Food Allergy and Intolerance
Gluten Sensitivity
Can have gluten or wheat sensitivity without celiac disease With gluten sensitivity there is no indications it causes damage to the SI
Peanut Allergy
Most predominant food allergy in US Causes unknown-genetic and environmental factors are involved Reactions to peanuts and tree nuts are often severe and persist lifelong
Anaphylaxis
can be life-threatening bp drops causing loss of consciousness and difficulty breathing
Unexpected sources of peanuts
sauces, pudding, egg rolls, pancakes, specialty pizzas, meat substitutes, glazes and marinades, pet food
Allergy symptoms include
sneezing, rash, eczema, hives, cramps, aches, vomiting, asthma, diarrhea
What is an allergy?
the reaction of the body eliciting an immune response to a substance that the body perceives as foreign Food allergy is the immune system reaction after eating a certain food.
Foods that contain gluten
wheat, barley, rye, white flour, whole wheat flour, wheat germ, wheat bran, soy sauce, salad dressings, beer, cookies, pastas, french fries, cereals
Lactose Intolerance
Body cannot digest lactose SI does not make enough of the enzyme lactase to break down lactose into galactose and glucose Lactase is present in the brush border of SI Infants produce lactase until weaning
Symptoms of Celiac Disease
Bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, skin irritation, chronic fatigue, weight loss, anemia, weakness, muscle cramps, seizures, joint pain, migraine headaches Can impair the absorption of nutrients
Diagnosis of Celiac Disease
Blood test-antibodies against transglutaminase Tissue biopsy- taken from the SI
Gluten
Gives elasticity to dough Can be found in flour dough after starch is washed away Composed of two main proteins gliadin and glutenin
Celiac Disease
Gluten is responded to by immune system becuase looks like proteins in intestinal cells-immune response to the SI, SI cells get attacked
Masaai herdsmen of Africa
Live in Kenya and Tanzania Lactose tolerant Diet consists entirely of meat, milk, and blood
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Test negative for wheat allergy or celiac disease (no antibodies) Causes- spread of mediterranean diet, wheat with higher amounts of altered gluten peptides, higher amounts of gluten to reduce time of dough fermentation
Mast Cells
are found all over the body when activated by exposure to a food allergen, they cause symptoms depending on where they are found Airways: asthma Skin: hives, eczema GI Tract: itching in mouth, throat, trouble swallowing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Food intolerance
do not cause antibody production create problems during digestion Ex: lactose intolerance-an inability to digest milk sugar, lactose
Most common food that cause allergic response
grains, nuts, fruits, legumes, fish, shelfish, eggs, milk
Food allergies are more common in
infants and adults
