forensics final
Gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis are similar in that they both use electric currents and the DNA fragments are separated out by size.
True
Fresh decomp stage
begins almost instantly; flies arrive * decomp of mammal begins at this stage
marauder
commit crimes outward from anchor points **pattern
A male skull can be described as having a.
large mastoid process, prominent brow ridge, receeding forehead
High velocity blood spatter stains are usually ______________________ in size.
less than 2mm
blood drops with some spatter are dropped at what angle degree
less than 90 degrees
An asian skull is described by which of the following features
linear nasal opening, rounded orbital openings
5 manners of death
natural, accidental, homicide, suicide, undetermined
toxin
naturally occurring/ in small doses can produce death/physical harm
What is the electrical charge of a strand of DNA?
negative
Compared to a male, the jaw of a female is
round
What is the general rate of temperature drop after death?
1.4 degrees fahrenheit per hour for 12 hours
Transfer Bloodstains
A pattern created when a wet, bloody surface comes in contact with another surface to form a print-like pattern
A forensic entomologist is...
A person who studies insects to gain clues about a crime
How does temperature have an effect on insect evidence?
Higher temperatures speedup the rate of development in the insect lifecycle
You can tell the age of a skeleton by looking at______________.
Number of fused bones
Which of the following is a legal depressant?
-alcohol
In which decade was DNA first used to solve a criminal case, and what was the name of the criminal?
1980s; Colin Pitchfork
Which of the following is a firearms examiner not most likely to encounter?
3D printed guns
An individual with type A blood will have ______________ antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
A
Blood typing is considered
A class characteristic
The universal blood recipient is type _______________
AB
high velocity spatter
An impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 100 feet per second or faster and producing drops with diameters less than 1 millimeter.
low velocity spatter
An impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 5 feet per second or less and producing drops with diameters greater than 3 millimeters.
Who was the first city toxicologist?
Andrew Gettler
The field of science that would be involved in identifying skeletal remains is called:
Anthropology
How do investigators use clues in crimes involving weapons to solve a case?
By working backwards
Which of the following is not a "futuristic" DNA technique that shows forensic applications.
CRISPR-- which is.. epigenetics, parabon snapshot phenotyping, microchip sexual assualt DNA separator
The CODIS database stands for ____________________ and requires __________ loci.
Combined DNA Index System, 20
gun gauge
Diameter of a shotgun barrel
caliber
Diameter of handgun
Who is the forensic anthropologist that aided in the identification of John Wayne Gacy's victims?
Dr. Clyde Snow
Internal Ballistics
Firearms investigator
Which of the following will NOT affect the rate of decomposition of a corpse?
Gender of the deceased;; what will affect it: ambient temp, whether they were wearing clothes, how fat or thin they are
During an autopsy, where is the first cut on the body usually made?
From the shoulder to the breastbone
How are guns test fired in a lab?
In a water filled bullet recovery tank
hollow tip bullet type
Increase damage to tissues, mushrooms on impact
What is the purpose of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
It separates the base pairs and makes many copies of the DNA strand.
The synthetic version of marijuana that is consistently reworked to be sold legally is called ________.
K2/spice
How would you determine if a red stain found at a crime scene is blood versus ketchup?
Kastle-Meyer Test
To test whether or not a suspected stain is blood, an investigator could use the:
Kastle-Meyer test
Who won a nobel prize for the discover of bloodtype groups?
Landsteiner
What elements do you look for to see if someone fired a gun recently?
Lead, Barium , Antimony
striations
Marks on a bullet casing left by rifling of the bore of a barrel
You are investigating a crime scene and need to make an impression of a toolmark to take back to the lab for analysis. What are you going to use?
Mikrosil
Terminal Ballistics: study of the projectile and its effects as it ends its flight.
Pathologist; studies the causes, nature, and effects of disease.
How is the angle of a blood stain determined?
Sin-1 (W/L)
firing pin impression
Small dimple found on the primer of the casing
Who was the Unabomber and how did he get bombs to his victims?
Ted Kaczynski; unmarked packages
Which of the following is not a common factor that could have an effect on insect evidence?
The age of the person at death... which is a common factor- location of body, drugs present, weather conditions
A largely dispersed ring or target area around a bullet hole indicates ________________.
The bullet was fired from 12 - 24inches
A man is found in a wooded area buried in a shallow grave. Lividity is present on the back of the legs, back of arms, and back of torso. When pressed, a white spot appears on the reddened area. What does this tell you about the post mortem interval (time since death)?
The man died between 2 and 8 hours ago
Detectives were called to a storage facility where a woman was found lying face down on the cement floor from an apparent gun shot wound to the head. Lividity was noted on the woman's back and the backs of her legs. What can you infer from this information?
The woman was most likely moved from where she was killed.
Gun powder residue is MOST OFTEN found on what part of the hand of the person firing the weapon?
Thumb web and back of hand
Post-mortem interval (PMI) is the
Time between death and discovery
How is the accumulated degree hour (ADH) calculated?
Time x temperature = ADH
gun extractor
Withdraws the cartridge from the firing chamber
Where can DNA be found?
Within the chromosomes of the nucleus of a cell.
wipe pattern
a bloodstain pattern created when an object moves through an existing stain, removing it or changing its appearance
expirated blood pattern
a pattern created by blood that is expelled out of the nose, mouth, or respiratory system as a result of air pressure and/or airflow
bloat decomp stage
abdomen inflates with bacterial gasses
How long after death does the body complete rigor mortis? (i.e. after how many hours is rigor useless in determining TOD)
about 36 hours
Macdonald Triad
animal cruelty, fire-setting, and bed wetting
A forensic anthropologist is called to the site of a skeleton that was discovered buried in a shallow grave. What is the first question the scientist will try to answer?
are these actual bones?
In the 1900s what was the "most common homocidal ingredient in every home"?
arsenic
On autopsy, a victim is found to have excessive levels of carbon dioxide in their bloodstream. What is their cause of death?
asphyxiation
primers
attach to single strand DNA during annealing phase
Which insects are attracted to a dead body first?
blow flies
putrefaction decomp stage
body collapses; intense odor
A research facility where human remains are studied as they decay in order to gain a better understanding of decay processes and timelines
body farm
dry decomp stage
bones, some dry skin and cartilage left
Which of the following is not an indicator in a car crash that may involve alcohol?
breathalyzer test
arterial spray spatter
bright red bloodstain pattern resulting from blood exiting the body under pressure from a main artery or the heart
You are processing a crime scene and the corpse has a pink flush to it. What can you tell the medical examiner to test for?
carbon monoxide
Which of the following is not a type of passive stain?
cast off-- which is: drip, drop, pool
The number of lands and grooves, and their direction and rate of twist are characteristic of a particular product from a specific manufacturer. Examiners can tell what type of gun fired the bullet but can't identify a particular gun. This is an example of what type of evidence?
class evidence
You are analyzing a recovered tool mark and have determined it to be a Phillips flat head screwdriver. What type of evidence is this?
class evidence
Blood group typing is ________ evidence, while DNA is considered ______________.
class, individual
A male pelvis is described by which of the following features
closed illium, forward sacrum, pelvic opening <90
Agglutination
clumping of red blood cells
external ballistics: study of the passage of the projectile (the trajectory) in flight
crime scene investigator
restriction enzyme
cuts target DNA sequence out
In the toxicology lab, a qualitative test will do all of the following except _____.
determine amount/purity
In some cases there are multiple wounds caused by a single bullet. These are identified as:
exit and entry
Compact bone is found primarily at the ends of your bones and joints.
false
The smoother the surface, the more satellites and spines will be present on the blood stain.
false
When prosecuting a federal drug case, the lab must run a qualitative test only for confirmatory purposes.
false
You are a firearms examiner and have found common striations on both your evidence and known samples, as shown below. Your conclusion should be stated as such: "The evidence sample shows a direct match to the known sample that was retrieved from the suspect's gun."
false
ELISA testing is a screening test done at the scene by crime scene processors.
false, done at the LAB
Terminal ballistics concerns what happens inside the gun when fired.
false, its the study of the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits and transfers its energy to a target.
Running positive and negative controls with each batch of samples in the toxicology lab is an example of quality assurance.
false; quality control
Locard was a Swiss scientist who determined that the difference between a poison and a medicine is the dose.
false; was Paracelsus
Which bone is most commonly used to determine the height of the deceased?
femur
Which of the following pieces of evidence is not useful for firearms analysis at a crime scene?
fingerprints-- what is useful: suspect clothing, shell casing, bullet fragment
Distinctive markings on shells of ammunition can be made by _______________.
firing pin, breechblock, extractor or ejector mechanism
Impact spatter that moves in the same direction as the bullet is known as ________ spatter.
forward
Gun powder residue patterns can be detected by:
greiss test
Anthropologists can determine the age, race, and gender of a victim as well as their approximate height. Which skeletal features are most useful in estimating skeletal age?
growth plates
Which of the following is an example of a schedule I drug?
heroin
Which of the following is not indicative of a screening test for toxicology?
identification of drug what is:colormetric test, field test, kit test
The bore of a gun is ________
inside of the barrel (long shooting part of a shotgun)
When drawing blood for alcohol testing, the suspect's skin must first be wiped with a(n) ______________ disinfectant.
iodine
________ are the raised portion of rifling inside the barrel of the gun, while _____ are the depressed spaces in between them.
lands, groves
You are processing a crime scene for trace blood spatter. What should you use if nothing is visible to the naked eye?
luminol + ALS
Taq Polymerase
main energy source of extension phase
buffer
maintains neutral pH
__________ stays in the body the longest, while ______ remains the shortest amount of time.
marijuana, alcohol
Which of the following is not a component of blood?
megalocytes
breechblock
metal block that prevents the bullet from backfiring from the weapon
MO- modus operandi
method used to commit crime
Round tip bullet type
most commonly used, easy to manufacture, greatest velocity and maximum penetration
dNTPS
nucleotide bases
When a victim is passed to the morgue, who takes over and performs the autopsy?
pathologist
What is the main reason bite mark evidence is considered unreliable?
pictures are typically used for comparison purposes marks found in flesh are distorted from swelling there is not enough data to consider bite marks individual evidence
void pattern
place w/o blood spatter due to an object in the way
Forensic entomology is primarily concerned with the interpretation of insect evidence found in association with decomposing corpses discovered under suspicious circumstances. An examination of the development stages of the insects present may yield valuable information about:
post-mortem interval
poison
produces death/physical harm
drug
produces psychological effect
6 steps of profiling
profiling inputs, decision process model, crime assessment, criminal profile, the investigation, apprehension
describe the end closest to the foot
proximal
Why is it challenging to determine gender in pre-pubescent children?
puberty is the cause of pelvic dimorphism
An adult fly emerges from the ____
pupa
Focusing on preventing mistakes and the overall process of lab testing is considered to be ______.
quality assurance
victimology
relationship bw victim/offender
Medium velocity blood patterns can occur by trauma from all the following weapons except__________.
rifle. they can occur by a crowbar, baseball bat, and lead pipe
qualitative test does:
separate the compound, characterize the compound, compare the compound
signature
serves emotional /psychological needs
A shotgun shell casing contains ignition powder and what projectiles are packed in the casing?
shot (lead pellets)
Black Putrefaction (Advanced Decay)
soft tissues break down; body turns color
template DNA
starting material to be copied
What are the functions of the bones of the skeletal system?
storing minerals protecting internal structures blood cell formation support
What method of blood spatter analysis is Dexter using in the image above?
stringing
What method of forensic entomology is used to determine time since death when the corpse has been dead from one month to a year or more?
successive wave of insects
What equation is used to calculate bullet trajectory?
tan(a) = opposite/adjacent
The reason grooves are rifled into the bore of a gun is so that ____________/
the bullet will made to spin and have a true and accurate course leaving the barrel
In general, the gauge of a shotgun is directly related to:
the diameter of the barrel
the direction of the blood spatter is__
the direction the blood traveled when it hit the surface
During this stage after death, flies begin to appear and deposit eggs.
the fresh stage
Which of the following is not a limitation of ground-penetrating radar?
the terrain needs to be relatively flat/even
You are screening an unknown white powder at the scene of a murder. You proceed with the kit test and there is no color change after the specified time period. What can you conclude?
the test is bad
swipe pattern
the transfer of blood from a moving source onto an unstained surface; the direction of travel may be determined by the feathered edge
Which of the following would a transfer pattern not tell you?
time of day the event happened-- what would it tell you: ID an object, determine movement at the scene, ID a body part
Which of the following is NOT an identification that can be made by Forensic Anthropologists?
time of death... what can be identified: height of victim, gender, race
commuter
travel outside normal activity space
Blood alcohol content can be derived from a breathalyzer or blood test
true
Femur length metrics are difficult to use for gender ID because there is too much overlap in the estimates
true
Osteoblasts are responsible for building new bone as you grow.
true
Point of convergence is a 2D area that is necessary to find before point of origin can be determined.
true
The best indicator of age in children are teeth.
true
The confirmatory lab test that confirms and quantifies drugs and their metabolites is the GC/MS.
true
The larger the caliber, the larger the bullet.
true
You can tell if a person is left or right handed by their bones
true
UNSUB
unknown/unidentified subject= offender
How are ballistics specialist able to make a comparison among the minute details of two small bullets?
using a comparison microscope
The confirmatory test for gunshot residue is
viewing under a Scanning Electron Microscope
cartridge - striped part
wad
GSR testing can confirm all of the following except:
which gun was fired & when.... can determine if the person has recently fired a weapon and the determination of muzzle to target distance