First Battle of Bull Run

Who was Thomas Jackson?

A Confederate General who stood his ground at the center of the Southern line. Became known as "Stonewall" Jackson because he "stood there like a stone wall".

Who was Mrs. Rose O'Neal Greenhow?

A Confederate spy who told General Beauregard that Union soldiers were advancing on Richmond

Confederacy

The southern states that seceded (rebelled) from the United States in 1861

Were any of the troops ready for the battle?

No, they were both green - inexperienced.

What was the background of Bull Run?

22,000 Confederate troops moved North from Richmond, Virginia. General Beauregard had received a message that Union soldiers were advancing on Richmond and so he marched his troops to Bull Run Creek just outside of the railroad center of Manassas Junction, Virginia. Then Union President Abraham Lincoln ordered Commanding General McDowell to attack.

How many men were in the Union Army?

35,000

Who was Joseph E. Johnston?

A Confederate General who arrived by train just in time to help Beauregard's troops

Brigade

A body of troops consisting of two or more regiments.

Where was the battle?

At Bull Run Creek, just outside of the railroad center of Manassas Junction, Virginia.

How did the battle begin?

At first, the Rebels were stunned and gave ground

How did the battle end?

Confederate General Johnston arrived by train with 9,000 soldiers. And at the center of the Southern line, Thomas Jackson refused to give ground. The Union troops were tired and blinded by dust and smoke. The Union troops retreated back to Washington, fighting for places on the road with frightened, horrified civilians.

Reinforcements

Extra soldiers sent to a place to make the force there stronger

First Battle of Bull Run or First Battle of Manassas, July 21, 1861

First test of both armies. At Bull Run Creek, Confederate soldiers charged Union men who were en route to besiege Richmond. Union troops fled back to Washington in a panicked retreat. Confederates didn't realize their victory in time to follow up on it. • This was the first major battle of the Civil War - both sides were ill-prepared and it ended the shared delusion of a "six-months" war.

Who was the commanding Union Officer?

General Irvin McDowell

Who was the commanding Confederate Officer?

General P.G.T. Beauregard

Stonewall Jackson

General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was a Confederate general who led infantry and Lee considered him "his right arm." His nickname came from the Battle of Bull Run - "there stands Jackson like a stonewall."

Troops

Groups of soldiers

First Battle of Bull Run

July 21, 1861- First major battle of the Civil War, in which untrained Northern troops and civilian picnickers fled back to Washington. This battle helped boost Southern morale and made the North realize that this would be a long war.

Telegraph

Machine invented by Samuel Morse in 1837 that used a system of dots and dashes to send messages across long distances electronically through a wire

When did the battle begin?

On July 21, 1861

How long did the battle last?

One day

What was the capital of the Confederacy?

Richmond, Virginia

Melancholy

Sadness; Depression

Casualty

Someone injured, killed, captured, or missing in a military battle

Tenaciously

Stubbornly; not giving up easily

Who won the battle?

The South

How many men were lost?

The Union lost 3000 men. The Confederacy lost 2000 men.

Union

The United States (especially the northern states during the American Civil War

Dispatch

The act of sending off something like news or a message

Offensive

The action of attacking an enemy; unpleasant or disgusting

Congress

The legislative branch of government, as described in Article I of the US Constitution, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Primarily responsible for making laws.

Civil War

The period of warfare between the Confederate States of America (1861-1865) and the United States over the issues of states' rights and slavery.

Enlist

Voluntarily join the military service

What was the capital of the Union?

Washington, D.C.

Were there spectators?

Yes. Hundreds of civilians from Washington loaded carriages with picnic baskets, bottles of champagne, and binoculars, and rode out to Manassas Junction in order to "see a real battle"