final nutrition

79. Which of the following is/are antioxidants? a) Vitamin C. b) Vitamin E. c) Selenium. d) All of these nutrients serve as antioxidants.

d) All of these nutrients serve as antioxidants.

93. Outward symptoms of hypertension include which of the following? a) Flushed face b) Migraine headache c) Impaired vision d) There are no outward symptoms.

d) There are no outward symptoms.

99. Which of the following does not inhibit the absorption of calcium? a) Oxalates b) Phytates c) Tannins d) Vitamin D

d) Vitamin D

97. Which of the following is NOT associated with increased risk of developing osteoporosis? a) Being female b) Long-term alcohol abuse c) Using tobacco products d) Walking daily for exercise

d) Walking daily for exercise

38. A waist circumference greater then what is considered a risk factor for women a. > 10 b. > 40 c. > 25 d. >35

d. >35

6. When the body gets adequate protein, what amino acid can be used to synthesize niacin in the body? a. Lysine b. Valine c. Phenylalanine d. Tryptophan

d. Tryptophan

29. Which of the following nutrients enhances iron absorption? a. Biotin b. Calcium c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin C

d. Vitamin C

56. In the quest for achieving desirable body weight, adults have control over all of the following except: a. diet b. behavior c. physical activity d. amount of fat cells

d. amount of fat cells

66. which of the following is not a major regulator of fluid in the body? a. sodium b. potassium c. chloride d. calcium

d. calcium

45. A woman with a severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy may give rise to a child with a. ADD b. rickets c. allergies d. cretinism

d. cretinism

65. which of the following types of drinking water contain the lowest amount of minerals? a. soft water b. hard water c. natural water d. distilled water

d. distilled water

50. All of the following are hormones that promote satiety except: a. PYY b. CCK c. leptin d. ghrelin

d. ghrelin

73. what is the recommended composition post game of an athlete? a. low protein b. high protein c. high fat d. high carbohydrates

d. high carbohydrates

18. An important aid in any weight loss program is to a. decrease water intake b. develop ketosis by keeping carbohydrate intake low c. speed up thyroid activity with metabolic enhancers d. increase physical activity

d. increase physical activity

7. Biotin can be synthesized by a. avidin b. the skin c. the liver d. intestinal bacteria

d. intestinal bacteria

22. All of the following are required for efficient dietary absorption of B12 except a. pepsin b. intrinsic factor c. hydrochloric acid d. mucosal cobalaminase

d. mucosal cobalaminase

26. Zinc is known to play an important role in all of the following functions except a. wound healing b. retinal synthesis c. production of sperm d. oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids

d. oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids

95. Which of the following is FALSE about hypertension? a) Dietary intake of sodium, but not magnesium or calcium, affects blood pressure. b) It is more common in African Americans than non-Hispanic whites. c) Risk for developing hypertension increases as you age. d) Regular exercise can delay the onset of hypertension.

a) Dietary intake of sodium, but not magnesium or calcium, affects blood pressure.

82. Bernhard is a football player on your university football team and he is eating high amounts of protein. Considering his high protein intake, how should he adjust his water intake and why? a) He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the kidneys excrete the protein waste products. b) He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the heart pump the protein more efficiently to the muscles. c) He needs to decrease his daily water intake so that a more concentrated source of protein gets to the muscles. d) He needs to decrease his daily water intake so that the intestine more efficiently absorbs the protein that enters the intestinal tract.

a) He needs to increase his daily water intake to help the kidneys excrete the protein waste products.

78. Which of the following vitamins have a coenzyme form? a) Niacin b) Vitamin A c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin K

a) Niacin

90. Which of the following minerals help regulate fluid balance? a) Sodium, potassium, and chloride b) Sodium, potassium, and fluoride c) Sodium, fluoride, and chloride d) Sodium, chloride, and iodine

a) Sodium, potassium, and chloride

81. In regard to the kidneys' role in regulating water balance in the body, the term reabsorption means the amount of the substance that is: a) absorbed back in to the blood after being filtered. b) excreted in the urine. c) filtered into the urine. d) secreted from the kidneys into lymph for absorption by the liver.

a) absorbed back in to the blood after being filtered.

87. Which of the following is not a trace mineral? a) calcium b) iodine c) iron d) zinc

a) calcium

100. Which of the following minerals have a role in blood pressure regulation? a) calcium and magnesium b) calcium and phosphorus c) phosphorus and magnesium d) potassium and zinc

a) calcium and magnesium

89. Phytic acid, tannins, and oxalates _____the absorption of many minerals. a) decrease b) increase c) have no effect on d) can both increase and descrease

a) decrease

98. When blood calcium levels are low, parathyroid hormone will a) increase. b) not change. c) decrease.

a) increase.

16. What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long term basis for most people? a. 0.5-2 lbs/week b. 3-4 lbs/ week c. 10 lbs per week d. 5 lbs per week

a. 0.5-2 lbs/week

71. Maximum heart rate is calculated how? a. 220-age b. ht X wt c. lean body mass X 0.8 d. age X wt/ht

a. 220-age

68. At what age do adults normally begin to start to lose bone mass? a. 30-40 b. 40-50 c. 50-60 d. 60-70

a. 30-40

14. Primary storage site for most fat soluble vitamins a. Liver b. stomach c. intestines d. mouth

a. Liver

43. What is the most reliable source of dietary fluoride? a. Public water b. dark green vegetables c. whole grains d. milk products

a. Public water

12. a person who does not eat dairy and spends most of her time indoors might need supplemental a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin K

a. Vitamin D

28. A popular eating plan that promises quick weight loss is known as a. a fad diet b. a discretionary diet c. a spot reduction plan d. an aggressive bariatric program

a. a fad diet

5. What type of container is best for protecting the riboflavin content of milk? a. dark cardboard container b. transparent glass bottle c. clear plastic d. none of the above

a. dark cardboard container

1. All of the following are general characteristics of the fat-soluble vitamins EXCEPT a. excesses are eliminated from the kidneys b. absorption is via the lymphatic system c. several of the them require protein carriers for transport d. they can be stored in relatively large amounts I certain body tissues

a. excesses are eliminated from the kidneys

21. A deficiency of which of the following vitamins result in accumulation of homocysteine in the blood a. folate b. biotin c. niacin d. vitamin K

a. folate

36. The most variable and changeable factor with regard to energy expenditure is a. physical activity b. thermic effect of feeding c. BMR d. all of the above

a. physical activity

55. All of the following describes the behavior of fat cells except: a. the number decreases when fat is lost from the body b. the size is larger in obese people then normal-weight people c. the storage capacity for fat depends on both cell size and number d. cell amount increases in periods of growth

a. the number decreases when fat is lost from the body

57. What is the primary reason that laxatives are not effective weight loss agents? a. they act on the large intestine rather then the small intestines b. they don't bind to fat c. they cost a lot d. they don't effect your appetite

a. they act on the large intestine rather then the small intestines

34. What is the best choice to rehydrate for the average person? a. water b. energy drink c. sports drink d. soda

a. water

30. Which two nutrients produce anemia when a deficiency occurs a.Vitamin B12 and folate b. Vitamin C and folate c. Thiamin and riboflavin d. Vitamin A and Vitamin D

a.Vitamin B12 and folate

94. A healthy blood pressure is _____ mm of mercury. a) 110/70 b) 120/80 c) 130/90 d) 140/90

b) 120/80

80. Mary needs to increase her thiamin consumption. Which of the following contains the most thiamin? a) ¼ c sunflower seeds b) 3 oz pork chop c) 3 oz rainbow trout d) 1 c oatmeal

b) 3 oz pork chop

86. Which of the following does NOT increase a person's need for water? a) Following a high-fiber diet b) Following a low-sodium diet c) Following a high-protein diet d) Competing in a local 5K run

b) Following a low-sodium diet

92. When a nerve cell is at rest, potassium is concentrated _____ the nerve cell and sodium is concentrated _____ the nerve cell. a) inside, inside b) inside, outside c) outside, inside d) outside, outside

b) inside, outside

10. 2 pounds of fat equals how many calories? a. 3500 b. 7000 c. 1000 d. 9000

b. 7000

11. Research has shown that the risk for neural tube defects is lowered by taking supplements of a. Niacin b. Folate c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin K

b. Folate

53, What term best describes a failure of the body's cells to respond to the secretion of insulin? a. central obesity b. Insulin resistance c. thyroid insufficiency d. hypothalamic impedance

b. Insulin resistance

32. What is the name of the vitamin D deficiency in adults? a. Rickets b. Osteomalacia c. Scurvy d. Beriberi

b. Osteomalacia

35. The human body's tendency to maintain a certain weight is called a. Weight loss theory b. Set point theory c. Obesity theory d. Leptin theory

b. Set point theory

4. Beriberi results from a deficiency of a. Niacin b. Thiamin c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin E

b. Thiamin

2. Which of the following would be removed in the production of fat-free milk? a. Thiamin b. Vitamin A c. Riboflavin d. Vitamin B 12

b. Vitamin A

41. Which of the following vitamins is commonly found in anti aging, skin care products? a. Vitamin D b. Vitamin A c. Vitamin K d. Vitamin B12

b. Vitamin A

24. A refusal to maintain body weight at or above the minimum for height and age is called a. bulimia nervosa b. anorexia nervosa c. binge eating disorder d. amenorrhea

b. anorexia nervosa

49. A health BMI should be a. under 18.5 b. between 18.5-24.9 c. between 25-29.9 d. over 30

b. between 18.5-24.9

52. Which of the following are all used to compute a woman's BMR? a. body fat, height, and age b. body weight, height and age c. physical activity level, body weight, and height d. energy intake, physical activity level, and body weight

b. body weight, height and age

48. Some ways to measure body composition include; a. the scale b. calipers c. food diary d. physical appearance

b. calipers

74. The rare genetic disease Menkes and Wilson disease result form abnormal utilization of a. iron b. copper c. zinc d. manganese

b. copper

17. All of the following are sensible guidelines for diet plans except: a. consume low fat food regularly b. eat rapidly to avoid prolonged contact with the food c. eat less then you expend d. include mostly fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean meats

b. eat rapidly to avoid prolonged contact with the food

59. what is the major function for all the b vitamins? a. helps your skin b. energy metabolism c. prevents hunger d. helps with digestion

b. energy metabolism

75. what is another term for hypertension? a. high blood sodium b. high blood pressure c. high heart beat d. high metabolism

b. high blood pressure

60. of the following foods, which would be the only source of vitamin b12 a. cauliflower b. hot dog c. pecans d. whole grain bread

b. hot dog

44. Chromium deficiency is characterized by a. hypertension b. hyperglycemia c. hypertoxicity d. hyperactivity

b. hyperglycemia

58. what is the primary excretory route for the water soluble vitamins? a. bile b. kidneys c. intestines d. sweat

b. kidneys

13. A symptom of vitamin A deficiency is a. hives b. night blindness c. rickets d. osteoporosis

b. night blindness

33. Which would be the most effective way to lower a person's energy intake? a. increase their portion sizes b. select less energy dense foods c. restrict their fiber intake d. restrict their water intake

b. select less energy dense foods

46. Which of the following minerals has functions similar to vitamin E a. iron b. selenium c. chromium d. zinc

b. selenium

61. which is an overt sign of a b vitamin deficiency? a. anemia b. smooth tongue c. abnormal liver function d. abnormal heart function

b. smooth tongue

19. Hyponatremia refers to low levels of: a. water b. sodium c. glucose d. potassium

b. sodium

72. hyponatremia refers to low blood levels of a. water b. sodium c. potassium d. neutralizer

b. sodium

3. What is the primary route that water soluble vitamins are excreted? a. via bile b. via kidneys c. via the intestines d. via perspiration

b. via kidneys

69. To increase iron absorption, iron containing food should be taken with food that are high in: a. calcium b. vitamin C c. vitamin B12 d. vitamin B6

b. vitamin C

23. BMI is associated with a. height and weight b. waist to hip circumference c. body composition d. basal metabolic rate

b. waist to hip circumference

64. which of the following contributes the most weight of the human body? a. iron b. water c. calcium d. selenium

b. water

76. Brian's need for a vitamin is 100 milligrams each day. The bioavailability of this vitamin is 35%. This means that Brian needs to consume _____ milligrams each day for this vitamin to meet his needs. a) 65 b) 100 c) 135 d) 170

c) 135

88. Dried fruits are good sources of which of the following minerals? a) Calcium and zinc b) Fructose and iron c) Iron and potassium d) Potassium and zinc

c) Iron and potassium

84. Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body? a) Assistance in the regulation of body temperature b) Protection and lubrication of joints c) Regulation of blood glucose d) Transportation of water-soluble nutrients

c) Regulation of blood glucose

91. Which list below best reflects the minerals that aid transmission of nerve impulses and provide for optimal muscle contraction? a) Calcium, sodium, iron, and magnesium b) Iron, copper, selenium, and magnesium c) Sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride d) Sodium, calcium, potassium, and magnesium

c) Sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride

77. If the diet is chronically low in fat-soluble vitamins, the bioavailability of which vitamins will be impacted most? a) Folate and vitamin B12 b) Thiamin and riboflavin c) Vitamins A and D d) Vitamins C and E

c) Vitamins A and D

96. Most people in the US need to _____ their sodium intake and _____ their potassium intake to meet recommendations for a healthy diet. a) increase, increase b) increase, decrease c) decrease, increase d) decrease, decrease

c) decrease, increase

85. Water intoxication is a condition that occurs when a person drinks enough water to significantly lower the concentration of ____ in the blood. a) chlorine b) glucose c) sodium d) protein

c) sodium

83. All of the following are true about thirst EXCEPT that a) thirst is caused by dryness in the mouth. b) signals from the brain make us feel thirsty. c) thirst is a weak urge, which does not reflect our need for water. d) thirst alone cannot be relied on to maintain water balance.

c) thirst is a weak urge, which does not reflect our need for water.

15. The components of fitness are all of the following except: a. Muscular strength and endurance b. Flexibility c. Body composition d. Cardiovascular endurance

c. Body composition

37. The eating disorder characterized by binging and purging is called a. Binge eating disorder b. Anorexia nervosa c. Bulimia nervosa d. Muscle dysmorphia

c. Bulimia nervosa

25. Which of the following disorders may be linked with the presence of high blood iron? a. Dermatitis b. Diverticulosis c. Heart Disease d. Neural tube defects

c. Heart Disease

9. Which of the following vitamins is stored primarily in muscles tissue? a. Biotin b. Folate c. Vitamin B6 d. Pantothenic acid

c. Vitamin B6

20. Following exercise it is important to consume a. carbohydrates only b. protein only c. a mixture of carbohydrates and protein d. water only

c. a mixture of carbohydrates and protein

67. which of the following are good sources of calcium a. fruit b. meat c. certain green vegetables d. breads

c. certain green vegetables

62. The protein that requires ascorbic acid for its formation is: a. keratin b. albumin c. collagen d. hydroxyproline

c. collagen

47. The rare genetic disorders Menkes disease and Wlison's disease result from abnormal utilization of a. iron b. zinc c. copper d. manganese

c. copper

54. The major cause of insulin resistance is: a. low protein diets b. high protein diets c. excess body weight d. prolonged excess carbohydrate intake

c. excess body weight

51. Which of the following describes the process of thermogenesis? a. burning of fat b. synthesis of fat c. generation of heat d. generation of water

c. generation of heat

27. Goiter is caused primarily by a deficiency of a. iron b. zinc c. iodine d. selenium

c. iodine

70. Goiter is caused primarily by a deficiency of a. iron b. zinc c. iodine d. copper

c. iodine

40. The best source of b vitamins is a. whole grains b. chicken c. milk d. chocolate

c. milk

8. Forms of vitamin B6 include all of the following except: a. pyridoxal b. pyridoxine c. pyrimidine d. pyridoxamine

c. pyrimidine

42. Zinc containing lozenges have been effective in treating what? a. fatigue b. slowing of BMR c. the common cold d. vitamin A toxicity

c. the common cold

39. Hunger is the feeling that motivates us to eat and is controlled by what? a. digestion b. the liver c. the hypothalamus d. iron levels

c. the hypothalamus

31. Which of the following is the most likely side effect for a person who consumes huge quantities of carrots? a. bone pain b. dermatitis c. yellowing of the skin d. hives

c. yellowing of the skin

63. a child that is bowed leg is likely deficient in vitamin a. A b. B c. C d. D

d. D