertebrae long

Where is the mylohyoid located, and what is its purpose?

A muscle acting on the lower mouth and tongue, facilitating swallowing. This runs laterally across the midline of the ventral side of the jaw.

Where is the sternohyoid located, and what is its purpose?

A muscle acting on the lower mouth and tongue, facilitating swallowing. This runs straight up from the sternum between the sternomastoid.

What is origin, in relation to muscles?

A point where the muscle attaches at the less mobile part of the bone

What is Deep?

Away from surface

What is Lateral?

Away from the midline of the body

What is the purpose of the deltoid?

Contraction of this, raises the forelimb away from the body laterally or to the anterior.

What are the 3 layers of abdominal muscles? List them in order from superficial to deep.

External oblique, Internal oblique, transverse

Where is the masseter located and what is its purpose?

It is located ventral and lateral to the mandible. This muscle elevates and protrudes the mandible, facilitating chewing or grinding food.

Where is the tensor fascia latae, and what is its purpose?

Located anterior to the biceps femoris and is responsible for flexing the lower limb at the hip.

Where are the digastric muscles located, and what is its purpose?

Located just anterior and medial to the masseter and inferior to the mandible. These muscles lower the mandible.

Where is the pectoralis major, and what is its purpose?

Located on the chest, origin of this muscle is the sternum and inserts at the upper arm. This muscle facilitates upper arm movement down toward the chest.

Cranial region consists of what?

Mouth, eyes, snout with external nares, and outer ear (pinnae)

Where is the trapezius muscle group located?

Muscles originating at the base of the skull and cervical and thoracic vertebrae, inserting at the humerus and scapula, running up the midline of the upper back.

What is a Mammary papillae?

Nipples or teats

What is antagonist, in relation to muscles?

Opposing muscle groups, allowing parts of the body to move in different directions. EX: Biceps brachii and triceps brachii

Where are the biceps femoris located, and what is its purpose?

Originates at the posterior of the pelvis and insterts at the tibia near the knee. Contraction of this, flexes the hind limb.

Where is the biceps brachii located, and what is its purpose?

Originates at the scapula but inserts at the raidus. This flexes the forelimb.

Where is the triceps brachii located and what is its purpose?

Orignates at the scapula and humerus, inserting at the ulna. The contraction of the triceps brachii extends the forelimb.

What is Proximal?

Part of a muscle or bone closest to the muscle origin

What is Distal?

Part of a muscle or bone furthest from the muscle origin

Where is the rectus abdominus located, and what is its function?

Runs down the mid line of the abdomen from the sternum to the pubic bone, and it supports internal organs and facilitates contraction of the trunk.

What are the two hamstring muscles called?

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus

What is the Sternomastoid?

Superficial muscle that travels from the sternum to the lower jaw, pulling the head down toward the chest.

What is insertion, in relation to muscles?

The more mobile part of the bone of which the muscles are attached to

Cervical region is located where?

The shoulders to the base of the head

Where is the brachiocephalic muscle located?

This muscle originates at the back of the skull and inserts at the distal end of the humerus.

The trunk consists of 3 regions, what are they?

Thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

What is Medial?

Toward midline of the body

What is Dorsal?

Toward the back

What is Ventral?

Toward the front

What is Cranial?

Toward the head

What is Superficial?

Toward the surface

What is Caudal?

Toward the tail

What is the superficial fascia?

Underlying loose connective tissue near the skin

Where is the urogenital pore located on the male?

caudal to the umbilical cord and the scrotum

Where is the Umbilical cord attached to?

connects fetus to the placenta inside the mother during fetal development

What are Mammary glands?

fully developed in maturing females, providing milk for offspring

What is the purpose of the Scrotum?

houses the testes

Where is the urogenital pore located on the female?

superior to the anus

What is Inferior?

toward the bottom

What is Superior?

toward the top