General Bio Chapter 4 Test

Both members of a couple are carries for a recessive disease allele. If the couple has four children, which of the following statements must be truly?

50% of the children could be carries of the disease

The molecule _______ is produced to store energy and is broken down in order to use that energy for cellular processes.

ATP

Which of the following statements about the amino acids that are required by adult humans is true?

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins

______ messages travel along neurons and ______ messages travel between neurons.

Electrical; chemical

What hormone initiates a new menstrual cycle?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Which of the following statements disguises gamete formation in human males from gamete formation in human females?

Human males make sperm throughout their lives, beginning at puberty, whereas human females are born with all the eggs that may be fertilized

When natural selection is operating, which of the following is likely to occur?

Individuals within a population may have greater survival than others

Which of the following statements about negative feedback loop is true?

Negative feedback slows down or shuts off a process when a set point is reached

For homework your instructor asks you to write a paragraph discussing how the mouth, stomach, and small intestines work together to process food items and provide nutrients to the body. Which level of biological organization are you studying?

Organ systems

Which of the following statements accurately describes the movement of water and waste within nephron?

Water and waster both filter through the glomerulus; water is later reabsorbed from capillaries along the tubule.

If an athlete damages a ligament in his or her knee, he or she has damaged

a connection between two bones

During blood clotting, a broken blood vessel triggers a cascade of factors that collectively reduce blood loss. In this example, the clotting factors are functioning as part of

a positive feedback loop

small clusters within the lines that are responsible for exchanging of gases from the blood

alveoli

The know is part of the _______ skeleton, which is designed primarily for ________.

appendicular; motion

Which of the following methods of reproduction is NOT used by animals?

asexual reproduction involving sperm and eggs

Another name for the "pacemaker" of the heart is the

atrioventricular (AV) node

Some organisms switch from male to female, or vice versa. The most likely reason for the change is the

availability of environmental resources

A storm kills all of the plants on a hillside; the rest of the population is unharmed. This is an example of

bottleneck

For a human to inhale, the rib muscles and the diaphragm must

contract, decreasing pressure inside the lungs

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the pathway that a signal travels in a neuron?

dendrite to cell body to axon

Which of the following processes is NOT a function of nephrons?

diffusion of oxygen into body cells

Which of the following sequences places spermatogenesis in the correct order from start to finish?

diploid precursor cell, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocytes, sperm

Internal skeleton

endoskeleton

external skeleton that surrounds and encloses the soft tissue

exoskeleton

A scientific hypothesis must be potentially _____________. If must make predictions that can be clearly determined to be correct or incorrect.

falsifiable

The liver secretes bile to the

gallbladder

The liquid portion of human blood cannot absorb enough oxygen to meet the body's demand. However, ________ in out red blood cells greatly increase(s) the oxygen-carrying capacity of human blood.

hemoglobin

Process of maintaining a relatively constant internal state despite changes in the external environment.

homeostasis

Where in the body would you expect to find voluntary muscle that has banded appearance?

in a muscle that bends the knee

Blood leaving the right ventricle of the heart travels next to the

lungs

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the journey of a potato chip through out digestive tract?

mouth to esophagus to smooth to small intestine to large intestine to anus

muscle contraction is caused by

myosin filaments sliding along actin filaments

Basic functional unit of the kindness that helps cleanse the blood

nephron

Which of the following sequences places the direction traveled by an egg in the correct order?

ovary, oviduct, uterus, vagina

Location of fertilization of the egg within the female reproductive tract

oviduct

A human female has a diploid chromosome number of 46 (2n=46). Based on this information, which of the following cells is NOT properly matched with its chromosomes number?

secondary oocyte: 46 chromosomes

You touch a hot stove, this stimulus excites the ___neuron, which carries information to the ______, which carries information to the ____ neurons leading to the response of you pulling your hand from the stove.

sensory; interneurons; motor

Biological evolution is best defines as

the change in genetic characteristics of populations over time

When the blood (FIRST) arrives at an alveolus,

the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher in the blood than in the alveolus

Sperm that is ejaculated from the body would pass through which of the following?

the penis

Which of the following organs play a role in producing vitamin D?

the skin

Significant weight gain and the growth of hard on the head are events that occur during which trimester of pregnancy?

third trimester