First Battle of Bull Run
Who was Thomas Jackson?
A Confederate General who stood his ground at the center of the Southern line. Became known as "Stonewall" Jackson because he "stood there like a stone wall".
Who was Mrs. Rose O'Neal Greenhow?
A Confederate spy who told General Beauregard that Union soldiers were advancing on Richmond
Confederacy
The southern states that seceded (rebelled) from the United States in 1861
Were any of the troops ready for the battle?
No, they were both green - inexperienced.
What was the background of Bull Run?
22,000 Confederate troops moved North from Richmond, Virginia. General Beauregard had received a message that Union soldiers were advancing on Richmond and so he marched his troops to Bull Run Creek just outside of the railroad center of Manassas Junction, Virginia. Then Union President Abraham Lincoln ordered Commanding General McDowell to attack.
How many men were in the Union Army?
35,000
Who was Joseph E. Johnston?
A Confederate General who arrived by train just in time to help Beauregard's troops
Brigade
A body of troops consisting of two or more regiments.
Where was the battle?
At Bull Run Creek, just outside of the railroad center of Manassas Junction, Virginia.
How did the battle begin?
At first, the Rebels were stunned and gave ground
How did the battle end?
Confederate General Johnston arrived by train with 9,000 soldiers. And at the center of the Southern line, Thomas Jackson refused to give ground. The Union troops were tired and blinded by dust and smoke. The Union troops retreated back to Washington, fighting for places on the road with frightened, horrified civilians.
Reinforcements
Extra soldiers sent to a place to make the force there stronger
First Battle of Bull Run or First Battle of Manassas, July 21, 1861
First test of both armies. At Bull Run Creek, Confederate soldiers charged Union men who were en route to besiege Richmond. Union troops fled back to Washington in a panicked retreat. Confederates didn't realize their victory in time to follow up on it. • This was the first major battle of the Civil War - both sides were ill-prepared and it ended the shared delusion of a "six-months" war.
Who was the commanding Union Officer?
General Irvin McDowell
Who was the commanding Confederate Officer?
General P.G.T. Beauregard
Stonewall Jackson
General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was a Confederate general who led infantry and Lee considered him "his right arm." His nickname came from the Battle of Bull Run - "there stands Jackson like a stonewall."
Troops
Groups of soldiers
First Battle of Bull Run
July 21, 1861- First major battle of the Civil War, in which untrained Northern troops and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington. This battle helped boost Southern morale and made the North realize that this would be a long war.
Telegraph
Machine invented by Samuel Morse in 1837 that used a system of dots and dashes to send messages across long distances electronically through a wire
When did the battle begin?
On July 21, 1861
How long did the battle last?
One day
What was the capital of the Confederacy?
Richmond, Virginia
Melancholy
Sadness; Depression
Casualty
Someone injured, killed, captured, or missing in a military battle
Tenaciously
Stubbornly; not giving up easily
Who won the battle?
The South
How many men were lost?
The Union lost 3000 men. The Confederacy lost 2000 men.
Union
The United States (especially the northern states during the American Civil War
Dispatch
The act of sending off something like news or a message
Offensive
The action of attacking an enemy; unpleasant or disgusting
Congress
The legislative branch of government, as described in Article I of the US Constitution, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Primarily responsible for making laws.
Civil War
The period of warfare between the Confederate States of America (1861-1865) and the United States over the issues of states' rights and slavery.
Enlist
Voluntarily join the military service
What was the capital of the Union?
Washington, D.C.
Were there spectators?
Yes. Hundreds of civilians from Washington loaded carriages with picnic baskets, bottles of champagne, and binoculars, and rode out to Manassas Junction in order to "see a real battle"
