Foods and Nutrition Ch. 2
PEM
a condition that may result if the diet does not contain enough protein and calories
pellagra
a disease resulting from a niacin deficiency
glucose
a from of sugar carried in the bloodstream for energy use throughout the body
deficiency disease
an illness that is caused by the lack of a sufficient amount of a nutrient
toxicity
getting an excess of nutrients resulting in poisoning
saliva
mucus-enzyme containing liquid secreted by the mouth
amino acid
one of 20 types of small units that make up proteins
dietary supplement
purified nutrient or nonnutrient substances that are manufactured or extracted from natural sources
Complex carbohydrates
starches and fibers
digestion
the bodily process of breaking food down into simpler compounds the body can use
Hypertension
High blood pressure
fatty acid
a chemical chain containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that is the basic component of all lipids
nutrient
a chemical substance from food the body needs to live
Osteoporosis
a condition resulting from a calcium deficiency, which is characterized by porous, brittle bones
night blindness
a condition resulting from a vitamin A deficiency
anemia
a condition resulting from deficiencies of various nutrients, which is characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells in the bloodstream
beriberi
a disease of the nervous system resulting from a thiamin deficiency
scurvy
a disease resulting from a vitamin C deficiency
rickets
a disease resulting from a vitamin D deficiency
cholesterol
a fatlike substance that occurs only in foods of animal origin
trans fat
a fatty acid with an odd molecular shape that is created in hydrogenated oils
fiber
a form of complex carbohydrate from plants that humans cannot digest
trace element
a mineral, such as iron or iodine, that is needed in the diet in amounts less than 100 milligrams
water
a nutrient required by the body to lubricate the joints and body cells and help regulate body temperature
hydrogenation
a process used to turn liquid oils into more highly saturated solid fats
complete protein
a protein containing all nine essential amino acids in sufficient amounts
monounsaturated
a type of fatty acid that is missing one hydrogen atom
goiter
a visible enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from an iodine deficiency
Fat soluble vitamin
a vitamin that dissolves in fats and can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body
malnutrition
lack of the right proportions of nutrients over an extended period
macrominerals
minerals needed in the diet in amounts of 100 or more milligrams each day
mineral
one of the six basic nutrient types that is an inorganic substance and becomes part of the bones, soft tissues, and body fluids
protein
one of the six basic nutrients that is required for growth, repair, and maintenance of every body cell
vitamin
one of the six basic types of nutrients that is a complex organic substance and becomes part of the bones, soft tissues, and body fluids
carbohydrate
one of the six basic types of nutrients that is the body's chief source of energy
fats
one of the six types of nutrients that are important energy sources
fortified foods
source of added nutrients in the diet aside from supplements
antioxidant
substance that prevents or slows damage caused by chemical reactions involving oxygen
metabolism
the chemical processes that take place in the cells after the body absorbs nutrients
absorption
the process of taking nutrients into the body and making them part of the body
Nutrition
the study of how the body uses the nutrients in foods that are eaten
water-soluble vitamin
vitamins that dissolve in water(C+B)
peristalsis
waves of contractions of the muscular walls of the digestive trace, which push food through the tract
