final exam psy
To maximize learning, a ________ should be presented on a(n) ________ schedule.
CS + UCS; continuous
which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia
Jane Doe emerges from a coma with no idea who she is, and she is unable to provide any details about herself, where she came from, or what happened to her.
which of the following is a good example of anterograde amnesia
John Doe is in a car accident. Every day he wakes up with no memory of what he did the day before, feeling as though no time has passed because he is unable to form new memories.
which of the following is an example of a variable ratio reinforcement schedule
Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets
Who proposed the locus of control concept?
Julian Rotter
the _____ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individuals clinical profile
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism
Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.
which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder
Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention.
which of the following exemplifies a symptom of paranoid personality disorder
Rafe is extremely suspicious of the people around him and mistrusts them for no identifiable reason.
the _______ inkblot test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the persons unconscious desires, fears, and struggles
Rorschach
who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality
Sigmund Frued
what is the main idea of the stroop effect
The brain's reaction time slows when it must deal with conflicting information.
what is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality
They can be scientifically tested.
Pan finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding.
acoustic
Kieran is attempting to condition a parrot to greet him when he enters the room. He repeatedly pairs his entry to the room with a treat for the parrot. Kieran can say that ________ has occurred as soon as the parrot greets him in response to his entry.
acquisition
From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Kwaku's personality?
antisocial personality disorder
in albert banduras social cognitive theory, behavior refers to
anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded
classical and operant conditioning are forms of _____ learning
associational
Encoding information occurs through ________.
automatic processing and effortful processing
Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.
being outside the home alone
cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned:
beliefs and expectations
Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?
borderline personality disorder
what should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Acrophobia is characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape or recieve help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack"
change the word "acrophobia" to "agoraphobia"
Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________.
chunking
the ______ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next
collective unconscious
Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands."
concern over germs
_______ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar
congruence
________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.
congruence
The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.
construction; reconstruction
when an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called ______ reinforcement
continuous
which of the following experiments involves the use of social learning theory
determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if she is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting
Which of the following factors does not strongly predict the development of post traumatic stress disorder
experiencing trauma in isolation
What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?
explicit memories
I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________.
explicit memory
A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.
external and internal
Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.
extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability
Psychopathology is the study of physical illness only, including their symptoms, etiology (i.e. their causes), and treatment
false
in _______ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus
higher order
When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.
implicit
the thematic appreciation test (TAT) is a projective test
in which people are presented with ambiguous images
What is episodic memory?
information about events we have personally experienced
which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning
knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student
which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder
lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds
what was the main point of Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs
learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
in order for memory to go into storage (i.e., long term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short term memory, and _____ memory
long term
carl jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the
myers-briggs type indicator
in operant conditioning, ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior
negative reinforcement
Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
which brain region is believed to play a critical role in OCD
orbitofrontal cortex
Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.
organizing the books
Self-efficacy is:
our level of confidence in our own abilities
carl king referred to the ____ as the mask we adopt
persona
Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.
projective test
in operant conditioning m, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior
punishment
When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.
recognition
What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?
reflexes
Elaine wakes up in the hospital with a head injury. She gets to know her doctors and nurses over time, but it soon becomes clear that she has no memories from before she woke up in the hospital. Elaine has ________ amnesia.
retrograde
When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information.
retrograde and anterograde
which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning
rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily
Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day to day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with?
schizophrenia
according to abraham maslow, the highest need is
self-actualization
Kerry is conditioned to fear strawberries. Raspberries are similar to strawberries, and even though no attempt was made to make Kerry fear raspberries, she reacts with fear when she sees them. This is an example of ________.
stimulus generalization
What is semantic memory?
storage of facts and events we personally experienced
Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.
suggestibility
in carl jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ______ in the second half of life
the self realization process
Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.
thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory
What is procedural memory?
type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things
in classical conditioning, the _______ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen
unconditioned response
which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device
using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes
Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
variable interval
which process involves observing a model being punished and then becoming less likely to imitate the models behavior
vicarious punishment
which of the following is an example of operant conditioning
when a dog plays dead she gets a treat in order to encourage her to repeat the behavior
