forensics final

Gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis are similar in that they both use electric currents and the DNA fragments are separated out by size.

True

Fresh decomp stage

begins almost instantly; flies arrive * decomp of mammal begins at this stage

marauder

commit crimes outward from anchor points **pattern

A male skull can be described as having a.

large mastoid process, prominent brow ridge, receeding forehead

High velocity blood spatter stains are usually ______________________ in size.

less than 2mm

blood drops with some spatter are dropped at what angle degree

less than 90 degrees

An asian skull is described by which of the following features

linear nasal opening, rounded orbital openings

5 manners of death

natural, accidental, homicide, suicide, undetermined

toxin

naturally occurring/ in small doses can produce death/physical harm

What is the electrical charge of a strand of DNA?

negative

Compared to a male, the jaw of a female is

round

What is the general rate of temperature drop after death?

1.4 degrees fahrenheit per hour for 12 hours

Transfer Bloodstains

A pattern created when a wet, bloody surface comes in contact with another surface to form a print-like pattern

A forensic entomologist is...

A person who studies insects to gain clues about a crime

How does temperature have an effect on insect evidence?

Higher temperatures speedup the rate of development in the insect lifecycle

You can tell the age of a skeleton by looking at______________.

Number of fused bones

Which of the following is a legal depressant?

-alcohol

In which decade was DNA first used to solve a criminal case, and what was the name of the criminal?

1980s; Colin Pitchfork

Which of the following is a firearms examiner not most likely to encounter?

3D printed guns

An individual with type A blood will have ______________ antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

A

Blood typing is considered

A class characteristic

The universal blood recipient is type _______________

AB

high velocity spatter

An impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 100 feet per second or faster and producing drops with diameters less than 1 millimeter.

low velocity spatter

An impact spatter pattern created by a force traveling at 5 feet per second or less and producing drops with diameters greater than 3 millimeters.

Who was the first city toxicologist?

Andrew Gettler

The field of science that would be involved in identifying skeletal remains is called:

Anthropology

How do investigators use clues in crimes involving weapons to solve a case?

By working backwards

Which of the following is not a "futuristic" DNA technique that shows forensic applications.

CRISPR-- which is.. epigenetics, parabon snapshot phenotyping, microchip sexual assualt DNA separator

The CODIS database stands for ____________________ and requires __________ loci.

Combined DNA Index System, 20

gun gauge

Diameter of a shotgun barrel

caliber

Diameter of handgun

Who is the forensic anthropologist that aided in the identification of John Wayne Gacy's victims?

Dr. Clyde Snow

Internal Ballistics

Firearms investigator

Which of the following will NOT affect the rate of decomposition of a corpse?

Gender of the deceased;; what will affect it: ambient temp, whether they were wearing clothes, how fat or thin they are

During an autopsy, where is the first cut on the body usually made?

From the shoulder to the breastbone

How are guns test fired in a lab?

In a water filled bullet recovery tank

hollow tip bullet type

Increase damage to tissues, mushrooms on impact

What is the purpose of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

It separates the base pairs and makes many copies of the DNA strand.

The synthetic version of marijuana that is consistently reworked to be sold legally is called ________.

K2/spice

How would you determine if a red stain found at a crime scene is blood versus ketchup?

Kastle-Meyer Test

To test whether or not a suspected stain is blood, an investigator could use the:

Kastle-Meyer test

Who won a nobel prize for the discover of bloodtype groups?

Landsteiner

What elements do you look for to see if someone fired a gun recently?

Lead, Barium , Antimony

striations

Marks on a bullet casing left by rifling of the bore of a barrel

You are investigating a crime scene and need to make an impression of a toolmark to take back to the lab for analysis. What are you going to use?

Mikrosil

Terminal Ballistics: study of the projectile and its effects as it ends its flight.

Pathologist; studies the causes, nature, and effects of disease.

How is the angle of a blood stain determined?

Sin-1 (W/L)

firing pin impression

Small dimple found on the primer of the casing

Who was the Unabomber and how did he get bombs to his victims?

Ted Kaczynski; unmarked packages

Which of the following is not a common factor that could have an effect on insect evidence?

The age of the person at death... which is a common factor- location of body, drugs present, weather conditions

A largely dispersed ring or target area around a bullet hole indicates ________________.

The bullet was fired from 12 - 24inches

A man is found in a wooded area buried in a shallow grave. Lividity is present on the back of the legs, back of arms, and back of torso. When pressed, a white spot appears on the reddened area. What does this tell you about the post mortem interval (time since death)?

The man died between 2 and 8 hours ago

Detectives were called to a storage facility where a woman was found lying face down on the cement floor from an apparent gun shot wound to the head. Lividity was noted on the woman's back and the backs of her legs. What can you infer from this information?

The woman was most likely moved from where she was killed.

Gun powder residue is MOST OFTEN found on what part of the hand of the person firing the weapon?

Thumb web and back of hand

Post-mortem interval (PMI) is the

Time between death and discovery

How is the accumulated degree hour (ADH) calculated?

Time x temperature = ADH

gun extractor

Withdraws the cartridge from the firing chamber

Where can DNA be found?

Within the chromosomes of the nucleus of a cell.

wipe pattern

a bloodstain pattern created when an object moves through an existing stain, removing it or changing its appearance

expirated blood pattern

a pattern created by blood that is expelled out of the nose, mouth, or respiratory system as a result of air pressure and/or airflow

bloat decomp stage

abdomen inflates with bacterial gasses

How long after death does the body complete rigor mortis? (i.e. after how many hours is rigor useless in determining TOD)

about 36 hours

Macdonald Triad

animal cruelty, fire-setting, and bed wetting

A forensic anthropologist is called to the site of a skeleton that was discovered buried in a shallow grave. What is the first question the scientist will try to answer?

are these actual bones?

In the 1900s what was the "most common homocidal ingredient in every home"?

arsenic

On autopsy, a victim is found to have excessive levels of carbon dioxide in their bloodstream. What is their cause of death?

asphyxiation

primers

attach to single strand DNA during annealing phase

Which insects are attracted to a dead body first?

blow flies

putrefaction decomp stage

body collapses; intense odor

A research facility where human remains are studied as they decay in order to gain a better understanding of decay processes and timelines

body farm

dry decomp stage

bones, some dry skin and cartilage left

Which of the following is not an indicator in a car crash that may involve alcohol?

breathalyzer test

arterial spray spatter

bright red bloodstain pattern resulting from blood exiting the body under pressure from a main artery or the heart

You are processing a crime scene and the corpse has a pink flush to it. What can you tell the medical examiner to test for?

carbon monoxide

Which of the following is not a type of passive stain?

cast off-- which is: drip, drop, pool

The number of lands and grooves, and their direction and rate of twist are characteristic of a particular product from a specific manufacturer. Examiners can tell what type of gun fired the bullet but can't identify a particular gun. This is an example of what type of evidence?

class evidence

You are analyzing a recovered tool mark and have determined it to be a Phillips flat head screwdriver. What type of evidence is this?

class evidence

Blood group typing is ________ evidence, while DNA is considered ______________.

class, individual

A male pelvis is described by which of the following features

closed illium, forward sacrum, pelvic opening <90

Agglutination

clumping of red blood cells

external ballistics: study of the passage of the projectile (the trajectory) in flight

crime scene investigator

restriction enzyme

cuts target DNA sequence out

In the toxicology lab, a qualitative test will do all of the following except _____.

determine amount/purity

In some cases there are multiple wounds caused by a single bullet. These are identified as:

exit and entry

Compact bone is found primarily at the ends of your bones and joints.

false

The smoother the surface, the more satellites and spines will be present on the blood stain.

false

When prosecuting a federal drug case, the lab must run a qualitative test only for confirmatory purposes.

false

You are a firearms examiner and have found common striations on both your evidence and known samples, as shown below. Your conclusion should be stated as such: "The evidence sample shows a direct match to the known sample that was retrieved from the suspect's gun."

false

ELISA testing is a screening test done at the scene by crime scene processors.

false, done at the LAB

Terminal ballistics concerns what happens inside the gun when fired.

false, its the study of the behavior and effects of a projectile when it hits and transfers its energy to a target.

Running positive and negative controls with each batch of samples in the toxicology lab is an example of quality assurance.

false; quality control

Locard was a Swiss scientist who determined that the difference between a poison and a medicine is the dose.

false; was Paracelsus

Which bone is most commonly used to determine the height of the deceased?

femur

Which of the following pieces of evidence is not useful for firearms analysis at a crime scene?

fingerprints-- what is useful: suspect clothing, shell casing, bullet fragment

Distinctive markings on shells of ammunition can be made by _______________.

firing pin, breechblock, extractor or ejector mechanism

Impact spatter that moves in the same direction as the bullet is known as ________ spatter.

forward

Gun powder residue patterns can be detected by:

greiss test

Anthropologists can determine the age, race, and gender of a victim as well as their approximate height. Which skeletal features are most useful in estimating skeletal age?

growth plates

Which of the following is an example of a schedule I drug?

heroin

Which of the following is not indicative of a screening test for toxicology?

identification of drug what is:colormetric test, field test, kit test

The bore of a gun is ________

inside of the barrel (long shooting part of a shotgun)

When drawing blood for alcohol testing, the suspect's skin must first be wiped with a(n) ______________ disinfectant.

iodine

________ are the raised portion of rifling inside the barrel of the gun, while _____ are the depressed spaces in between them.

lands, groves

You are processing a crime scene for trace blood spatter. What should you use if nothing is visible to the naked eye?

luminol + ALS

Taq Polymerase

main energy source of extension phase

buffer

maintains neutral pH

__________ stays in the body the longest, while ______ remains the shortest amount of time.

marijuana, alcohol

Which of the following is not a component of blood?

megalocytes

breechblock

metal block that prevents the bullet from backfiring from the weapon

MO- modus operandi

method used to commit crime

Round tip bullet type

most commonly used, easy to manufacture, greatest velocity and maximum penetration

dNTPS

nucleotide bases

When a victim is passed to the morgue, who takes over and performs the autopsy?

pathologist

What is the main reason bite mark evidence is considered unreliable?

pictures are typically used for comparison purposes marks found in flesh are distorted from swelling there is not enough data to consider bite marks individual evidence

void pattern

place w/o blood spatter due to an object in the way

Forensic entomology is primarily concerned with the interpretation of insect evidence found in association with decomposing corpses discovered under suspicious circumstances. An examination of the development stages of the insects present may yield valuable information about:

post-mortem interval

poison

produces death/physical harm

drug

produces psychological effect

6 steps of profiling

profiling inputs, decision process model, crime assessment, criminal profile, the investigation, apprehension

describe the end closest to the foot

proximal

Why is it challenging to determine gender in pre-pubescent children?

puberty is the cause of pelvic dimorphism

An adult fly emerges from the ____

pupa

Focusing on preventing mistakes and the overall process of lab testing is considered to be ______.

quality assurance

victimology

relationship bw victim/offender

Medium velocity blood patterns can occur by trauma from all the following weapons except__________.

rifle. they can occur by a crowbar, baseball bat, and lead pipe

qualitative test does:

separate the compound, characterize the compound, compare the compound

signature

serves emotional /psychological needs

A shotgun shell casing contains ignition powder and what projectiles are packed in the casing?

shot (lead pellets)

Black Putrefaction (Advanced Decay)

soft tissues break down; body turns color

template DNA

starting material to be copied

What are the functions of the bones of the skeletal system?

storing minerals protecting internal structures blood cell formation support

What method of blood spatter analysis is Dexter using in the image above?

stringing

What method of forensic entomology is used to determine time since death when the corpse has been dead from one month to a year or more?

successive wave of insects

What equation is used to calculate bullet trajectory?

tan(a) = opposite/adjacent

The reason grooves are rifled into the bore of a gun is so that ____________/

the bullet will made to spin and have a true and accurate course leaving the barrel

In general, the gauge of a shotgun is directly related to:

the diameter of the barrel

the direction of the blood spatter is__

the direction the blood traveled when it hit the surface

During this stage after death, flies begin to appear and deposit eggs.

the fresh stage

Which of the following is not a limitation of ground-penetrating radar?

the terrain needs to be relatively flat/even

You are screening an unknown white powder at the scene of a murder. You proceed with the kit test and there is no color change after the specified time period. What can you conclude?

the test is bad

swipe pattern

the transfer of blood from a moving source onto an unstained surface; the direction of travel may be determined by the feathered edge

Which of the following would a transfer pattern not tell you?

time of day the event happened-- what would it tell you: ID an object, determine movement at the scene, ID a body part

Which of the following is NOT an identification that can be made by Forensic Anthropologists?

time of death... what can be identified: height of victim, gender, race

commuter

travel outside normal activity space

Blood alcohol content can be derived from a breathalyzer or blood test

true

Femur length metrics are difficult to use for gender ID because there is too much overlap in the estimates

true

Osteoblasts are responsible for building new bone as you grow.

true

Point of convergence is a 2D area that is necessary to find before point of origin can be determined.

true

The best indicator of age in children are teeth.

true

The confirmatory lab test that confirms and quantifies drugs and their metabolites is the GC/MS.

true

The larger the caliber, the larger the bullet.

true

You can tell if a person is left or right handed by their bones

true

UNSUB

unknown/unidentified subject= offender

How are ballistics specialist able to make a comparison among the minute details of two small bullets?

using a comparison microscope

The confirmatory test for gunshot residue is

viewing under a Scanning Electron Microscope

cartridge - striped part

wad

GSR testing can confirm all of the following except:

which gun was fired & when.... can determine if the person has recently fired a weapon and the determination of muzzle to target distance