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___________ is the phenomenon occurring when members of a team exert less effort when working on team tasks than they would if they worked alone on those same tasks.

social loafing Feelings of reduced accountability cause members to exert less effort when working on team tasks than they would if they worked alone on those same tasks. This phenomenon is called social loafing, and it can significantly hinder a team's effectiveness.

Motivation has a _____ effect on job performance.

strong positive Motivation has a strong positive effect on job performance. People who experience higher levels of motivation tend to have higher levels of task performance.

_____ diversity refers to diversity regarding observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age.

surface-level Surface-level diversity refers to diversity regarding observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age.

Deep-level diversity has positive effects on team creativity when

team members are instructed to take the perspective of their teammates. Deep-level diversity has positive effects on team creativity when team members are instructed to take the perspective of their teammates.

At Bark Shape industries, each employee has a workspace in which to debark logs used to make rustic homes and patio furniture. The policy is that everyone on a team must remain at his or her workstation until everyone has secured the logs they were working on. At the end of the shift, everyone on team C is ready to go home, but they are waiting on Felipe, who still has not secured his logs. Exceeding the time allocated in a shift hurts the production rating of a team. Team C is witnessing a(n) _____ task.

conjunctive Tasks for which the team's performance depends on the abilities of the "weakest link" are called conjunctive tasks.

Greta is responsible for the organization and distribution of relief packages to nations affected by famine throughout the world. According to the job characteristics theory, Greta's job has a high degree of

significance. Significance is the degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives of other people, particularly people in the world at large.

One way to potentially prevent problems associated with too much cohesion is to formally institute the role of a(n) _____, a person who is responsible for evaluating and challenging prevailing points of view in a constructive manner and also bringing in fresh perspectives and ideas to the team.

Devils Advocate A step in preventing problems associated with too much cohesion would be to formally institute the role of devil's advocate. The person performing the devil's advocate role would be responsible for evaluating and challenging prevailing points of view in a constructive manner and also bringing in fresh perspectives and ideas to the team.

Which scenario depicts an employee who experiences a high level of meaningfulness?

Floyd walks around his pet rescue, patting his employees on the back and reminding them they are improving the lives of animals and people. Meaningfulness captures the value of a work goal or purpose, relative to a person's own ideals and passions.

Which of the following examples of work involves the core job characteristic of identity?

Min-jun took two years to write a novel, from starting the first draft to getting it published. The core job characteristic of identity is the degree to which the job requires completing a whole, identifiable, piece of work from beginning to end with a visible outcome. By writing a novel, Min-jun does work from the beginning of a project to its end.

he dimensions of psychological empowerment include all of these except

Needs Models of psychological empowerment argue that four concepts are particularly important: meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, and impact.

Charles is an accountant at a large firm. His boss has instituted a plan designed to create high levels of task interdependence. Which of the following is NOT something Charles should be prepared for?

The team being less able to adapt to new situations. As the level of task interdependence increases, members must spend increasing amounts of time communicating and coordinating with other members to complete tasks. This type of coordination can result in decreases in productivity, which is the ratio of work completed per the amount of time worked. On the other hand, increases in task interdependence increase the ability of the team to adapt to new situations. The more members interact and communicate with other members, the more likely it is that the team will be able to devise solutions to novel problems it may face.

_____________ tasks depend on the abilities of the "weakest link."

conjunctive

Brandy has been given a great deal of opportunity to advance her career. She recently got a huge increase in authority and salary, and she was hired to do what she has always claimed was her dream job. However, Brandy is not enthusiastic about coming to work, and when she is there, she spends most of her time complaining about how Maurice got a bigger office and nicer furniture than she did. Brandy's behavior would seem to support _____ theory.

equity Equity theory acknowledges that motivation doesn't just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances but also on what happens to other people.

Jamie owns a small sporting goods store. He has decided to aggressively pursue a policy to make sure employees feel a sense of equity in his store. What result is Jamie most likely going to see as a result of his push for equity?

greater commitment from his employees Research on equity and organizational commitment offers the clearest insights into the motivation-commitment relationship. Specifically, employees who feel a sense of equity are more emotionally attached to their firms and feel a stronger sense of obligation to remain.

John F. Kennedy's decision to go forward with the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, NASA's decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger in unusually cold weather, and Enron's board of directors' decisions to ignore illegal accounting practices are famous examples of

groupthink In highly cohesive teams, members may try to maintain harmony by striving toward consensus on issues without ever offering, seeking, or seriously considering alternative viewpoints and perspectives. This drive toward conformity at the expense of other team priorities is called groupthink and is thought to be associated with feelings of overconfidence about the team's capabilities. Some famous examples of groupthink are John F. Kennedy's decision to go forward with the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, NASA's decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger in unusually cold weather, and Enron's board of directors' decisions to ignore illegal accounting practices.

Blake is determined to finish a building project for Mr. Hicks before the deadline. Blake is certain that if he successfully performs this building project, Mr. Hicks will hire him as a permanent builder for his expanding condominium business. Blake's belief demonstrates

instrumentality. Instrumentality represents the belief that successful performance will result in some outcome(s).

Motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward is _____ motivation.

intrinsic Motivation that is felt when task performance serves as its own reward is known as intrinsic motivation.

Rocco has been asked to set some effective goals for the workers in his sales department. Rocco wants to get the best performance out of his team that he can, because he is being evaluated on how well they do. How should Rocco go about determining the goals for his team?

make the goals specific and challenging, stating exactly how many sales he wants and when he wants them Assigning employees specific and difficult goals will result in higher levels of performance than assigning no goals, easy goals, or "do-your-best" goals.

Nominal group technique decreases social loafing and production blocking—problems with brainstorming—by

making people write down ideas on their own. Nominal group technique addresses the problems with brainstorming by making people write down ideas on their own, which decreases social loafing and production blocking. Although team members might still be hesitant about expressing wild ideas to the group, doing so might be less threatening than having nothing to contribute to the group.

_____ can be beneficial to teams if it stimulates conversations that result in the development and expression of new ideas.

making people write down ideas on their own. Task conflict refers to disagreements among members about the team's task. This type of conflict can be beneficial to teams if it stimulates conversations that result in the development and expression of new ideas.