Food Allergy and Intolerance

Gluten Sensitivity

Can have gluten or wheat sensitivity without celiac disease With gluten sensitivity there is no indications it causes damage to the SI

Peanut Allergy

Most predominant food allergy in US Causes unknown-genetic and environmental factors are involved Reactions to peanuts and tree nuts are often severe and persist lifelong

Anaphylaxis

can be life-threatening bp drops causing loss of consciousness and difficulty breathing

Unexpected sources of peanuts

sauces, pudding, egg rolls, pancakes, specialty pizzas, meat substitutes, glazes and marinades, pet food

Allergy symptoms include

sneezing, rash, eczema, hives, cramps, aches, vomiting, asthma, diarrhea

What is an allergy?

the reaction of the body eliciting an immune response to a substance that the body perceives as foreign Food allergy is the immune system reaction after eating a certain food.

Foods that contain gluten

wheat, barley, rye, white flour, whole wheat flour, wheat germ, wheat bran, soy sauce, salad dressings, beer, cookies, pastas, french fries, cereals

Lactose Intolerance

Body cannot digest lactose SI does not make enough of the enzyme lactase to break down lactose into galactose and glucose Lactase is present in the brush border of SI Infants produce lactase until weaning

Symptoms of Celiac Disease

Bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, skin irritation, chronic fatigue, weight loss, anemia, weakness, muscle cramps, seizures, joint pain, migraine headaches Can impair the absorption of nutrients

Diagnosis of Celiac Disease

Blood test-antibodies against transglutaminase Tissue biopsy- taken from the SI

Gluten

Gives elasticity to dough Can be found in flour dough after starch is washed away Composed of two main proteins gliadin and glutenin

Celiac Disease

Gluten is responded to by immune system becuase looks like proteins in intestinal cells-immune response to the SI, SI cells get attacked

Masaai herdsmen of Africa

Live in Kenya and Tanzania Lactose tolerant Diet consists entirely of meat, milk, and blood

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity

Test negative for wheat allergy or celiac disease (no antibodies) Causes- spread of mediterranean diet, wheat with higher amounts of altered gluten peptides, higher amounts of gluten to reduce time of dough fermentation

Mast Cells

are found all over the body when activated by exposure to a food allergen, they cause symptoms depending on where they are found Airways: asthma Skin: hives, eczema GI Tract: itching in mouth, throat, trouble swallowing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Food intolerance

do not cause antibody production create problems during digestion Ex: lactose intolerance-an inability to digest milk sugar, lactose

Most common food that cause allergic response

grains, nuts, fruits, legumes, fish, shelfish, eggs, milk

Food allergies are more common in

infants and adults